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Matthias Vehe
Matthias Vehe known as Glirius (c.1545-1590) was a German Protestant religious radical, who converted to a form of Judaism and anti-trinitarianism, rejecting the ''New Testament'' as revelation. The identity of Vehe and the writer Glirius, who published ''Mattanjah'' (Knowledge of God, 1578) in Cologne, was established by G. E. Lessing. The history of the group including Vehe has been reconsidered by recent scholarship. Life He was born in Ballenberg, and brought up in Königshofen. He studied at the University of Heidelberg, and at the University of Rostock under David Chytræus. He was arrested by the local Church Council with others in 1570, as a dissenter from the Calvinism being introduced by the Elector Palatine. He was at that time deacon at Kaiserslautern. Adam Neuser, later a convert to Islam, eventually escaped with help from Simon Grynaeus. Johannes Sylvan was executed, in 1572. Two others involved were Jacob Suter and Johann Hasler. He took refuge in Transylva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Judaism
Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in the Middle East during the Bronze Age. Modern Judaism evolved from Yahwism, the religion of ancient Israel and Judah, by the late 6th century BCE, and is thus considered to be one of the oldest monotheistic religions. Judaism is considered by religious Jews to be the expression of the covenant that God established with the Israelites, their ancestors. It encompasses a wide body of texts, practices, theological positions, and forms of organization. The Torah, as it is commonly understood by Jews, is part of the larger text known as the ''Tanakh''. The ''Tanakh'' is also known to secular scholars of religion as the Hebrew Bible, and to Christians as the " Old Testament". The Torah's supplemental oral tradition is represented by later texts s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Johann Hasler
Johann Hasler (born 1548, died after 1602), also known as Haslerus, was a 16th-century Swiss Theology, theologian and physician. He is known for his association with a group of antitrinitarians including Johann Sylvan and Adam Neuser and for developing Galen's concept of heat and cold into the idea of a scale of temperature. Biography Johann Hasler was born in December 1548 at Oberdiessbach in the Canton (country subdivision), canton of Bern. After attending the municipal school he studied at the University of Basel (1565-8), and then the University of Heidelberg where he arrived in the Summer of 1568. While in Heidelberg he was in contact with Thomas Erastus and Johann Sylvan. His assistance to Sylvan, including acting as a courier and transcribing manuscripts led to his arrest and imprisonment in 1570 on suspicion of complicity. As it was judged that he was acting in ignorance, he was recalled to Bern, where he presented a written confession and received a caution. Sylvan was late ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
16th-century Converts To Judaism
The 16th century begins with the Julian year 1501 ( MDI) and ends with either the Julian or the Gregorian year 1600 ( MDC) (depending on the reckoning used; the Gregorian calendar introduced a lapse of 10 days in October 1582). The 16th century is regarded by historians as the century which saw the rise of Western civilization and the Islamic gunpowder empires. The Renaissance in Italy and Europe saw the emergence of important artists, authors and scientists, and led to the foundation of important subjects which include accounting and political science. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric universe, which was met with strong resistance, and Tycho Brahe refuted the theory of celestial spheres through observational measurement of the 1572 appearance of a Milky Way supernova. These events directly challenged the long-held notion of an immutable universe supported by Ptolemy and Aristotle, and led to major revolutions in astronomy and science. Galileo Galilei became a champion of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1590 Deaths
Year 159 (CLIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time in Roman territories, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Quintillus and Priscus (or, less frequently, year 912 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 159 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place India * In India, the reign of Shivashri Satakarni, as King Satavahana of Andhra, begins. Births * December 30 – Lady Bian, wife of Cao Cao (d. 230) * Annia Aurelia Fadilla, daughter of Marcus Aurelius * Gordian I, Roman emperor (d. 238) * Lu Zhi, Chinese general (d. 192) Deaths * Liang Ji, Chinese general and regent * Liang Nüying Liang Nüying () (died 159), formally Empress Yixian (懿獻皇后, literally "the meek and wise empress") was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was Emperor Huan of Han, Emper ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1545 Births
Year 1545 ( MDXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events January–June * February 22 – A firman of the Ottoman Empire is issued for the dethronement of Radu Paisie as Prince of Wallachia. * February 27 – Battle of Ancrum Moor: The Scots are victorious over numerically superior English forces. * March 24 – At a diet in Worms, Germany, summoned by Pope Paul III, the German Protestant princes demand a national religious settlement for Germany. Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V refuses. *April 1 – Potosí is founded by the Spanish as a mining town after the discovery of huge silver deposits in this area of modern-day Bolivia. Silver mined from Huayna Potosí Mountain provides most of the wealth on which the Spanish Empire is based until its fall in the early 19th century. * June 13 – Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez sets out to navigate the northern coast of New Gui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faustus Socinus
Fausto Paolo Sozzini, also known as Faustus Socinus ( pl, Faust Socyn; 5 December 1539 – 4 March 1604), was an Italian theologian and, alongside his uncle Lelio Sozzini, founder of the Non-trinitarian Christian belief system known as Socinianism. His doctrine was developed among the Polish Brethren in the Polish Reformed Church during the 16th and 17th centuries and embraced by the Unitarian Church of Transylvania during the same period. His 1570 treatise ''De auctoritate scripturae sacrae'' (published in English in 1732, as ''A demonstration of the truth of the Christian religion, from the Latin of Socinius'') was highly influential on Remonstrant thinkers such as Simon Episcopius, who drew on Sozzini's arguments for viewing the scriptures as historical texts. Life Sozzini was born in Siena, the only son of Alessandro Sozzini and Agnese Petrucci, daughter of Borghese Petrucci b.1490, and granddaughter of Pandolfo Petrucci. His father Alessandro Sozzini, oldest of eleven brot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szekler Sabbatarians
The Szekler Sabbatarians (in Transylvanian Saxon: (Siebenbürgen) Sambatianer; in German: Siebenbürgische Sabbatianer; in Hungarian: Szombatosok, zombatosok, sabbatariusok, zsidózók, Şomrei Sabat) were a religious group in Transylvania and Hungary between the sixteenth and nineteenth centuries who held Unitarian and judaizing beliefs. History The Magyar Sabbatarians arose among Transylvanian Unitarians, led by the Matthias Vehe's followers András Eőssi and Simon Péchi who founded the Sabbatarians 1588, after Ferenc Dávid died in prison and the Unitarian church formalised on a non-Sabbatarian line. Initially they believed Jesus to be the messiah, but a human rather than divine messiah. Gradually they passed to read only the Old Testament and to celebrate Torah's feasts, follow dietary laws, and a strict observance of seventh-day Sabbath, but not circumcision. Most of their followers were of Székely ethnicity and had experienced periods of tolerance and persecution. On ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simon Péchi
Chancellor Simon Péchi (1575–1642) was a Hungarian Székely official, and wealthy supporter of Matthias Vehe and nobleman András Eőssi's Szekler Sabbatarians movement in Transylvania. The influence of Péchi's Sabbatarian prayer book contributed to the conversion of around twenty thousand Székelys to Sabbatarianism in the late sixteenth century. Samuel Kohn Samuel Kohn (1841–1920) was a Hungarian rabbi in Budapest from 1866 to 1905, time he was the Chief Rabbi of Budapest. He is remembered today as the author of ''A szombatosok, történetök, dogmatikájok és irodalmok'' ("The Sabbatarians: a com ..., Chief Rabbi of Budapest, and the first scholar to take an interest in the Sabbatarians among the Transylvanian unitarians, published a biography of Péchi as part of his studies in 1899. Works * Atyák mondásai — Pirqé ávotLouise Olga Vasvári, Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek ''Imre Kertész and Holocaust literature'' 2005 Page 331 "Her translations from the Hebrew in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
András Eőssi
András Eőssi (died ca. 1598-1602) of Szenterzsébet (Romanian Eliseni), in Harghita, was a Székely nobleman in Transylvania who founded the Szekler Sabbatarians sect. Eőssi came into contact with Matthias Vehe and, after the death of Ferenc Dávid in 1579, set up the Sabbatarian branch of the Transylvanian Unitarians. He was an autodidact, with followers including Simon Péchi and the Unitarian Miklós Bogáthi Fazekas. The first major study on this group was published in Hungarian in 1899 by Samuel Kohn Samuel Kohn (1841–1920) was a Hungarian rabbi in Budapest from 1866 to 1905, time he was the Chief Rabbi of Budapest. He is remembered today as the author of ''A szombatosok, történetök, dogmatikájok és irodalmok'' ("The Sabbatarians: a com ....Heinrich Graetz, Miksa Szabolesi, Samuel Kohn '' A zsidók egyetemes története'' - 1908 "A község földesura, Eőssi András meghivta gyermekei mellé nevelőül. Az özvegységre jutott beteg ember rábizta nemcsak gyermekei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian Francken
Christian Francken (Gardelegen c.1550 - Rome? after 1610) was a former Jesuit who became an anti-Trinitarian writer. In 1577 Francken left his position as professor of the Jesuit college in Vienna and commenced the publication from Basel and La Rochelle of many tracts against the order. François Du Jon in 1584 wrote his ''Defensio catholicae doctrinae de s. trinitate personarum in unitate essentiae Dei, adversus Samosatenicos errores'' against Francken. Francken's printer was arrested in Poland. On July 9, 1587, Franken was in Prague and introduced to John Dee. Later, on Oct.13 1592, Dee would show Franken's book of "blasphemie" (Poland 1585) to John Whitgift, the Archbishop of Canterbury, desiring it be confuted. Francken worked alongside Francis David, Johannes Sommer, Jacob Palaeologus as lector at the Unitarian Gymnasium in Cluj (German: Klausenburg, Hungarian: Kolozsvár, Latin: Claudiopolis) in 1585 and between 1589 and 1591. He published two works in Prague in 1595. In 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobus Palaeologus
Jacob Palaeologus or Giacomo da Chio ( – March 23, 1585) was a Dominican friar who renounced his religious vows and became an antitrinitarian theologian. An indefatigable polemicist against both Calvinism and Papal Power, Palaeologus cultivated a wide range of high-placed contacts and correspondents in the imperial, royal, and aristocratic households in Eastern Europe and the Ottoman Empire; while formulating and propagating a radically heterodox version of Christianity, in which Jesus Christ was not to be invoked in worship, and where purported irreconcilable differences between Christianity, Islam, and Judaism were rejected as spurious fabrications. He was continually pursued by his many enemies, repeatedly escaping through his many covert supporters. Palaeologus played an active role in the high politics of European religion and diplomacy over a period of twenty years before he lost imperial favour; and having been extradited to the Papal States, was executed for heresy b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferenc Dávid
Ferenc Dávid (also rendered as ''Francis David'' or ''Francis Davidis''; born as Franz David Hertel, c. 1520 – 15 November 1579) was a Unitarian preacher from Transylvania, the founder of the Unitarian Church of Transylvania, and the leading figure of the Nontrinitarian movements during the Protestant Reformation. Studying Catholic theology in Wittenberg and in Frankfurt an der Oder and first as a Catholic priest, later a Lutheran and then a Calvinist bishop in the Principality of Transylvania, he learnt the teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic and the Protestant churches, but later rejected several of them and came to embrace Unitarianism. He disputed the Christian view on the Holy Trinity, believing God to be one and indivisible. Life Early life Ferenc Dávid was born in Kolozsvár, Hungary (present-day Cluj-Napoca, Romania), to a Transylvanian Saxon father (David Hertel, who worked as a tanner) and to a Hungarian mother. The Hertel/Herthel family was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
