|
Maternity In The United Kingdom
Since the National Insurance Act 1911 there has been state involvement in provision of maternity services in the United Kingdom. History Maternity hospitals in the UK can be traced back to the 18th century. In 1939 there were about 2,100 maternity beds in London. Most women gave birth at home. At the outbreak of war most of these beds were closed and women were encouraged to leave the capital to give birth. Travel expenses were paid and 14 shillings a day for the five weeks lying in. The V-weapons, V bombing in 1944 led to the further evacuation of London hospitals. About 750 mothers every week were evacuated and emergency maternity homes were established in the countryside. Even after August 1945 200-300 women a week were leaving London to have their babies. National funding was withdrawn from 31 August 1945 but the London County Council continued to pay for the use of emergency maternity homes for women who could not have their babies at home. These arrangements appeared to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Insurance Act 1911
The National Insurance Act 1911 created National Insurance, originally a system of health insurance for industrial workers in Great Britain based on contributions from employers, the government, and the workers themselves. It was one of the foundations of the modern welfare state. It also provided unemployment insurance for designated cyclical industries. It formed part of the wider social welfare reforms of the Liberal Governments of 1906–1915, led by Henry Campbell-Bannerman and H. H. Asquith. David Lloyd George, the Liberal Chancellor of the Exchequer, was the prime moving force behind its design, negotiations with doctors and other interest groups, and final passage, assisted by Home Secretary Winston Churchill. Background Lloyd George followed the example of Germany, which under Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had provided compulsory national insurance against sickness from 1884. After visiting Germany in 1908, Lloyd George said in his 1909 Budget speech that Britain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maternity Action
] A mother is the female parent of a child. A woman may be considered a mother by virtue of having given birth, by raising a child who may or may not be her biological offspring, or by supplying her ovum for fertilisation in the case of gestational surrogacy. An adoptive mother is a female who has become the child's parent through the legal process of adoption. A biological mother is the female genetic contributor to the creation of the infant, through sexual intercourse or egg donation. A biological mother may have legal obligations to a child not raised by her, such as an obligation of monetary support. A putative mother is a female whose biological relationship to a child is alleged but has not been established. A stepmother is a woman who is married to a child's father and they may form a family unit, but who generally does not have the legal rights and responsibilities of a parent in relation to the child. A father is the male counterpart of a mother. Women who are pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Statutory Maternity Pay
Statutory Maternity Pay is an employee benefit, part of the provision of parental leave in the United Kingdom. Main conditions The mother must have been working for the same employer for six months continuously in the week 14 weeks before the baby is due, i.e. in the same employment when the baby was conceived. For the last eight weeks of that time earnings must have been, on average, at least the lower earnings limit for National Insurance Contributions, £120 in 2021. There is no obligation to go back to work after giving birth in order to qualify. Amount The rate is 90% of average weekly earnings which is paid for the first six weeks. For the following 33 weeks the rate was £151.97 a week in 2021,) or 90 per cent of average weekly earnings if lower. The benefit can continue for up to 39 weeks altogether. This period can begin in any week from 11 weeks before the baby is expected to the week after the birth. If the mother is sick within 11 weeks of the due date for a reas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Friendly Societies
A friendly society (sometimes called a benefit society, mutual aid society, benevolent society, fraternal and service organisations, fraternal organization or Rotating savings and credit association, ROSCA) is a mutual association for the purposes of insurance, pensions, savings and loan, savings or cooperative banking. It is a mutual organization or benefit society composed of a body of people who join together for a common financial or social purpose. Before modern insurance and the welfare state, friendly societies provided financial and social services to individuals, often according to their religious, political, or trade affiliations. These societies are still widespread in many parts of the developing world, where they are referred to as ROSCAs (rotating savings and credit associations), ASCAs (accumulating savings and credit associations), burial societies, chit funds, etc. Character Before the development of large-scale government and employer health insurance and other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Insurance Contributions
National Insurance (NI) is a fundamental component of the welfare state in the United Kingdom. It acts as a form of social security, since payment of NI contributions establishes entitlement to certain state benefits for workers and their families. Introduced by the National Insurance Act 1911 and expanded by the Labour government in 1948, the system has been subjected to numerous amendments in succeeding years. Initially, it was a contributory form of insurance against illness and unemployment, and eventually provided retirement pensions and other benefits. Currently, workers pay contributions from the age of 16 years, until the age they become eligible for the State pension. Contributions are due from employed people earning at or above a threshold called the Lower Earnings Limit, the value of which is reviewed each year. Self-employed people contribute partly through a fixed weekly or monthly payment and partly on a percentage of net profits above a threshold, which is revi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremy Hunt
Jeremy Richard Streynsham Hunt (born 1 November 1966) is a British politician who has served as Chancellor of the Exchequer since 14 October 2022. He previously served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Media and Sport from 2010 to 2012, Secretary of State for Health and Social Care from 2012 to 2018 and Foreign Secretary from 2018 to 2019. A member of the Conservative Party, he has been Member of Parliament (MP) for South West Surrey since 2005. The son of a senior officer in the Royal Navy, Hunt was born in Kennington and studied Philosophy, politics and economics at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he was President of the Oxford University Conservative Association. He was first elected to the House of Commons in 2005 and was promoted to the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Minister for Disabled People and later as Shadow Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. Hunt served in the Coalition Government as Secretary of State for Culture, Olympics, Med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch
The Healthcare Safety Investigation Branch (HSIB) is the independent national investigator for patient safety in England. HSIB was formed in April 2017 and investigates serious patient safety risks that span the healthcare system, operating independently of other regulatory agencies. It aims to produce rigorous, non-punitive, and systematic investigations and to develop system-wide recommendations for learning and improvement and to be separate from systems that seek to allocate blame, liability, or punishment. Organisation and investigations HSIB is currently hosted by NHS England but is intended to be operationally independent, and the Health and Care Bill 2021 proposes to make HSIB a fully independent body with a range of legal powers. In June 2019 it employed about 200 full-time equivalent staff and its budget had increased from £3.8 million in 2017 to almost £20 million. There were criticisms of the management of the organisation under chief investigator Keith Conradi. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ockenden Review
In 2017 Rhiannon Davies, her husband Richard and two other bereaved parents, Kayleigh and Colin Griffiths asked the UK health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, to set up a public inquiry into maternity services at Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust. Though Hunt did not establish a public inquiry, he ordered a review in April 2017. In May 2017 Donna Ockenden was appointed chair of the review, and it initially investigated 23 cases of potentially significant concern . As the review uncovered wider evidence of maternity services failings at the trust, with over 60 cases needing investigation, Davies called on Hunt's successor, Matt Hancock, to widen the review's remit. By Jun 2019 hundreds of cases were under investigation. In November 2019 the leaked interim report confirmed Davies' worst fears and vindicated her efforts: When published in December 2020, the first Ockenden Report singled out the difference made by Davies, Stanton and two other bereaved parents, Kayleigh and Colin Griff ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ordinarily Resident Status
Ordinarily resident status is a concept in the law of the United Kingdom which affects entitlement to the National Health Service. It formerly affected taxation, but the concept of ordinary residence was abolished for the purposes of tax years 2013/14 onwards. Related concepts Indefinite leave to remain and Right of abode are related concepts in immigration law. A person who is a British Citizen is not necessarily an ordinary resident in the UK. The policy relates to the Home Office hostile environment policy. Guidance The official guidance issued to the NHS states: ''A person is ordinarily resident if they are normally residing in the UK (apart from temporary or occasional absences), and their residence here has been adopted voluntarily and for settled purposes as part of the regular order of their life for the time being, whether for short or long duration.'' The Guidance on implementing the overseas visitor hospital charging regulations 2015 extends to 131 pages, with a fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
:Category:Maternity Hospitals
{{Catmain, Maternity hospital Maternity ] A mother is the female parent of a child. A woman may be considered a mother by virtue of having given birth, by raising a child who may or may not be her biological offspring, or by supplying her ovum for fertilisation in the case of gestati ... Childbirth Women's hospitals ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shrewsbury And Telford Hospital NHS Trust
Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust is the main provider of hospital services for Shropshire, Telford and Wrekin and North Powys. It runs the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital, the Princess Royal Hospital in Telford, Oswestry Maternity Unit, and Wrekin Community Clinic, Euston House, Telford, in Shropshire, England. It is one of a small number of English NHS Trusts which takes patients from over the border in Wales. Up to June 2019, 250 cases of concern in maternity were being investigated by an enquiry led by senior midwife Donna Ockenden commissioned in 2016 by Jeremy Hunt. On 24 June it was announced that another 300 cases had been uncovered, over a period of 40 years. The interim report maintains the number of cases, "seems to represent a longstanding culture at this trust that is toxic to improvement effort". As with many Trusts operating over multiple sites it has long been under pressure to concentrate services on fewer sites. In 2012, general and vascular surgery was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NHS Trust
An NHS trust is an organisational unit within the National Health Services of England and Wales, generally serving either a geographical area or a specialised function (such as an ambulance service). In any particular location there may be several trusts involved in the different aspects of providing healthcare to the local population. there were altogether 217 trusts, and they employ around 800,000 of the NHS's 1.2 million staff. History NHS trusts were established under the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 and were set up in five waves. Each one was established by a Statutory Instrument. NHS trusts are not trusts in the legal sense but are in effect public sector corporations. Each trust is headed by a board consisting of executive and non-executive directors, and is chaired by a non-executive director. There were about 2,200 non-executives across 470 organisations in the NHS in England in 2015. Non-executive directors are recruited by open advertisement. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Maternity Action")
