|
Maurice Audin
Maurice Audin (14 February 1932 – c. 21 June 1957) was a renowned French mathematics assistant at the University of Algiers, a member of the Algerian Communist Party and an activist in the anticolonialist cause, who died under torture by the French state during the Battle of Algiers. In the centre of Algiers, beside the university, the intersection of streets bearing the names of several other heroes of the Algerian Revolution is called the Place Maurice-Audin. He is also memorialized by the Maurice Audin Prize, sponsored by the Société de Mathématiques Appliquées et Industrielles, the Société Mathématique de France, and others, and granted biennially to an Algerian mathematician working in Algeria and a French mathematician working in France. Family and childhood He is the son of Louis Audin (1900-1977) and Alphonsine Fort (1902-1989), who married in 1923 in Koléa (Algeria); they both came from modest families, he from Lyon workers, she from peasants from the Mitidj ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Béja
Béja ( ar, باجة ') is a city in Tunisia. It is the capital of the Béja Governorate. It is located from Tunis, between the Medjerdah River and the Mediterranean, against the foothills of the Khroumire, the town of Béja is situated on the sides of Djebel Acheb, facing the greening meadows, its white terraces and red roofs dominated by the imposing ruins of the old Roman Empire, Roman fortress. History Etymology Classical era period The city endured brutal assaults by the Carthage, Carthaginians, the Numidians, the Ancient Rome, Romans, and, later on, by the Vandals. The Numidian king Jugurtha made the town his governing headquarters. Originally the town was named Waga, which became Vacca and then Vaga under the Romans and eventually Baja under the Arabs and Béja under the French occupation of Tunisia, French. The Romans destroyed the old Carthaginian citadel and replaced it with a new one; they built fortifications that are still standing today. Under the Roma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elementary Mathematics
Elementary mathematics consists of mathematics topics frequently taught at the primary or secondary school levels. In the Canadian curriculum, there are six basic strands in Elementary Mathematics: Number, Algebra, Data, Spatial Sense, Financial Literacy, and Social emotional learning skills and math processes. These six strands are the focus of Mathematics education from grade 1 through grade 8. In secondary school, the main topics in elementary mathematics from grade nine until grade ten are: Number Sense and algebra, Linear Relations, Measurement and Geometry. Once students enter grade eleven and twelve students begin university and college preparation classes, which include: Functions, Calculus & Vectors, Advanced Functions, and Data Management. Strands of elementary mathematics Number Sense and Numeration Number Sense is an understanding of numbers and operations. In the 'Number Sense and Numeration' strand students develop an understanding of numbers by being taught ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Army
The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (french: Armée de Terre, ), is the land-based and largest component of the French Armed Forces. It is responsible to the Government of France, along with the other components of the Armed Forces. The current Chief of Staff of the French Army (CEMAT) is General , a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA). General Schill is also responsible to the Ministry of the Armed Forces for organization, preparation, use of forces, as well as planning and programming, equipment and Army future acquisitions. For active service, Army units are placed under the authority of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA), who is responsible to the President of France for planning for, and use of forces. All French soldiers are considered professionals, following the suspension of French military conscription, voted in parliament in 1997 and made effective in 2001. , the French Army employed 118,600 personnel (including the Fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe Erulin
Philippe Louis Edmé Marie François Erulin (5 July 193226 September 1979) was a senior officer in the French Army. He came from a family of renowned officers and military traditions. He is best known as the Colonel Commandant of the 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment 2e REP, who directed the military intervention in Zaïre against the Katanga rebels responsible for several massacres. It was the success in the Battle of Kolwezi which resulted in the liberation of the majority of the Katanga rebels' hostages. However, Erulin was later accused of having used torture during the Algeria War; an accusation that remains unsubstantiated and controversial. Biography Family His grandfather, Lieutenant-colonel Louis-Joseph Erulin, as well as his father, Lieutenant-colonel André Erulin, were both officers, both having graduated from Saint-Cyr, having each served in a World War. His father received the Croix de Guerre 1939-1945, Croix de guerre des théâtres d'opérations extérieures, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Teitgen
Paul Teitgen (6 February 1919 – 13 October 1991) was a '' résistant'' and political prisoner during the Second World War. Later, he was the Police Prefect of Algiers during the Algerian War, where he was notable for his opposition to the widespread torture committed by the French Army. Early life Teitgen was born in Colombe-lès-Vesoul, son of Henri (an employee of L'Impartial before the war, after he became a lawyer), brother to Pierre Henri Teitgen and one of seven, growing up in Nancy. World War II During the war Teitgen, his father and brother all joined the French Resistance and were deported by the Nazis. He was imprisoned in Dachau Concentration Camp and tortured nine times. Career After the war he joined the first class of the École nationale d'administration. After graduation he became sub-Prefect and then in 1955 secretary general of the Marne. In August 1956, Teitgen was appointed Police Perfect of Algiers. In November 1956 he refused to condone the torture ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
10th Parachute Division (France)
The 10th Parachute Division ( French: 10e Division Parachutiste, 10e D.P) was a formation of the French Army, part of the French Airborne Units. It consisted predominantly of infantry troops, and specialized in airborne combat and air assault. Established in 1956, it fought primarily in the Suez Crisis and the Algerian War. It was dissolved immediately after the Algiers putsch of 1961. Composition On July 1, 1956, the 10e D.P. is created with the following units: *Support: **60th Headquarters company (60e CGQ) **60th Transmission company of (60e CT) **Platoon of Army Light Aviation (ALAT) **Transport group n°507 (GT 507) ** 60th Airborne Engineers Company ( 60e CGAP) **60th Divisional Maintenance company (60e CRD) **405th Medical company (405e CM) **60th Military logistics section (60e SRI) *Airborne infantry: **1st Foreign Parachute Regiment ( 1er REP) **1st Parachute Chasseur Regiment ( 1er RCP), replaced by the 9th Parachute Chasseur Regiment ( 9e RCP) in April 1960 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Massu
Jacques Émile Massu (; 5 May 1908 – 26 October 2002) was a French general who fought in World War II, the First Indochina War, the Algerian War and the Suez crisis. He led French troops in the Battle of Algiers, first supporting and later denouncing their use of torture. Early life Jacques Massu was born in Châlons-sur-Marne to a family of military officers; his father was an artillery officer. He studied successively at Saint-Louis de Gonzague in Paris, the Free College of Gien (1919–1925) and Prytanée National Militaire (1926–1928). He then entered Saint-Cyr and graduated in 1930 as a second lieutenant in the promotion class "Marshal Foch" and chose the Colonial Infantry. Between October, 1930 and August, 1931, he served in the 16th Senegalese Tirailleur Regiment (16th RTS) in Cahors. He was sent to Morocco with the 5th RTS and took part in the fighting around Tafilalt where he earned his first citation. He was promoted to lieutenant in October 1932 and took part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Algiers (1956–1957)
The Battle of Algiers was a campaign of urban guerrilla warfare carried out by the National Liberation Front (FLN) against the French Algerian authorities from late 1956 to late 1957. The conflict began with attacks by the FLN against the French forces followed by a terrorist attack on Algerian civilians in Algiers by a group of Pieds-Noirs (European settlers), aided by the police. Reprisals followed and the violence escalated, which lead the French Governor-General to deploy the French Army in Algiers to suppress the FLN. Civilian authorities gave full powers to General Jacques Massu who, operating outside the legal framework between January and September 1957, eliminated the FLN from Algiers. The use of torture, forced disappearances and illegal executions by the French later caused controversy in France. Background In March 1955, Rabah Bitat, head of the FLN in Algiers, was arrested by the French. Abane Ramdane, recently freed from prison, was sent from Kabylie to take the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Larbi Bouhali
Larbi Bouhali ( ar, العربي بوهالي, born 1912, in El Kantara)Cheurfi, Achour. La classe politique algérienne: de 1900 à nos jours : dictionnaire biographique'. Alger: Casbah éditions, 2006. p. 118 was an Algerian communist politician. Bouhali served as general secretary of the Algerian Communist Party. Born in El Kantara, Bouhali hailed from an Arab peasant family.Moine, André, and Léon Feix. La Déportation et la Résistance en Afrique du Nord: 1939–1944'. Paris: Editions sociales, 1972. p. 216 In 1934 he travelled to Moscow, where he received political training for 9 months. Bouhali took part in the founding congress of the Algerian Communist Party in 1936. In 1939 he was named secretary of the Algerian People's Aid (''Secours populaire algerien''), an organization dedicated to assisting victims of colonial repression. In 1940 Bouhali, along with other Communist Party leaders, was imprisoned and deported to the Sahara. He was detained at the Djenien-Bou-Rezg con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Front (Algeria)
The National Liberation Front ( ar, جبهة التحرير الوطني ''Jabhatu l-Taḥrīri l-Waṭanī''; french: Front de libération nationale, FLN) is a nationalist political party in Algeria. It was the principal nationalist movement during the Algerian War and the sole legal and ruling political party of the Algerian state until other parties were legalised in 1989. The FLN was established in 1954 from a split in the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties from members of the Special Organisation paramilitary; its armed wing, the National Liberation Army, participated in the Algerian War from 1954 to 1962. After the Évian Accords of 1962, the party purged internal dissent and ruled Algeria as a one-party state. After the 1988 October Riots and the Algerian Civil War (1991–2002) against Islamist groups, the FLN was reelected to power in the 2002 Algerian legislative election, and has generally remained in power ever since, although sometimes needing to for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
