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Mexican Honours System
The Mexican Honors system consists of civil orders, decorations and medals that are conferred on citizens and foreigners in recognition of their services and achievements. Although the indigenous empires that made up modern Mexico had their own way of recognizing individuals, the current system traces its roots from colonial New Spain, and has evolved because of events since the country's independence. The following is a partial list of the orders, awards and prizes that have been or are currently issued as state decorations by the Government of Mexico. Mexican Empire First Empire (1822–1823) * Order of Guadalupe (First version) Second Empire (1864–1867) * Imperial Order of Guadalupe (renewed version) * Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle * Imperial Order of Saint Charles United Mexican States Current Honors According to the Law on Prizes, Stimuli and Civil Rewards, Mexico's highest award for its own citizens is the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo. Despite its presence in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Spain
New Spain, officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain ( es, Virreinato de Nueva España, ), or Kingdom of New Spain, was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas and having its capital in Mexico City. Its jurisdiction comprised a huge area that included what is now Mexico, the Western and Southwestern United States (from California to Louisiana and parts of Wyoming, but also Florida) in North America; Central America, the Caribbean, very northern parts of South America, and several territorial Pacific Ocean archipelagos. After the 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, conqueror Hernán Cortés named the territory New Spain, and established the new capital, Mexico City, on the site of the Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Mexica (Aztec) Empire. Central Mexico became the base of expeditions of exploration and conquest, expanding the territory claimed by the Spanish Empire. With the polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Mexico
The written history of Mexico spans more than three millennia. First populated more than 13,000 years ago, central and southern Mexico (termed Mesoamerica) saw the rise and fall of complex indigenous peoples of Mexico, indigenous civilizations. Mexico would later develop into a unique multicultural society. Mesoamerican civilizations developed glyphic Mesoamerican writing systems, writing systems, recording the political history of conquests and rulers. Mesoamerican history prior to European arrival is called the prehispanic era or the pre-Columbian era. Following Mexican War of Independence, Mexico's independence from Spain in 1821, political turmoil wracked the nation. France, with the help of Mexican conservatives, seized control in the 1860s during the Second Mexican Empire, but was later defeated. Quiet prosperous growth was characteristic in the late 19th century but the Mexican Revolution in 1910 brought a bitter civil war. With calm restored in the 1920s, economic growth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Mexico
The Federal government of Mexico (alternately known as the Government of the Republic or ' or ') is the national government of the United Mexican States, the central government established by its constitution to share sovereignty over the republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states, and to represent such governments before international bodies such as the United Nations. The Mexican federal government has three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial and functions per the Constitution of the United Mexican States, as enacted in 1917, and as amended. The executive power is exercised by the executive branch, which is headed by the president and his Cabinet, which, together, are independent of the legislature. Legislative power is vested upon the Congress of the Union, a bicameral legislature comprising the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. Judicial power is exercised by the judiciary, consisting of the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, the C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Guadalupe
There were three Imperial Orders of the Mexican Empire, which were Orders of chivalry created to reward Heads of state and prominent people during the two periods of the Mexican Empire—the ' ( es, Orden Imperial de Guadalupe), the ''Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle'' (Spanish: Orden Imperial del Águila Mexicana), and the ' (Spanish: Imperial Orden de San Carlos). Imperial Order of Guadalupe * The Order of Guadalupe (originally: "National Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe") was established by Emperor Agustín I of Mexico in the fall of 1821, although its statutes would not be published until February 1822. It was originally divided into two classes: ''Grand Cross'' and ''Numerary Member''. After the death of the Agustin I, the Order fell out of use and remained inactive for 30 years until Antonio López de Santa Anna convinced Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX ( it, Pio IX, ''Pio Nono''; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was head of the Catholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mexican Imperial Orders
There were three Imperial Orders of the Mexican Empire, which were Orders of chivalry created to reward Heads of state and prominent people during the two periods of the Mexican Empire—the ' ( es, Orden Imperial de Guadalupe), the ''Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle'' (Spanish: Orden Imperial del Águila Mexicana), and the ' (Spanish: Imperial Orden de San Carlos). Imperial Order of Guadalupe * The Order of Guadalupe (originally: "National Order of Our Lady of Guadalupe") was established by Emperor Agustín I of Mexico in the fall of 1821, although its statutes would not be published until February 1822. It was originally divided into two classes: ''Grand Cross'' and ''Numerary Member''. After the death of the Agustin I, the Order fell out of use and remained inactive for 30 years until Antonio López de Santa Anna convinced Pope Pius IX to recognize it in 1854. It fell into disuse again in August of that same year after the successful Ayutla Revolution and the ousting of San ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo
The ''Condecoración "Miguel Hidalgo"'' or Miguel Hidalgo Decoration forms part of the Mexican Honours System. It is the highest award that the United Mexican States can issue its citizens. It is awarded for eminent or distinguished merits; exemplar conduct or life's work; relevant services rendered unto the Nation or to Mankind; or heroic acts. There are very few records of it being awarded. Background The award is named after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753-1811), Mexican Catholic priest and main leader of the Mexican War of Independence. In 1975, President Luis Echeverría signed the decree establishing the Mexican Law of Prizes, Stimuli and Civil Rewards, which lists the awards issued by the Executive Branch of the Government of Mexico and established the ''Condecoración "Miguel Hidalgo"'' as the nation's highest award to its own citizens. Description The decoration consists of four classes: *Collar: **For heroic acts, difficult to repeat by a person of exemplary conduct; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of The Aztec Eagle
The Mexican Order of the Aztec Eagle ( es, Orden Mexicana del Águila Azteca) forms part of the Mexican Honours System and is the highest Mexican order awarded to foreigners in the country. History It was created by decree on December 29, 1933 by President Abelardo L. Rodríguez as a reward to the services given to Mexico or humankind by foreigners. It corresponds to similar distinctions given to Mexican citizens such as the Condecoración Miguel Hidalgo or the Belisario Domínguez Medal of Honor. It is given by the office of the foreign minister on the instructions of a Council established for this purpose headed by the President. It’s naming is partially taken from the Imperial Order of the Mexican Eagle, which was created by Maximilian I of Mexico on January 1, 1865. Design There is some design similarity of the order with the coat of arms of Mexico, particularly the golden eagle holding a rattlesnake, which is associated with the Aztec civilization. Classes Since 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Prize For Arts And Sciences (Mexico)
The National Prize for Arts and Sciences ( es, Premio Nacional de Ciencias y Artes) is awarded annually by the Government of Mexico in six categories. It is part of the Mexican Honours System and was established in 1945. The prize is a gold medal and 520,000 pesos. Selected winners ''For a complete list of winners in tabular format, see the corresponding article in Spanish.'' Linguistics and literature ''Lingüística y Literatura'' *1935: Gregorio López y Fuentes *1946: Alfonso Reyes *1949: Mariano Azuela González *1958: Martín Luis Guzmán *1964: Carlos Pellicer Cámara *1965: Ángel María Garibay *1966: Jaime Torres Bodet *1967: Salvador Novo López *1968: José Gorostiza *1969: Silvio Zavala Vallado *1970: Juan Rulfo *1971: Daniel Cosío Villegas *1972: Rodolfo Usigli *1973: Agustín Yáñez *1974: Rubén Bonifaz Nuño *1975: Francisco Monterde *1976: ** Antonio Gómez Robledo ** Efraín Huerta *1977: Octavio Paz *1978: Fernando Benítez *1979: Juan José Arr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Public Administration Prize
The National Public Administration Prize (known in Spanish as the Premio Nacional Administración Pública or PNAP) forms part of the Mexican Honours System. It is, along with its corresponding Medal, the highest decoration that the country confers on its public servants for works that improve the functions of the nation's federal government. History The Prize was established by decree of President José López Portillo following an Act of the Mexican Congress in 1980 and is governed by the country'federal law on awards Since then, it has been Mexico's highest recognition to civil servants that have contributed substantially to improve federal services. Classes The classes are : #''1er Grado'' ("1st Class"), with gold medal; #''2ndo Grado'' ("2nd Class"), with silver medal; #''3er Grado'' ("3rd Class"), with bronze medal. Recipients of all grades receive a diploma, a lump sum determined annually by the President of Mexico, and have their names recorded on the Prize's Book of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ohtli Award
The Ohtli Award or Reconocimiento Ohtli is an honor the Mexican Government gives to Mexican citizens who work in the United States and other countries and who have given assistance to Mexican citizens or promoted their culture. About The Ohtli award is administered by the Secretariat of Foreign Affairs. It is given once annually by individual consulates and consists of a medallion, silver rosette and a diploma. The name of the award comes from the Nahuatl word which means "road" or "path." The medal depicts an Aztec god cutting grass with a machete Older machete from Latin America Gerber machete/saw combo Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San Agustín de las Juntas, Oaxaca">San_Agustín_de_las_Juntas.html" ;"title="Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San Agustín de las Juntas">Agustín Cruz Tinoco of San .... The symbolism of the name alludes to the idea of opening a path for others. The first award was given out in 1996. The award is one of the highest honors given to citizens living outs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Secretariat Of Foreign Affairs (Mexico)
The Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs ( es, Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores, ''SRE'', lit: Secretariat of External Relations) is the government department responsible for Mexico's foreign affairs. Mexico currently has 80 embassies, 33 consulates-general, 35 consulates, 1 representative office in Ramallah, 1 trade office in Taiwan and 144 honorary consulates around the world. Mexico also has 2 permanent representations to the United Nations in New York City and Geneva, there are also permanent missions to the OAS in Washington, D.C., to UNESCO in Paris, to European Union in Brussels, to OECD in Paris, to ICAO in Montreal and to OPANAL in Mexico City. Mexico also has permanent observer mission status to the AU, CAN, CE, Mercosur, NAM and Unasur. The person in charge of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Secretary of Foreign Affairs, also known domestically as the ''canciller'' (Spanish, lit. chancellor). The Secretary's offices are divided Undersecretary for F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of Mexico
The Senate of the Republic, ( es, Senado de la República) constitutionally Chamber of Senators of the Honorable Congress of the Union ( es, Cámara de Senadores del H. Congreso de la Unión), is the upper house of Mexico's bicameral Congress. It currently consists of 128 members, who serve six-year terms. History Bicameral legislature, including the Senate, was established on 4 October 1824. The Senate was abolished on 7 September 1857 and re-established on 13 November 1874. Under the regime of Porfirio Diaz or the Porfiriato, many seats were given to elites and wealthy people loyal to the regime. During the Mexican Revolution, notably during the brief Madero presidency, the senate was left intact with Porfirian sympathizers and blocked the president's attempts to pass reforms for the Revolution. Composition After a series of reforms during the 1990s, the Senate is made up of 128 senators: *Two for each of the 32 states ''elected'' under the principle of relative majori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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