McKenzie Friend
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McKenzie Friend
A McKenzie friend assists a litigant in person in a court of law in England and Wales, Hong Kong, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, New Zealand, Canada and Australia by prompting, taking notes, and quietly giving advice. They need not be legally trained or have any professional legal qualifications. The right to a McKenzie friend was established in the 1970 case of ''McKenzie v McKenzie''. Although in many cases a McKenzie friend may be an actual friend, it is often somebody with knowledge of the area and the presumption is heavily in favour of admitting a McKenzie friend into court. He or she may be liable for any misleading advice given to the litigant in person but is not covered by professional indemnity insurance. A similar, modified principle exists in Singapore. The role is distinct from that of a next friend or of an . Origin ''McKenzie v. McKenzie'' was a divorce case in England. Levine McKenzie, who was petitioning for divorce, had been legally aided but the ...
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Litigant In Person
In England and Wales, a litigant in person is an individual, company or organisation that has rights of audience (this is, the right to address the court) and is not represented in a court of England and Wales by a solicitor or barrister. Instructing a barrister and not a solicitor, for example through the Public Access Scheme, however, does not prevent the party on whose behalf the barrister had been instructed from being a litigant in person. It is possible nevertheless for litigants in England and Wales to obtain free legal advice and in some cases representation from the Citizens Advice Bureau (CAB). The term ''litigant in person'' is also used in the similar (but separate) legal systems of Irish law and Northern Irish law. The equivalent in Scotland is a party litigant and in the United States is ''pro se'' legal representation. Civil defendant The defendants in the McLibel case (''McDonald's Corporation v Steel & Morris'', 997EWHC QB 366) represented themselves in per ...
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Bar Table
A bar table is a table in a common law courtroom at which advocates sit or stand. It is generally situated between the Bench and the well of the court, where the public sit. Advocates such as barrister A barrister is a type of lawyer in common law jurisdictions. Barristers mostly specialise in courtroom advocacy and litigation. Their tasks include taking cases in superior courts and tribunals, drafting legal pleadings, researching law and ...s sit facing the Bench with their backs to the well. Usually the witness box and, if there is one, the jury box, will be to the sides of the room, between the bar table and the bench. In some jurisdictions, solicitors sit on a table behind the bar table. In others, they sit at the bar table facing the barristers and with their backs to the judge. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Bar Table Furniture Tables (furniture) ...
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Today (Singapore Newspaper)
''TODAY'' is a Singapore English-language digital news provider under Mediacorp, Singapore's largest media broadcaster and provider and the only terrestrial television broadcaster in the country. It was formerly a national free daily newspaper. At its inception, Mediacorp had a 60% stake in TODAY while, Singapore Press Holdings owned 40% of ''TODAY''. The newspaper was published and distributed from Monday to Saturday. In 2017, the two media companies announced that SPH will divest its stakes in Mediacorp Press, which publishes ''TODAY'', and Mediacorp TV, which owns Channels 5, 8, U, and Mediacorp Studio. ''TODAY'' was distributed to selected homes upon subscription and for free at MRT stations, bus interchanges, selected food and beverage outlets, shopping malls among other public areas during the morning rush hour. It had a circulation of 300,000, with more than half of its readers being professionals, managers, executives and business people. It is the second-most-read Eng ...
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National University Of Singapore
The National University of Singapore (NUS) is a national public research university in Singapore. Founded in 1905 as the Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School, NUS is the oldest autonomous university in the country. It offers degree programmes in a wide range of disciplines at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, including in the sciences, medicine and dentistry, design and environment, law, arts and social sciences, engineering, business, computing, and music. NUS is one of the most highly-ranked academic institutions in the world. It has consistently featured in the top 30 of the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings and the Times Higher Education (THE) World University Rankings, and in the top 100 of the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU). As of 2022-2023, NUS is 11th worldwide according to QS and 19th worldwide according to THE. NUS's main campus is located in the southwestern part of Singapore, adja ...
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Chan Sek Keong
Chan Sek Keong (born 5 November 1937) is a Malayan-born Singaporean retired judge who served as the third chief justice of Singapore between 2006 and 2012, appointed by President S. R. Nathan. Prior to his appointment as chief justice, he served as the country's attorney-general between 1992 and 2006. Early life and education Chan was born in 1937 in Ipoh, Malaya as the third of five children in an ethnic Chinese family of Cantonese descent. His father was a clerk in the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank. During World War II, Chan and his family fled from Ipoh to Taiping to live with his grandfather. Along with his elder brother, Chan received his early education in King Edward VII School in Taiping. When the war ended in 1945, he returned to Ipoh and continued studying at Anderson School. Chan, who was then eight years old, was placed with other children who had missed entering school at the usual age of six years. At the time, Anderson School was the premier government school ...
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Chief Justice Of Singapore
The chief justice of Singapore is the chief justice, presiding member of the Supreme Court of Singapore. It is the highest post in the judicial system of Singapore, appointed by the President of Singapore, president, chosen from the candidates recommended by the Prime Minister of Singapore, prime minister. The incumbent chief justice is Sundaresh Menon. History Prior to 1963 the Chief Justice was appointed by the Governors of the respective British colonies. Prior to 1867 the role of the Chief Justice was with the Recorders of the respective British colonies in the area (Penang, Malacca and Singapore). List of chief justices (1965–present) Chief Justices of the Republic of Singapore List of chief justices (1867–1965) Chief Justices of the Straits Settlements Chief Justices of the Colony of Singapore Chief Justices of the State of Singapore See also * Attorney-General of Singapore External links List of former judges
Lists of judges, Singapore Chief j ...
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Judicial System Of Singapore
The judiciary in Singapore is divided by the Constitution of Singapore into the Supreme Court and its subordinate courts, namely the State Courts and Family Justice Courts. It is led by the Chief Justice, currently Sundaresh Menon. Singapore practices the common law legal system, where the decisions of higher courts constitute binding precedent upon courts of equal or lower status within their jurisdiction, as opposed to the civil law legal system in the continental Europe. The current criminal code was preceded by the Indian Penal Code which was adopted when Singapore was a crown colony. History Jury trials were abolished in 1969 and the Criminal Procedure Code was amended in 1992 to allow for trials of capital offences to be heard before a single judge. The Court of Appeal is Singapore's final court of appeal after the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London was abolished in April 1994. The president has the power to grant pardons on the a ...
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National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Committee
The National Alternative Dispute Resolution Advisory Council (NADRAC) was an Australian independent body that provided policy advice about alternative dispute resolution (ADR) to the Attorney-General of Australia. NADRAC was established in October 1995 and concluded in late 2013. NADRAC's functions were laid down by its charter. NADRAC was an independent non-statutory body, with funding provided through the Australian Government Attorney-General's Department. It provided expert policy advice to the Attorney-General on the development of ADR and promoted the use of alternative dispute resolution. The body concluded its work following the government decision to simplify and streamline government business. NADRAC made substantial contributions to the development and promotion of ADR in Australia, publishing reports and papers on the topic. Council members * Jeremy Gormly SC (chair) * Professor Nadja Alexander * Dr Andrew Bickerdike * Mr David Fredericks * Ms Dianne Gibson * The ...
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Queensland
) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_date = Colony of Queensland , established_title2 = Separation from New South Wales , established_date2 = 6 June 1859 , established_title3 = Federation , established_date3 = 1 January 1901 , named_for = Queen Victoria , demonym = , capital = Brisbane , largest_city = capital , coordinates = , admin_center_type = Administration , admin_center = 77 local government areas , leader_title1 = Monarch , leader_name1 = Charles III , leader_title2 = Governor , leader_name2 = Jeannette Young , leader_title3 = Premier , leader_name3 = Annastacia Palaszczuk ( ALP) , legislature = Parliament of Queensland , judiciary = Supreme Court of Queensland , national_representation = Parliament of Australia , national_representation_type ...
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King's Counsel
In the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries, a King's Counsel ( post-nominal initials KC) during the reign of a king, or Queen's Counsel (post-nominal initials QC) during the reign of a queen, is a lawyer (usually a barrister or advocate) who is typically a senior trial lawyer. Technically appointed by the monarch of the country to be one of 'His erMajesty's Counsel learned in the law', the position originated in England and Wales. Some Commonwealth countries have either abolished the position, or renamed it so as to remove monarchical connotations, for example, 'Senior counsel' or 'Senior Advocate'. Appointment as King's Counsel is an office, conferred by the Crown, that is recognised by courts. Members have the privilege of sitting within the inner bar of court. As members wear silk gowns of a particular design (see court dress), appointment as King's Counsel is known informally as ''receiving, obtaining,'' or ''taking silk'' and KCs are often colloquially ca ...
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Order Of Australia
The Order of Australia is an honour that recognises Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement and service. It was established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, on the advice of the Australian Government. Before the establishment of the order, Australian citizens received British honours. The Monarch of Australia is sovereign head of the order, while the Governor-General of Australia is the principal companion/dame/knight (as relevant at the time) and chancellor of the order. The governor-general's official secretary, Paul Singer (appointed August 2018), is secretary of the order. Appointments are made by the governor-general on behalf of the Monarch of Australia, based on recommendations made by the Council of the Order of Australia. Recent knighthoods and damehoods were recommended to the governor-general by the Prime Minister of Australia. Levels of membership The order is divided into a general and a military division. ...
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The Times
''The Times'' is a British daily national newspaper based in London. It began in 1785 under the title ''The Daily Universal Register'', adopting its current name on 1 January 1788. ''The Times'' and its sister paper ''The Sunday Times'' (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News UK, in turn wholly owned by News Corp. ''The Times'' and ''The Sunday Times'', which do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1966. In general, the political position of ''The Times'' is considered to be centre-right. ''The Times'' is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, such as ''The Times of India'', ''The New York Times'', and more recently, digital-first publications such as TheTimesBlog.com (Since 2017). In countries where these other titles are popular, the newspaper is often referred to as , or as , although the newspaper is of nationa ...
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