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Methoxypyrazine
Methoxypyrazines are a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. The odors tend to be undesirable, as in the case of certain wines, or as defensive chemicals used by insects such as ''Harmonia axyridis'' which produces isopropyl methoxy pyrazine (IPMP). They have also been identified as additives in cigarette manufacture. Detection thresholds are very low, typically near 2 parts per trillion (1 ng/L). Examples of methoxypyrazines in wine grapes Cabernet Sauvignon has high levels of methoxypyrazines.Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'' pg 223 Harcourt Books 2001 Two methoxypyrazine compounds, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP), are considered to be important determinants of green flavours in Sauvignon blanc wines.Marais, J., Hunter, J.J., & Haasbroek, P.D. (1999). Effect of microclimate, season and region on Sauvignon blanc grape composition and wine quality. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 20, 19-30. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine
Isopropyl methoxypyrazine (IPMP) is a methoxypyrazine, a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. The odor is rather undesirable and is produced by the Asian lady beetle or by the actinomycete ''Streptomyces'' sp. It can be detected by human taste at concentrations of as low as 2 nanograms per litre. Presence in wine grapes The odor of IPMP tends to be undesirable in the case of certain wines. Cabernet Sauvignon has high levels of methoxypyrazines.Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'' pg 223 Harcourt Books 2001 Two methoxypyrazine compounds, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, are considered to be important determinants of green flavours in Sauvignon blanc wines. Presence in coffee IPMP is also an important flavour compound in coffee and is responsible for causing an off-taste called "potato taste" in East African coffee. The insects ''Antestiopsis'' are also implicated in causing the taste. See also * Alkylpyrazines References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isopropyl Methoxy Pyrazine
Isopropyl methoxypyrazine (IPMP) is a methoxypyrazine, a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. The odor is rather undesirable and is produced by the Asian lady beetle or by the actinomycete ''Streptomyces'' sp. It can be detected by human taste at concentrations of as low as 2 nanograms per litre. Presence in wine grapes The odor of IPMP tends to be undesirable in the case of certain wines. Cabernet Sauvignon has high levels of methoxypyrazines.Oz Clarke ''Encyclopedia of Grapes'' pg 223 Harcourt Books 2001 Two methoxypyrazine compounds, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, are considered to be important determinants of green flavours in Sauvignon blanc wines. Presence in coffee IPMP is also an important flavour compound in coffee and is responsible for causing an off-taste called "potato taste" in East African coffee. The insects '' Antestiopsis'' are also implicated in causing the taste. See also * Alkylpyrazine Alkylpyrazi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sauvignon Blanc
is a green-skinned grape variety that originates from the Bordeaux region of France. The grape most likely gets its name from the French words ''sauvage'' ("wild") and ''blanc'' ("white") due to its early origins as an indigenous grape in South West France. It is possibly a descendant of Savagnin. is planted in many of the world's wine regions, producing a crisp, dry, and refreshing white varietal wine. The grape is also a component of the famous dessert wines from Sauternes and Barsac. Sauvignon blanc is widely cultivated in France, Chile, Romania, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Bulgaria, the states of Oregon, Washington, and California in the US. Some New World Sauvignon blancs, particularly from California, may also be called "Fumé Blanc", a marketing term coined by Robert Mondavi in reference to Pouilly-Fumé. Depending on the climate, the flavor can range from aggressively grassy to sweetly tropical. In cooler climates, the grape has a tendency to pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IPMP
IPMP may refer to: * IP network multipathing, a facility provided by Solaris to provide fault-tolerance and load spreading for network interface cards * Thymol, a chemical compound also known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol * Isopropyl methoxy pyrazine, an aroma compound produced by the Asian lady beetle * Multipath I/O, the redundant IO technology * MPEG-4 MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was originally introduced in late 1998 as a group of audio and video coding formats and related tec ..., the Intellectual Property Management and Protection * IVS Project Management Package, a Project Management Information System {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harmonia Axyridis
''Harmonia axyridis'' is a large lady beetle or ladybug species that is most commonly known as the harlequin, multicoloured Asian, or Asian lady beetle. This is one of the most variable species in the world, with an exceptionally wide range of colour forms. It is native to eastern Asia, but has been artificially introduced to North America and Europe to control aphids and scale insects. It is now common, well known, and spreading in those regions, and has also established in Africa and widely across South America. This species is conspicuous in North America, where it may locally be known as the Halloween beetle, as it often invades homes during October to overwinter. When the species first arrived in the UK, it was labelled in jest as the "many-named ladybird" due to the great quantity of vernacular names. Among those already listed other names include multivariate, southern, Japanese, and pumpkin ladybird.Ladybird Survey page "''Harmonia axyridis'' (Pallas) in Britain" Accessed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Additives In Cigarettes
This is a list of 599 additives that could be added to tobacco cigarettes. The ABC News program ''Day One'' first released the list to the public on March 7, 1994.Timelines - Full Chronology , Inside The Tobacco Deal . ''''. It was submitted to the United States Department of Health and Human Services
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Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties. It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Australia and British Columbia, Canada to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley. Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines, where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc. From France and Spain, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Paso Robles, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawke's Bay, South Africa's Stellenbosch region, Australia's Margaret River, McLaren Vale and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua. For most of the 20th century, it was the world's most widely planted premium red wine grape until it was surpassed by Merlot in the 1990s. However, by 2015, Cabernet Sauvignon had once again become the most widely planted wine gra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alkylpyrazine
Alkylpyrazines are chemical compounds based on pyrazine with different substitution patterns. Some alkylpyrazines are naturally occurring highly aromatic substances which often have a very low odor threshold and contribute to the taste and aroma of various foods including cocoa, baked goods, coffee and wines. Alkylpyrazines are also formed during the cooking of some foods via Maillard reactions. Examples File:2-Methylpyrazine.png , 2-Methylpyrazine (found in roasted sesame) File:2,3-Dimethyl Pyrazine Structural Formula V1.svg , 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine (found in roasted sesame) File:2,5-Dimethylpyrazin V1.svg , 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine (asparagus, tea, crispbread, malt, shrimp, soy, squid, Swiss chease, bread, roasted sesame) File:Tetramethylpyrazine.PNG , 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine (nattō, fermented cocoa beans) 2-Methylpyrazine 2-Methylpyrazine was the volatile odorant found at the highest concentration in roasted sesame seed oil. 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyrazines
Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. It is a symmetrical molecule with point group D2h. Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. It is a ''"deliquescent crystal or wax-like solid with a pungent, sweet, corn-like, nutty odour"''. Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. Tetramethylpyrazine (also known as ligustrazine) is reported to scavenge superoxide anion and decrease nitric oxide production in human Granulocytes. Synthesis Many methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and its derivatives. Some of these are among the oldest synthesis reactions still in use. In the Staedel–Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis (1876), 2-chloroacetophenone is reacted with ammonia to the amino ketone, then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine. A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis (1879) also based on this selfcondensation, but differ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethers
In organic chemistry, ethers are a class of compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups. They have the general formula , where R and R′ represent the alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers can again be classified into two varieties: if the alkyl or aryl groups are the same on both sides of the oxygen atom, then it is a simple or symmetrical ether, whereas if they are different, the ethers are called mixed or unsymmetrical ethers. A typical example of the first group is the solvent and anaesthetic diethyl ether, commonly referred to simply as "ether" (). Ethers are common in organic chemistry and even more prevalent in biochemistry, as they are common linkages in carbohydrates and lignin. Structure and bonding Ethers feature bent C–O–C linkages. In dimethyl ether, the bond angle is 111° and C–O distances are 141 pm. The barrier to rotation about the C–O bonds is low. The bonding of oxygen in ethers, alcohols, and water is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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