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Maskanda Musicians
Maskandi is a form of Zulu folk music, originally associated with migrant workers, that is evolving with South African society. Often characterised by a picking guitar style which draws on a variety of historical influences it also has an important social function with players being given sanction to publicly criticise powerful people. Origins The music originated in "female gourd-resonated monochord songs that were transferred and given an acoustic life on guitar". The roots of what it today called maskandi have been traced back to non-guitar based forms of music in the 1920s, with the shift to guitar beginning in Rhodesia in the 1930s with a group of musicians inspired by the music in Western films. Gender It has been described it as "The music played by the man on the move, the modern minstrel, today’s troubadour. It is the music of the man walking the long miles to court a bride, or to meet with his Chief; a means of transport. It is the music of the man who sings of h ...
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Zulu Music
The Zulu people are a South African ethnic group. Many Zulu musicians have become a major part of South African music, creating a huge influence in the music industry. A number of Zulu-folk derived styles have become well known across South Africa and abroad. Zulu music has dominated many genres in South Africa, especially House music, Folk music, Acapella, Choral music and gospel. In fact, some of the most popular songs from South Africa are in Zulu. Kwaito Kwaito is a music genre that emerged in Johannesburg, South Africa, during the 1990s. It is a variant of house music featuring the use of African sounds and samples. Typically at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music, Kwaito often contains catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines, and vocals. Despite its similarities to hip hop music, Kwaito has a distinctive manner in which the lyrics are sung, rapped and shouted. American producer Diplo has described Kwaito as "slowed-down garage music," mo ...
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Folk Music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival. Some types of folk music may be called world music. Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, music that is played on traditional instruments, music about cultural or national identity, music that changes between generations (folk process), music associated with a people's folklore, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles. The term originated in the 19th century, but folk music extends beyond that. Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music. This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s. This form of music is sometimes called contemporary folk music or folk rev ...
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana, and Zimbabwe; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini. It also completely enclaves the country Lesotho. It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World, and the second-most populous country located entirely south of the equator, after Tanzania. South Africa is a biodiversity hotspot, with unique biomes, plant and animal life. With over 60 million people, the country is the world's 24th-most populous nation and covers an area of . South Africa has three capital cities, with the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government based in Pretoria, Bloemfontein, and Cape Town respectively. The largest city is Johannesburg. About 80% of the population are Black South Afri ...
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The Guitar In Zulu "maskanda" Tradition
''The'' () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. It is the definite article in English. ''The'' is the most frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have found it to account for seven percent of all printed English-language words. It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of any gender. The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which have different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers. Pronunciation In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as (with the voiced dental fricative followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as (homophone of pronoun ''thee'') when followed by a v ...
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Rhodesia
Rhodesia (, ), officially from 1970 the Republic of Rhodesia, was an unrecognised state in Southern Africa from 1965 to 1979, equivalent in territory to modern Zimbabwe. Rhodesia was the ''de facto'' successor state to the British colony of Southern Rhodesia, which had been self-governing since achieving responsible government in 1923. A landlocked nation, Rhodesia was bordered by South Africa to the south, Bechuanaland (later Botswana) to the southwest, Zambia (formerly Northern Rhodesia) to the northwest, and Mozambique ( a Portuguese province until 1975) to the east. From 1965 to 1979, Rhodesia was one of two independent states on the African continent governed by a white minority of European descent and culture, the other being South Africa. In the late 19th century, the territory north of the Transvaal was chartered to the British South Africa Company, led by Cecil Rhodes. Rhodes and his Pioneer Column marched north in 1890, acquiring a huge block of territory that ...
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Busi Mhlongo
Busi Mhlongo (28 October 1947 – 15 June 2010), born as Victoria Busisiwe Mhlongo, was a singer, dancer and composer originally from Inanda in Natal, South Africa. Biography Mhlongo drew on various South African styles such as Mbaqanga, Maskanda, Marabi and traditional Zulu, fused with contemporary elements from jazz, funk, rock, gospel, rap, opera, reggae and West African music. Her lyrics carry poignant messages and she had a care-free way of performance that included performing bare-foot. In the 1960s, she adopted the artistic name Vickie; only later did she become known by Busi Mhlongo. She was an initiated sangoma, which heavily influenced her music. In the 1970s, Mhlongo relocated to London, later recording with other South African artists who were living in exile, such as Dudu Pukwana and Julian Bahula. By the 1980s, she performed internationally, performing with other well-renowned artists such as Salif Keita. By the early 1990s, she began releasing her ow ...
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Shiyani Ngcobo
Shiyani Ngcobo was a Maskandi guitarist and teacher from South Africa who was a major figure in spreading the popularity of Maskanda outside of its homeland of South Africa. He toured Denmark, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom during the early 2000s in support of his album ''Introducing Shiyani Ngcobo''. In addition, he taught maskandi guitar style at the School of Music of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. He died near Durban on 18 February 2011. History Early life Shiyani was born in 1953 in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. He was born to two members of the Zulu people, and their musical styling would later influence much of his work. When Shiyani was 13 he became fascinated with Maskanda music after his brother, Khetuwise, introduced him to the traditional piece ''Sevelina''. His father was an alcoholic who would frequently beat his mother, which eventually led him to leave home in 1970 and lead the life of a migrant worker thr ...
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Concertina
A concertina is a free-reed musical instrument, like the various accordions and the harmonica. It consists of expanding and contracting bellows, with buttons (or keys) usually on both ends, unlike accordion buttons, which are on the front. The concertina was developed independently in both England and Germany. The English version was invented in 1829 by Sir Charles Wheatstone, while Carl Friedrich Uhlig introduced the German version five years later, in 1834. Various forms of concertini are used for classical music, for the traditional musics of Ireland, England, and South Africa, and for tango and polka music. Systems The word ''concertina'' refers to a family of hand-held bellows-driven free reed instruments constructed according to various ''systems'', which differ in terms of keyboard layout, and whether individual buttons (keys) produce the same ( unisonoric) or different ( bisonoric) notes with changes in the direction of air pressure. Because the concertina was deve ...
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Southern African Music Rights Organisation
SAMRO, the Southern African Music Rights Organisation, is a copyright asset management society. It was established by the South African Copyright Act, and aims to protect the intellectual property of music creators by licensing music users, collecting licence fees and distributing royalties to music creators. SAMRO represents more than 15,000 Southern African music composers, lyricists/authors and music publishers. The organisation administers performing rights. History The Southern African Music Rights Organisation (name since 1974) was formed in December 1961 under the chairmanship of Dr. Gideon Roos Senior, a former Director-General of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). SAMRO began operations in January 1962 with 40 South African composers and 13 music publishers, taking over from the UK royalty collecting society PRS. In June 1962, SAMRO was accepted as a member of the International Confederation of Societies of Authors and Composers (CISAC). In the same ...
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Khuzani
Khuzani Nkosikhona Innocent Mpungose (born December 3, 1989) professionally known as Khuzani is a South African maskandi singer. Born and raised in Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal, he rose to prominence after participating on Mgqumeni's album ''iSecret'' 2009. Career Khuzani Nkosikhona Innocent Mpungose was born December 3, 1989 in Nkandla, KwaZulu-Natal. He matriculated at Sibhakabhaka in 2009. That same year, Mpungose was appointed by Shobeni Khuzwayo to complete Mgqumeni's who passed away while working on his album ''iSecret''. His debut studio album ''Bahluleke Bonke'' was released in 2011. The album won Best Selling Album at the Amatshontsho ka Maskandi Awards. On April 7, 2017, his seventh studio album ''Isixaxa Samaxoki'' was released. The album was certified gold by the Recording Industry of South Africa (RiSA) two weeks after its release. In the first quarter of 2019, he embarked on his live concert Gcwalisa iMabhida. His single "Ijele" featuring Luve Dubazane was relea ...
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Imithente
Imithente (named after a kind of grass that grows in rural KwaZulu Natal) is a ''Maskandi'' group from Johannesburg, South Africa. The band was formed in 1993 by late guitarist, Simosakhe Mthalane, and three female singers: Buselaphi Gxowa, Dumisile Manana and Nokwazi Ntuli, all from KwaZulu-Natal. They have produced several albums attaining gold sales in their home country and won SAMA and SATMA awards. The group performs as a 10-piece band with 6 singer/dancers and 4 musicians. Discography studio albums * ''Isidikiselo '' (2001) * ''Awusay' Ebhodweni'' (2002) * ''Ngiyakushiya Mawulele'' (2003) * ''Umnyango Ongenasikhiye'' (2004) * ''Igaz' Elibabayo'' (2005) * ''Ake Niyek' Ukukhuluma'' (2006) * ''Bamb' Ezakho'' (2007) * ''Simqonda Ngqo'' (2008) * ''Vimb' Ezansi'' (2010) * ''Mbibi'' (2011) * ''Vuka Mathambo'' (2012) * ''Ichakijani'' (2014) * ''Mhlobo Wami'' (2014) * Washonaphi (2015) * ''S'yawuvala Umlomo'' (2016) * ''Asekhon' Amalahle ?'' (2018) * ''Uzoyikhona Kanjani'' (201 ...
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