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Martyrs Of Persia Under Shapur II
The Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II were Assyrian Christian martyrs who were put to death by Shapur II of Persia (r. 309–379) for failing to renounce their faith. There may have been several thousand in total. They are remembered as a group in the Roman and Orthodox calendars. The ''Roman Martyrology'' gives feast days of 6 April, 22 April and 9 May for different groups. Historical background The standard view of early Christianity in Persia is that it was tolerated until Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) was converted to Christianity and made it the official religion of the Roman Empire. Shapur II then became suspicious of Christians in his empire, and after being defeated in a war with Rome ordering that the Christian churches be destroyed and their clergy executed. This was later extended to execution of all Christians. This view is based on Syriac accounts of martyrdoms, but these may have been written some time after the events, and may present only the Roman viewpoin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miles (bishop Of Susa)
Miles ( syr, ܡܝܠܣ, el, Μίλης), sometimes Mar Miles (Saint Miles), was the bishop of Susa in Sasanian Persia from before 315 until his martyrdom in 340 or 341. He engaged in efforts to evangelize Susa, traveled widely in the Eastern Roman Empire and led the opposition to Papa bar ʿAggai and the supremacy of the bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in the Persian church. He was executed by the Sasanian authorities at the start of the Forty-Year Persecution. Miles is mentioned in the Syriac ''Martyrology of 411''. Sozomen in his ''Historia Ecclesistica'', written in Constantinople in the first half of the 5th century, briefly summarizes a Syriac account of the life of Miles. Towards the end of the 6th century, a fuller Syriac hagiography appeared, the ''Acts of Miles'' or ''Martyrdom of Miles''. His story also found its way into the Old English Martyrology. Name The name Miles is probably Persian (meaning "brave"), although it could be of Latin derivation (from '' miles'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acepsimas Of Hnaita
Acepsimas of Hnaita (died October 10, 376) was a bishop, martyr and saint. Life Acepsimas was the bishop of Hnaita, residing at Paka in western Persia. He and several companions, including the priest Joseph of Bet-Katoba, who was then 70 years old, and the deacon Aitillaha of Bet-Nuhadra, who was then 66 years old, were arrested by Shapur II for refusing to worship according to the Zoroastrian faith. Acepsimas was taken in chains to Arbela (modern Erbil) before the governor. This judge admired how he could deny the divinity of the sun, which all the East adored. The martyr answered him, expressing his astonishment how men could prefer a creature to the Creator. By the orders of the governor he was laid on the ground with his feet bound, and in that posture barbarously scourged, till his whole body was covered with blood. He was then thrown into prison. Acepsimas endured three years of prison before he was racked and whipped to death on October 10, 376. Joseph was taken to Hdajab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alban Butler
Alban Butler (13 October 171015 May 1773) was an English Roman Catholic priest and hagiographer. Biography Alban Butler was born in 1710, at Appletree, Aston le Walls, Northamptonshire, the second son of Simon Butler, Esq. His father died when he was young and he was sent to the Lancashire boarding school ran by Dame Alice. He went on to a Catholic further education at the English College, Douai, in France. In 1735 Butler was ordained a priest. At Douai, he was appointed professor of philosophy, and later professor of theology. It was at Douai that he began his principal work ''The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints''. He also prepared material for Richard Challoner's ''Memoirs of Missionary Priests'', a work on the martyrs of the reign of Elizabeth. In 1745, Butler came to the attention of the Duke of Cumberland, younger son of King George II, for his devotion to the wounded English soldiers during the defeat at the Battle of Fontenoy. Around 1746, Butle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shemon Bar Sabbae
Mar Shimun Bar Sabbae ( syc, ܡܪܝ ܫܡܥܘܢ ܒܪܨܒܥܐ, died Good Friday, 345) was Bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, from Persia, the ''de facto'' head of the Church of the East, until his death. He was bishop during the persecutions of King Shapur II of the Sasanian Empire of Iran, and was executed along with many of his followers. He is revered as a saint in various Christian communions. Biography Shimun Bar Sabbae was born the son of a fuller. In 316, he had been named coadjutor bishop of his predecessor, Papa bar Gaggai, in Seleucia-Ctesiphon (now al-Mada'in). He was later accused of being a friend of the Roman emperor and of maintaining secret correspondence with him. On that basis, Shapur II ordered the execution of all Christian priests. Because they would not convert to Zoroastrianism, Shimoun was beheaded with several thousands, including bishops, priests, and faithful. These include the priests Abdella (or Abdhaihla), Ananias (Hannanja), Chusdazat (Guhashtazad, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Martyrology
The ''Roman Martyrology'' ( la, Martyrologium Romanum) is the official martyrology of the Catholic Church. Its use is obligatory in matters regarding the Roman Rite liturgy, but dioceses, countries and religious institutes may add duly approved appendices to it. It provides an extensive but not exhaustive list of the saints recognized by the Church. History In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII decreed a revision of the Julian calendar, creating a new system, now called, after him, the Gregorian calendar. The ''Roman Martyrology'' was first published in 1583. A second edition was published in the same year. The third edition, in 1584, was made obligatory wherever the Roman Rite was in use. The main source was the Martyrology of Usuard, completed by the "Dialogues" of Pope Gregory I and the works of some of the Fathers, and for the Greek saints by the catalogue known as the Menologion of Sirlet. Its origins can be traced back to the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, which was originally based on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapor, Isaac, Mahanes, Abraham, And Simeon
Saints Sapor, Isaac, Mahanes, Abraham, and Simeon (died 339 AD) were a group of Christians in Persia who were martyred under King Shapur II. Their feast day is 30 November. Monks of Ramsgate account The monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate wrote in their ''Book of Saints'' (1921), Butler's account The hagiographer Alban Butler (1710–1773) wrote in his ''Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints'' under November 30, See also * Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II The Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II were Assyrian Christian martyrs who were put to death by Shapur II of Persia (r. 309–379) for failing to renounce their faith. There may have been several thousand in total. They are remembered as a group i ... Notes Sources * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sapor, Isaac, Mahanes, Abraham, and Simeon Year of birth missing 339 deaths Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era Persian saints 4th-century Christian saints Christians in the Sasanian Empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jonas And Barachisius
Saints Jonas and Barachisius (died 327), two brothers, were Persian martyrs during the persecutions of King Shapur II. Life L. M Pétin in his ''Dictionnaire hagiographique'' (1850) says that Barachisius and his brother Jonas were from the town of Beth-Asa in Persia. When Shapur II started his persecution of the Christians in 327, they went to Hubaham to encourage the martyrs and were arrested in turn. The judge demanded that they renounce their faith but they refused, despite extreme tortures, and died on 24 December 327. Their feast day is 29 March. Monks of Ramsgate account The monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate wrote in their ''Book of Saints'' (1921), Butler's account The hagiographer Alban Butler (1710–1773) wrote in his ''Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints'' under May 26, See also * Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II The Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II were Assyrian Christian martyrs who were put to death by Shapur II of Persia (r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel And Verda
Saints Daniel and Verda (died 344) were Christian martyrs under King Shapur II of Persia. Their feast day is 21 February. Monks of Ramsgate account The monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate wrote in their ''Book of Saints'' (1921), Butler's account The hagiographer Alban Butler (1710–1773) wrote in his ''Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints'' under February 21, See also * Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II The Martyrs of Persia under Shapur II were Assyrian Christian martyrs who were put to death by Shapur II of Persia (r. 309–379) for failing to renounce their faith. There may have been several thousand in total. They are remembered as a group i ... Notes Sources * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Daniel and Verda Groups of Christian martyrs of the Roman era Persian saints 4th-century Christian saints Christians in the Sasanian Empire 344 deaths ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maruthas Of Martyropolis
Saint Maruthas or Marutha of Martyropolis was a Syrian monk who became bishop A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or office of bishop is ca ..."The Armenian Life of Marutha of Maipherkat", Ralph Marcus, ''The Harvard Theological Review'', Vol. 25, No. 1 (Jan., 1932), 47. of Maypherkat in Mesopotamia (Meiafarakin)"The Armenian Life of Marutha of Maipherkat", Ralph Marcus, ''The Harvard Theological Review'', 50. for a period beginning before 399 up to around 410. He's believed to have died before 420. He is venerated as a Saint in the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox and Oriental Orthodox Churches, Oriental Orthodox Churches, his feast being kept on 4 December. He brought into his episcopal city the relics of so many martyrs that it received the surname ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barba'shmin
Barbaʿshmin, also called Barbasceminus, was a fourth-century bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, primate of the Church of the East, and martyr. He succeeded Shahdost as bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon in 343, during the great persecution of Shapur II, and was martyred three years later, in 346. Like several other early bishops of Seleucia-Ctesiphon, he is included in the traditional list of patriarchs of the Church of the East, which also considers him a saint. His feast day is January 14. Sources Brief accounts of Barbaʿshmin's episcopate are given in the ''Ecclesiastical Chronicle'' of the Jacobite writer Bar Hebraeus (''floruit'' 1280) and in the ecclesiastical histories of the Nestorian writers Mari (twelfth-century), ʿAmr (fourteenth-century) and Sliba (fourteenth-century). His life is also covered in the ''Chronicle of Seert''. In all these accounts he is anachronistically called 'catholicus', a term that was only applied to the primates of the Church of the East in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdisho (died 345)
Abdisho (Syriac: ʰbhedhišoʰ), a member of the Church of the East, was a deacon and martyr. He was imprisoned with Bishop Heliodorus of Bet Zabdai in Mesopotamia by order of Shapur II. Following the deaths of bishop Dausa and 275 companions at Masabadan, Abdisho, who despite the stroke of the sword remained alive, continued to preach the gospel and bury the martyrs. He stayed at the place where all the martyrs were killed during thirty days. He prayed there and taught the other villagers how to save their souls through true faith. He was captured by the lord of the village and was held in chains for 4 days. All that time the lord tried to make him abandon his faith and stop teaching the others to be alive. Abdisho denied to obey and was sentenced to death by the mayor of the village in 345. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantius II
Constantius II (Latin: ''Flavius Julius Constantius''; grc-gre, Κωνστάντιος; 7 August 317 – 3 November 361) was Roman emperor from 337 to 361. His reign saw constant warfare on the borders against the Sasanian Empire and Germanic peoples, while internally the Roman Empire went through repeated civil wars, court intrigues, and usurpations. His religious policies inflamed domestic conflicts that would continue after his death. Constantius was a son of Constantine the Great, who elevated him to the imperial rank of ''Caesar'' on 8 November 324 and after whose death Constantius became ''Augustus'' together with his brothers, Constantine II and Constans on 9 September 337. He promptly oversaw the massacre of his father-in-law, an uncle, and several cousins, consolidating his hold on power. The brothers divided the empire among themselves, with Constantius receiving Greece, Thrace, the Asian provinces, and Egypt in the east. For the following decade a costly and inco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
