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Mertensophryne Nairobiensis
''Mertensophryne'' is a genus of true toads (family Bufonidae). They are found in eastern and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, southeastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique. Their common names include snouted frogs, Chirinda forest toads, and forest toads. The genus is named for Robert Mertens, German zoologist and herpetologist. Taxonomy ''Mertensophryne'', as currently understood, consist of the former ''"Bufo" taitanus'' group and the genera ''Mertensophryne'' (as formerly defined) and ''Stephopaedes''. The latter is monophyletic and still recognized as a subgenus. The closest relatives of ''Mertensophryne'' remain uncertain but probably include ''Poyntonophrynus'', '' Vandijkophrynus'', and ''Capensibufo''. Description ''Mertensophryne'' lack tympanum and columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Micranotis
''Mertensophryne micranotis'' is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southeastern Kenya and eastern Tanzania, including Zanzibar and Songo Songo Island. Its natural habitats are lowland forests, dense woodlands, thickets, and the forest-miombo woodland boundaries. It is regularly seen but difficult to detect. It is probably affected by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ... caused by agriculture, wood extraction and human settlement. References micranotis Frogs of Africa Amphibians of Kenya Amphibians of Tanzania Taxa named by Arthur Loveridge Amphibians described in 1925 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Columella (auditory System)
In the auditory system, the columella contributes to hearing in amphibians, reptiles and birds. The columella form thin, bony structures in the interior of the skull and serve the purpose of transmitting sounds from the eardrum. It is an evolutionary homolog of the stapes, one of the auditory ossicles in mammals. In many species, the extracolumella is a cartilaginous structure that grows in association with the columella. During development, the columella is derived from the dorsal end of the hyoid arch. Evolution The evolution of the columella is closely related to the evolution of the jaw joint. It is an ancestral homolog of the stapes, and is derived from the hyomandibular bone of fishes. As the columella is derived from the hyomandibula, many of its functional relationships remain the same. The columella resides in the air-filled tympanic cavity of the middle ear. The footplate, or proximal end of the columella, rests in the oval window. Sound is conducted through the ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Uzunguensis
''Mertensophryne uzunguensis'', also known as the Uzungwe toad, Udzungwa toad, and Udzungwa forest toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania and found in the Udzungwa Mountains and the Southern Highlands. Its natural habitats are swampy montane grasslands. It is threatened by habitat loss caused by afforestation with pines, overgrazing, and agricultural expansion. Whether its range includes the Udzungwa Mountains National Park Udzungwa Mountains National Park is a national park in Tanzania with a size of 1,990 km2 (770 miles2). The habitats contained within the national park include tropical rainforest, mountain forest, miombo woodland, grassland and steppe. There ... is unknown. References uzunguensis Frogs of Africa Amphibians of Tanzania Endemic fauna of Tanzania Amphibians described in 1932 Taxa named by Arthur Loveridge Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Usambarae
''Mertensophryne usambarae'' (common name: Usambara forest toad) is a critically endangered species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the foothills of the East Usambara Mountains, northeastern Tanzania. Description Males measure up to and females up to in snout–vent length. The dorsum is brown with some weak marking; the ventral surface is immaculate or with some mottling. The parotoid glands are flattened. There is no tympanum. The legs are relatively short and densely covered with conical warts. Habitat and conservation ''Mertensophryne usambarae'' is a terrestrial species that inhabits lowland forests not higher than above sea level. It can also persist in mildly disturbed, selectively logged forests. Its breeding biology is unknown, but some other ''Mertensophryne'' species breed in puddles among tree roots (e.g., ''Mertensophryne anotis''), and this could apply to this species too. ''Mertensophryne usambarae'' is ecologically similar to ''Mertensophr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Taitana
''Mertensophryne taitana'' (common names: Taita toad, Black-chested dwarf toad, Taita dwarf toad, dwarf toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is found in southeastern Kenya and southward through Tanzania to southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, northern Zambia, Malawi, and adjacent Mozambique. Its natural habitats are sandy places in woodlands, grasslands, open savanna, and agricultural fields. It is an opportunistic breeder utilizing small, temporary pools, and apparently, streams. The tadpole A tadpole is the larval stage in the biological life cycle of an amphibian. Most tadpoles are fully aquatic, though some species of amphibians have tadpoles that are terrestrial. Tadpoles have some fish-like features that may not be found i ... develop very fast, reaching metamorphosis in only 13 days. This adaptable species is not believed to face any significant threats. References taitana Frogs of Africa Amphibians of the Democratic Republic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Schmidti
''Mertensophryne schmidti'' (commonly known as Schmidt's snouted frog) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Democratic Republic of the Congo and only known from the Upemba National Park. A poorly known species, it is assumed to be a Miombo savanna inhabitant. Threats to it are unknown. It is named after Karl Patterson Schmidt Karl Patterson Schmidt (June 19, 1890 – September 26, 1957) was an American herpetologist. Family Schmidt was the son of George W. Schmidt and Margaret Patterson Schmidt. George W. Schmidt was a German professor, who, at the time of Karl ..., American herpetologist. References schmidti Endemic fauna of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Miombo Amphibians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Amphibians described in 1972 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Nyikae
''Mertensophryne nyikae'' (common name: Nyika dwarf toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to the Nyika Plateau of northern Malawi and adjacent northeastern Zambia. Its natural habitats are montane forests and nearby wet, boggy grasslands at approximately asl American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language that serves as the predominant sign language of Deaf communities in the United States of America and most of Anglophone Canada. ASL is a complete and organized visual language that is express .... Breeding takes place in small, shallow pools. Although its range is mostly (possibly entirely) within relatively well managed protected areas, habitat loss remains a potential threat. References nyikae Frogs of Africa Amphibians of Malawi Amphibians of Zambia Taxa named by Arthur Loveridge Amphibians described in 1953 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Nairobiensis
''Mertensophryne'' is a genus of true toads (family Bufonidae). They are found in eastern and southern Democratic Republic of Congo to Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, southeastern Zimbabwe, and adjacent Mozambique. Their common names include snouted frogs, Chirinda forest toads, and forest toads. The genus is named for Robert Mertens, German zoologist and herpetologist. Taxonomy ''Mertensophryne'', as currently understood, consist of the former ''"Bufo" taitanus'' group and the genera ''Mertensophryne'' (as formerly defined) and ''Stephopaedes''. The latter is monophyletic and still recognized as a subgenus. The closest relatives of ''Mertensophryne'' remain uncertain but probably include ''Poyntonophrynus'', '' Vandijkophrynus'', and ''Capensibufo''. Description ''Mertensophryne'' lack tympanum and columella Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella (; Arabic: , 4 – ) was a prominent writer on agriculture in the Roman Empire. His ' in twelve volumes has been completely preserved a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Mocquardi
''Mertensophryne mocquardi'' (common names: Mocquards toad, Mocquard's toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Kenya and known from Mount Kenya, the Kinangop Plateau, and the highlands surrounding Nairobi. The specific name ''mocquardi'' refers to François Mocquard, a French herpetologist. It was put in synonymy of '' Mertensophryne lonnbergi'' in 1972, but re-validated in 1997. Description ''Mertensophryne mocquardi'' is a relatively small-sized toad. The tympanum is hidden. The canthus rostralis is angular. No bone ridges are present in the head. The parotoid glands are distinct but not always prominent; they are broad and well separated from the eyelids. The hind limbs are relatively short and have well-developed subarticular tubercles. The toes are about one-third webbed. Skin is granulate or tuberculate above and granulate below. The dorsal colouration varies from yellow to black. A light vertebral stripe is often present. Habitat and conser ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Melanopleura
''Mertensophryne melanopleura'' (common names: Kankunde toad, dark-sided toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is known from its type locality, the Upemba National Park in southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and from eastern Angola and south of Ndola in northern Zambia. Description Adult males measure and adult females in snout–vent length. The overall appearance is moderately slender. The snout is truncate. Neither tympanum nor cranial crests are present. The parotoid gland is elongate but feebly distinct. The legs are short. The finger and the toe tips are bluntly rounded. The toes have basal webbing whereas the fingers are unwebbed. Dorsal skin and the sides of the head have dense cover of flattened, round warts. The lower parts are coarsely granular. Preserved specimens are brown above, or light brown market with pairs of dark-brown bars. The flanks are blackish brown. The venter is whitish or cream, with dark mark that varies in extent a narrow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Loveridgei
The Mahenge toad or Loveridge's forest toad (''Mertensophryne loveridgei'') is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Tanzania; its common name refers to the Mahenge Plateau where it can be found. Its natural habitats are tropical forests and woodlands. It is not considered threatened by the IUCN The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN; officially International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natu .... References loveridgei Endemic fauna of Tanzania Amphibians of Tanzania Taxonomy articles created by Polbot Amphibians described in 1991 {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mertensophryne Lonnbergi
''Mertensophryne lonnbergi'' (common name: Lönnbergs toad or Lonnbergs toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Kenya and known from the highlands on both sides of the Great Rift Valley as well as from Mount Kenya Mount Kenya (Kikuyu: ''Kĩrĩnyaga'', Kamba, ''Ki Nyaa'') is the highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro. The highest peaks of the mountain are Batian (), Nelion () and Point Lenana (). Mount Kenya is locat .... Its natural habitats are montane grasslands, moorlands, and forest patches; it can survive also on agricultural land. Breeding takes place in small and shallow permanent or semi-permanent pools. It is a reasonably common species, but habitat modification could still be a threat. References lonnbergi Endemic fauna of Kenya Amphibians of Kenya Amphibians described in 1911 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Bufonidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
