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Max Goldstein
Max Goldstein (1898–1924), also known as Coca, was a Romanian revolutionary, variously described as a communist and an anarchist. Born in Bârlad to a Jewish family, he worked as a clerk for two years. He later moved to Bucharest in 1916, where he became a Communist sympathizer. Sentenced to 10 years in prison, he escaped and fled to Odessa (part of Imperial Russia at the time), returning with money and new instructions. He lost a hand, presumably while doing experiments with explosives, and replaced it with a hook, being known to the police as the "man with the hook"."Atentatul de la Senatul României, o piesă in dosarul comuniÅŸtilor" ("Assassination at the Romanian Senate, an item in the dossier of the Communists"), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shell (projectile)
A shell, in a military context, is a projectile whose payload contains an explosive, incendiary, or other chemical filling. Originally it was called a bombshell, but "shell" has come to be unambiguous in a military context. Modern usage sometimes includes large solid kinetic projectiles that is properly termed shot. Solid shot may contain a pyrotechnic compound if a tracer or spotting charge is used. All explosive- and incendiary-filled projectiles, particularly for mortars, were originally called ''grenades'', derived from the French word for pomegranate, so called because of the similarity of shape and that the multi-seeded fruit resembles the powder-filled, fragmentizing bomb. Words cognate with ''grenade'' are still used for an artillery or mortar projectile in some European languages. Shells are usually large-caliber projectiles fired by artillery, armored fighting vehicles (e.g. tanks, assault guns, and mortar carriers), warships, and autocannons. The shape ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gheorghe Cristescu
Gheorghe Cristescu (October 10, 1882 in Copaciu, Giurgiu County – November 29, 1973 in Timișoara) was a Romanian socialist and, for a part of his life, communist militant. Nicknamed "Plăpumarul" ("The Blanket Maker"), he is also occasionally referred to as "Omul cu lavaliera roșie" ("The man with the red four-in-hand necktie"), after the most notable of his accessories. Biography Early activism Born in Copaciu (at the time part of Ilfov County, presently in Giurgiu County), Cristescu trained as a blanket-maker and became the owner of a blanket-making shop. Active in socialist circles as early as 1898, he soon became a leading member of the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party (up to 1899, when the Party disbanded). In 1900, he joined the leadership of the only surviving group of the Party, its Bucharest socialist circle, ''România Muncitoare'' (led by Christian Rakovsky).Ornea, p.522 Up until the creation of a Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR) on January 31, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dealul Spirii
Dealul Spirii (, ''Spirea's Hill'') is a hill in Bucharest, Romania, upon which the Palace of the Parliament (formerly known as ''House of the People'') is now located. Spirii Hill Initially a vineyard known as ''Dealul LupeÈ™tilor'', the hill was rebaptised after a doctor Spiridon Kristofi (also known as "Spirea"), who founded in 1765 the fortified ''Spirea Veche'' church; the latter was demolished in 1984 to build the ''House of the People''. Also on the hill were found the ruins of Curtea Nouă ("New Court"), the princely residence which was built in 1776 by Alexander Ypsilantis, Prince of Wallachia, to replace Curtea Veche. It was built together with a large wine cellar, still in use during the 1900s. Curtea Nouă was the official residence of the Phanariotes until 1812, when it burnt down — it was since known as ''Curtea Arsă'' ("Burnt Court"), the ruins being razed completely in 1986. In July 1818, Dealul Spirii saw the rising of a hot air balloon, an event wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dealul Spirii Trial
Dealul Spirii Trial (Romanian: ''Procesul din Dealul Spirii'') was a political trial conducted by a military tribunal in the Kingdom of Romania. 271 members of the Communist Party of Romania were accused of treason after voting for the inclusion of the party into the Third International. The defendants were convicted and later pardoned. The trial was the first step of the repression of communists in the Kingdom of Romania. Less than two years after the trial, the parliament voted a total ban of the Communist Party and communist ideology; for the next two decades, the government enforced a violent repression against the communists and labour unions. A number of politicians and intellectuals, including Nicolae Iorga, Dem I. Dobrescu, and Iuliu Maniu voiced their discontent over the lack of constitutional basis for the trial. Arrests On May 12, 1921, the last day of the Congress of the Romanian Socialist-Communist Party, the party leaders (including Gheorghe Cristescu, Moscu Kohn, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Communist Party
The Romanian Communist Party ( ro, Partidul Comunist Român, , PCR) was a communist party in Romania. The successor to the pro-Bolshevik wing of the Socialist Party of Romania, it gave ideological endorsement to a communist revolution that would replace the social system of the Kingdom of Romania. After being outlawed in 1924, the PCR remained a minor and illegal grouping for much of the interwar period and submitted to direct Comintern control. During the 1920s and the 1930s, most of its activists were imprisoned or took refuge in the Soviet Union, which led to the creation of competing factions that at times came in open conflict. That did not prevent the party from participating in the political life of the country through various front organizations, most notably the Peasant Workers' Bloc. During the mid 1930s, as a result of the purges against the Iron Guard, the party was on the road to achieving power, but this was crushed by the dictatorship of king Carol II. In the perio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Socialist Party Of Romania
The Socialist Party of Romania ( ro, Partidul Socialist din România, commonly known as ''Partidul Socialist'', PS) was a Romanian socialist political party, created on December 11, 1918 by members of the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR), after the latter emerged from clandestinity. Through its PSDR legacy, the PS maintained a close connection with the local labor movement and was symbolically linked to the first local socialist group, the Romanian Social-Democratic Workers' Party. Its creation coincided with the establishment of Greater Romania in the wake of World War I; after May 1919, it began a process of fusion with the social democratic groups of in the former territories of Austria-Hungary — the Social Democratic Parties of Transylvania, Banat and Bukovina. The parties adopted a common platform in October 1920. Progressively influenced by Leninism, the PS became divided between a maximalist majority supporting Bolshevik guidelines and a reformist-minded min ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alecu Constantinescu
Alexandru "Alecu" Constantinescu (March 10, 1872 – March 28, 1949) was Romanian trade unionist, journalist and socialist and pacifist militant, one of the major advocates of the transformation of the Romanian socialist movement into a communist one. Early life Constantinescu was born in Bucharest, Romania's capital, in the family of tailor Ion Constantinescu. He enrolled in highschool, however due to financial problems he was forced to abandon it and work as an apprentice in an upholstery workshops. During this period he became acquainted with socialist ideas through the works of the early Romanian socialists Constantin Dobrogeanu Gherea, Anton Bacalbaşa and Constantin Mille. In the 1890s he became a founder of one of the earliest Romanian trade unions, the ''Professional Association of Upholsterers'', and later joined the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party (PSDMR). However he soon grew disillusioned with the party leadership, and began attacking it for what he considere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantin Coandă
Constantin Coandă (4 March 1857 – 30 September 1932) was a Romanian soldier and politician. Biography Constantin Coandă was born in Craiova. He reached the rank of general in the Romanian Army, and later became a mathematics professor at the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest. Among his seven children was Henri Coandă, the discoverer of the Coandă effect. During World War I, for a short time (24 October – 29 November 1918), he was the Prime Minister of Romania and the Foreign Affairs Minister. He participated in the signing of the Treaty of Neuilly between the Allies of World War I and Bulgaria. On 8 December 1920, during his term as President of the Senate of Romania (representing Alexandru Averescu's People's Party), he was badly wounded by a bomb set up by the terrorist and anarchist Max Goldstein. Military functions * Platoon commander in the 1st Artillery Regiment (1877 – 1883) * Positions in military education at the Bucharest School ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirea Gheorghiu
''Spiraea'' , sometimes spelled spirea in common names, and commonly known as meadowsweets or steeplebushes, is a genus of about 80 to 100 species''Spiraea''. Flora of China. of s in the family . They are native to the temperate , with the greatest diversity in eastern Asia. The genus formerly included the herbaceous species now segr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetriu Radu
Demetriu Radu (26 October 1861 – 8 December 1920) was between 1897 and 1903 the Greek Catholic Bishop of Lugoj, and from 1903 to 1920 the Greek Catholic Bishop of Oradea Mare. Origins and studies Demetriu Radu was born of peasant parents in Tâmpăhaza (present-day RădeÈ™ti, Alba County, then in Alsó-Fehér County), south of Aiud. He was educated by Franciscans in Aiud and in high school in Blaj. In 1879 Radu was sent to Rome to study at St. Athanasius Institute and the College of Propaganda Fide. In Rome he studied for six years, at the end of which he obtained his Ph.D. in theology. The Greek Catholic clergy In 1885 Radu was ordained priest in Rome. After ordination, Radu went to Bucharest as a parish priest of the Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek Catholic. In Bucharest he was appointed by the Archbishop Paul Joseph Palma professor of the Theological Seminary, then director of the Archdiocesan Seminary in Bucharest, which had been recently created, and gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
