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Marshrutka In Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk Marshrutka is a fixed route taxi system in Novosibirsk. This type of transport began operating in the city in the 1970s. In the 2010s, the city authorities began to gradually replace minibuses with buses. History Soviet period In the late 1970s, the first rout taxi minibuses (RAF-2203) appeared in Novosibirsk. During the Soviet period, the marshrutka network consisted of 13 routes which mainly went from metro stations to remote areas of the city. One of the first routes was introduced towards Akademgorodok ( Sovetsky District). The minibus ride cost 15 kopecks. It was three times more expensive than tram or trolleybus rides, which cost 5 kopecks. All fixed-route taxis belonged to the city, namely, the Municipal Enterprise of Road Transportation No. 5 (PATP-5). In 1989, the first cooperative route taxi appeared in the city. Post-Soviet period In the early 1990s, GAZelle minibuses began to replace RAF minibuses. The marshrutka has become more popular than trolleybus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rechnoy Vokzal Bus Stop, Novosibirsk 01
Rechnoy (russian: Речной) is a rural locality (a settlement) in Seftrenskoye Rural Settlement of Verkhnetoyemsky District, Arkhangelsk Oblast Arkhangelsk Oblast (russian: Арха́нгельская о́бласть, ''Arkhangelskaya oblast'') is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It includes the Arctic Ocean, Arctic archipelagos of Franz Josef Land ..., Russia. The population was 28 as of 2010. Geography Rechnoy is located 33 km northwest of Verkhnyaya Toyma (the district's administrative centre) by road. Zelennik is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Verkhnetoyemsky District {{ArkhangelskOblast-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marshrutka
''Marshrutka''Urban transportation systems: choices for communities (p. 254). Sigurd Grava. McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. 840 pp. 0071384170, 9780071384179. or ''marshrutnoe taksi''THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND LITHUANIAN: TRANSPORT TERMS AND SOME METHODS OF DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE SCIENCE WRITING STRATEGIES BY NON ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novosibirsk
Novosibirsk (, also ; rus, Новосиби́рск, p=nəvəsʲɪˈbʲirsk, a=ru-Новосибирск.ogg) is the largest city and administrative centre of Novosibirsk Oblast and Siberian Federal District in Russia. As of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census, it had a population of 1,633,595, making it the most populous city in Siberia and the list of cities and towns in Russia by population, third-most populous city in Russia. The city is located in southwestern Siberia, on the banks of the Ob River. Novosibirsk was founded in 1893 on the Ob River crossing point of the future Trans-Siberian Railway, where the Novosibirsk Rail Bridge was constructed. Originally named Novonikolayevsk ("New Nicholas") in honor of Emperor Nicholas II, the city rapidly grew into a major transport, commercial, and industrial hub. Novosibirsk was ravaged by the Russian Civil War but recovered during the early Soviet Union, Soviet period and gained its present name, Novosibirsk ("New Siberia"), i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buses In Novosibirsk
The Novosibirsk bus system (russian: Новосибирский автобус) is part of the public transport network of Novosibirsk, Russia. The system was launched in 1923. History The first route was launched in the summer of 1923: the buses ran between the railway station, city center and Zakamenka district (the area where now the State Public Scientific & Technological Library is located). In 1937, Novosibirsk bus system comprised 30 buses and 4 routes. In 1985 the bus fleet had more than 1600 buses. Since the 1990s, alongside the municipal operator, a private carriers serve bus routes in Novosibirsk. Current status System consists of 52 routes served by buses over 10 metres long (№№ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 18к, 20, 21, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68, 69, 73, 77, 79, 88, 91, 95, 96, 97, 98) and 17 routes served by smaller buses (№№ 1, 9, 10, 15, 19, 24, 27, 40, 43, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RAF-2203
The RAF-2203 Latvija (nickname ''Rafik'') was a cabover van designed and developed by Rīgas Autobusu Fabrika from 1976 to 1997. They were widely used throughout the USSR as fixed-run taxis (marshrutkas), medical cars, used for trade and as a special services vehicles. It was the successor of the RAF-977. This van used the engine of the GAZ-24, between the front seats, making its construction similar to other competing vans such as the Dodge A100 and the Volkswagen LT, with independent front suspension also from the GAZ-24 (but springs from the GAZ-13). It borrowed headlights and brake system parts from the Moskvitch 412, outside door handles from the Moskvitch 408, and wheels of the GAZ-21 Volga. The single rear door hinged at the top, rather than the more-usual side-opening. There were two major models: one, the 2203, seated ten plus driver and passenger, powered by a with 8.2:1 compression; the other, the 22032, a twelve-seat "route taxi", had longitudinal seats and lower ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Novosibirsk Metro
Novosibirsk Metro is a rapid transit system that serves Novosibirsk, Russia. The system consists of over track on two lines with 13 stations. It opened in January 1986, becoming the eleventh Metro in the USSR and the fourth in RSFSR. According to 2017 statistics, it is the third-busiest system in Russia behind Moscow and Saint Petersburg. History Plans for a rapid transit system began to be formed in 1962. Construction project was approved by Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union in November 1978, and on 12 May 1979 the first construction works began. With wide experience in metro construction from the other metros of the USSR, it took seven-and-a-half years to complete work on the five-station launch stage of the system. The commissioning certificate was signed by the state commission on 28 December 1985, and Metro was triumphantly opened for passengers on 7 January 1986, becoming the eleventh Metro in the USSR and the fourth in RSFSR. Work quickly expanded to meet the origi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akademgorodok
Akademgorodok ( rus, Академгородок, p=ɐkəˌdʲemɡərɐˈdok, "Academic Town") is a part of the Sovetsky District of the city of Novosibirsk, Russia, located south of the city center and about west of Koltsovo. It is the educational and scientific centre of Siberia. It is surrounded by a birch and pine forest on the shore of the Ob Sea, an artificial reservoir on the river Ob. Formally it is a part of Novosibirsk city, and has never been a closed city. Located within Akademgorodok is Novosibirsk State University, 35 research institutes, a medical academy, apartment buildings and houses, and a variety of community amenities including stores, hotels, hospitals, restaurants and cafes, cinemas, clubs and libraries. The House of Scientists (russian: label=none, Дом учёных, Dom Uchyonykh), a social center of Akademgorodok, hosts a library containing 100 thousand volumesRussian classics, modern literature and also many American, British, French, German, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sovetsky District, Novosibirsk
Sovetsky District is an administrative district (raion), one of the 10 raions of Novosibirsk, Russia. It is located on the right and left banks of the Ob River. The area of the district is 89,2 km2 (34,4 sq mi). Population: 141,911 (2018 Census). History The district was established on March 26, 1958. The new raion included Ogurtsovo, Left Chyomy and Right Chyomy, Nizhnyaya Yeltsovka, "Shcha" Microdistrict and Akademgorodok. In 1959 more than 33,000 people lived in the Sovetsky District. Akademgorodok Akademgorodok was founded in 1957. Academicians Mikhail Lavrentyev, Sergey Sobolev, Andrey Trofimuk, Sergey Khristianovich and others played a big role in establishing of the naukograd. The Institute of Hydrodynamics is one of the first research institutions that opened in the scientific town. December 30, 2014 Akademgorodok was included in The Register of Objects of Cultural Heritage (monuments of history and culture) of the Peoples of the Russian Federation File:Lavrentye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law On Cooperatives
The Law on Cooperatives was a major economic reform implemented in the Soviet Union during General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost reforms. It was implemented in May 1988, allowed for independent worker-owned cooperatives to operate in the Soviet Union, as opposed to just state-owned enterprises, and gave guidelines as to how these cooperatives should be managed. While originally the law imposed high taxes and restrictions on employment, it was eventually revised so as not to discourage activity within the private sector. See also * History of the Soviet Union (1982–91) * Perestroika * Uskoreniye * Glasnost * Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union) * Enterprises in the Soviet Union * Economy of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia * Market socialism * Titoism * Workers' self-management References Economic history of the Soviet Union Soviet law 1988 in the Soviet Union Cooperatives A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GAZelle
A gazelle is one of many antelope species in the genus ''Gazella'' . This article also deals with the seven species included in two further genera, ''Eudorcas'' and ''Nanger'', which were formerly considered subgenera of ''Gazella''. A third former subgenus, ''Procapra'', includes three living species of Asian gazelles. Gazelles are known as swift animals. Some are able to run at bursts as high as or run at a sustained speed of . Gazelles are found mostly in the deserts, grasslands, and savannas of Africa; but they are also found in southwest and central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They tend to live in herds, and eat fine, easily digestible plants and leaves. Gazelles are relatively small antelopes, most standing high at the shoulder, and are generally fawn-colored. The gazelle genera are ''Gazella'', ''Eudorcas'', and ''Nanger''. The taxonomy of these genera is confused, and the classification of species and subspecies has been an unsettled issue. Currently, the genu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ford Transit
The Ford Transit is a family of light commercial vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company since 1965, primarily as a cargo van, but also available in other configurations including a large passenger van (marketed as the Ford Tourneo in some markets since 1995), cutaway van chassis, and a pickup truck. The vehicle is also known as the Ford T-Series (T-150, T-250, T-350), a nomenclature shared with Ford's other light commercial vehicles, the Ford F-Series trucks, and the Ford E-Series chassis. , 8 million Transit vans have been sold, making it the third best-selling van of all time and has been produced across four basic platform generations (debuting in 1965, 1986, 2000, and 2013 respectively), with various "facelift" versions of each. The first product of the merged Ford of Europe, the Transit was originally marketed in Western Europe and Australia. By the end of the twentieth century, it was marketed nearly globally with the exception of North America until 2013 when i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
