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Marschlins Castle
Marschlins Castle is a castle in the village of Igis of the municipality of Landquart of the Canton of Graubünden in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance. Marschlins Castle was the childhood home of feminist Meta von Salis. History The castle was built in the 13th century, though there may have been 11th or 12th century castles on the site and local legend claims it dates back to the Carolingian era. However, the 13th century castle was probably built for the Bishop of Chur. The castle is built in the Savoyard style, a square castle with corner towers, one of which is enlarged to serve as the donjon. This style of castle is unique in Graubünden and how the design was imported is unknown. One theory for a Savoy connection is that between 1233 and 1237 the Bishop of Chur was Ulrich IV of Kyburg whose brother Hartmann IV was married to Margarethe of Savoy. The castle was first mentioned on 12 May 1324 as the death place of the knight Jacob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Water Castle
A water castle is a castle whose site is largely defended by water. It can be entirely surrounded by water-filled moats (moated castle) or natural waterbodies such as island castles in a river or offshore. The term comes from European castle studies, mainly German ''Burgenkunde'', but is sometimes used in English-language popular science books and websites, and is mentioned in other more academic works. When stately homes were built in such a location, or a Wasserburg was later rebuilt as a residential manor, the German term becomes Wasserschloss, lit. "water palace/manor". Description Forde-Johnston describes such a site as "a castle in which water plays a prominent part in the defences." Apart from hindering attackers, an abundant supply of water was also an advantage during a siege. Topographically, such structures are a type of lowland castle, low-lying castle. Such a castle usually had only one entrance, which was via a drawbridge and that could be raised for protection in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counts Of Toggenburg
Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1992. p. 73. . The etymologically related English term "county" denoted the territories associated with the countship. Definition The word ''count'' came into English from the French ''comte'', itself from Latin ''comes''—in its accusative ''comitem''—meaning “companion”, and later “companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor”. The adjective form of the word is "comital". The British and Irish equivalent is an earl (whose wife is a "countess", for lack of an English term). In the late Roman Empire, the Latin title ''comes'' denoted the high rank of various courtiers and provincial officials, either military or administrative: before Anthemius became emperor in the West in 467, he was a military ''comes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maréchal De Camp
''Maréchal de camp'' (sometimes incorrectly translated as field marshal) was a general officer rank used by the French Army until 1848. The rank originated from the older rank of sergeant major general ( French: ''sergent-major général''). Sergeant major general was third in command in an army, after the general and the lieutenant general. One of his tasks was to dispose the troops on the battlefield. It was also known in the French army as the "battle sergeant" (fr: ''sergent de bataille''). In English-speaking countries, the rank of sergeant major general became known as simply major general. Background and history The ''maréchal de camp'' rank was the junior of the two officer general ranks of the French Army, the senior being lieutenant general. The rank of brigadier was intermediate between those of colonel and ''maréchal de camp'', but was not considered a general officer rank. Nevertheless, when rank insignia were introduced in the 1770s, the brigadier insignia was on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Count De Salis-Soglio
Count de Salis-Soglio is a continental title of nobility that was recognized in the United Kingdom for a Swiss family which became British Subjects when Jerome, 2nd Count de Salis, was naturalized by Private Act of Parliament in 1743. Emperor Francis I by a patent dated Vienna, 12 March 1748, had created his father, colonel and ambassador Peter de Salis, together with his descendants, Counts of the Holy Roman Empire.''Gräfliche Hauser'', Band XI olume 11 ''Genealogisches Handbuch Des Adels'', C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg an der Lahn, 1983''De Salis Family : English Branch'', by Rachel Fane De Salis, Henley-on-Thames, 1934. On 4 April 1809 George III, by Royal Licence, granted and gave Jerome, 4th Count de Salis's descendants, of both sexes, those who were ''Subjects of Our Realm'', the right to ''fully avail themselves'' of the title of Count of the Holy Roman Empire. The right to use the name of '' Fane'' before that of ''de Salis'' was granted, by Royal Licence and Autho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Von Salis
The term ''von'' () is used in German language surnames either as a nobiliary particle indicating a noble patrilineality, or as a simple preposition used by commoners that means ''of'' or ''from''. Nobility directories like the ''Almanach de Gotha'' often abbreviate the noble term ''von'' to ''v.'' In medieval or early modern names, the ''von'' particle was at times added to commoners' names; thus, ''Hans von Duisburg'' meant "Hans from he city ofDuisburg". This meaning is preserved in Swiss toponymic surnames and in the Dutch or Afrikaans ''van'', which is a cognate of ''von'' but does not indicate nobility. Usage Germany and Austria The abolition of the monarchies in Germany and Austria in 1919 meant that neither state has a privileged nobility, and both have exclusively republican governments. In Germany, this means that legally ''von'' simply became an ordinary part of the surnames of the people who used it. There are no longer any legal privileges or constraints assoc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pledge (law)
A pledge is a bailment that conveys possessory title to property owned by a debtor (the ''pledgor'') to a creditor (the ''pledgee'') to secure repayment for some debt or obligation and to the mutual benefit of both parties. The term is also used to denote the property which constitutes the security. The pledge is a type of security interest. Pledge is the ''pignus'' of Roman law, from which most of the modern European-based law on the subject is derived, but is generally a feature of even the most basic legal systems. It differs from hypothecation and from the more usual mortgage in that the pledge is in the possession of the pledgee. It is similar, however, in that all three can apply to personal and real property. A pledge of personal property is known as a pawn and that of real property is called an antichresis. In earlier medieval law, especially in Germanic law, two types of pledge existed, being either possessory (cf. Old English ''wed'', Old French ''gage'', Old High Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swabian War
The Swabian War of 1499 ( gsw, Schwoobechrieg (spelling depending on dialect), called or ("Swiss War") in Germany and ("War of the Engadin") in Austria) was the last major armed conflict between the Old Swiss Confederacy and the House of Habsburg. What had begun as a local conflict over the control of the Val Müstair and the Umbrail Pass in the Grisons soon got out of hand when both parties called upon their allies for help; the Habsburgs demanding the support of the Swabian League, while the Federation of the Three Leagues of the Grisons turning to the Swiss ''Eidgenossenschaft''. Hostilities quickly spread from the Grisons through the Rhine valley to Lake Constance and even to the Sundgau in southern Alsace, the westernmost part of the Habsburg region of Further Austria.The main references used are Morard in general and Riezler for the detailed chronology in the section on the course of the war. Many battles were fought from January to July 1499, and in all but a few mino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valzeina
Valzeina is a Swiss village in the Prättigau and a former municipality in the political district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Graubünden. On 1 January 2011 Fanas and Valzeina were merged with the municipality of Grüsch. History Valzeina is first mentioned in 1367 as ''Valtzennas''. Geography Valzeina has an area, , of . Of this area, 40.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 53.2% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 2.5% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (3.9%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The municipality is located in the Seewis sub-district of the Prättigau/Davos district. It consists of scattered settlements in Vorder-Valzeina, Hinter-Valzeina and Sigg (on the right side of the valley). The municipalities of Grüsch and Valzeina are considering a merger on 1 January 2010 into a new municipality that will be known as Grüsch. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Untervaz
Untervaz is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. History Untervaz is first mentioned between 768-800 as ''Uaze''. Between 801-850 it was mentioned as ''Vazes'' and between 1210-1300 it was called ''Vatz inferiore''. Geography Untervaz has an area, , of . Of this area, 40% is used for agricultural purposes, while 46.9% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 4.8% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (8.2%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Fünf Dörfer sub-district of the Landquart district, after 2017 it was part of the Landquart Region. It is on the eastern foot of the Calanda mountains and is in the ''Churer Rheintal'' (Chur branch of the Rhine valley). Demographics Untervaz has a population (as of ) of . , 9.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 14.1%. Most of the population ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malans, Switzerland
Malans is a municipality in the Landquart Region in the Swiss canton of Graubünden. History Malans is first mentioned about 840 as ''in villa Mellanze''. In 956 it was mentioned as ''Malanz''. Geography Malans has an area, , of . Of this area, 39.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 44.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 6.9% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (9.2%) is non-productive (rivers, glaciers or mountains). The municipality is the capital of the Maienfeld sub-district of the Landquart district, after 2017 it was part of the Landquart Region. It lies along the old Rhine valley road and the road over the ''Fadärastein'' pass into the Prättigau valley. Demographics Malans has a population (as of ) of . , 7.7% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years the population has grown at a rate of 16%. Most of the population () speaks German (94.9%), with Romansh being second most common ( 1.3%) and Italian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Three Leagues
The Three Leagues, sometimes referred to as Raetia, was the alliance of 1471 of the League of God's House, the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, and the Grey League, leading eventually to the formation of the Swiss canton of Graubünden (Grisons). The territory corresponds to the core territory of Raetia Curiensis (ruled by the bishops of Chur as Prince-Bishopric of Chur), the early medieval remnant of the Roman province of Raetia prima. League of God's House On 29 January 1367, the League of God's House (german: Gotteshausbund, it, Lega Caddea, rm, ), was founded to resist the rising power of the Bishopric of Chur and the House of Habsburg. Bishop Peter Gelyto reacted by transferring the bishopric to the Habsburgs in exchange for a pension from the ducal house. The instrument of union was signed by envoys of the cathedral chapter, the episcopal Ministerialis, the city of Chur and the districts of Domleschg, Schams, Oberhalbstein, Oberengadin, Unterengadin and Bergell. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Collateral (finance)
In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan. The collateral serves as a lender's protection against a borrower's default and so can be used to offset the loan if the borrower fails to pay the principal and interest satisfactorily under the terms of the lending agreement. The protection that collateral provides generally allows lenders to offer a lower interest rate on loans that have collateral. The reduction in interest rate can be up to several percentage points, depending on the type and value of the collateral. For example, the Annual Percentage Rate (APR) on an unsecured loan is often much higher than on a secured loan or logbook loan. If a borrower defaults on a loan (due to insolvency or another event), that borrower loses the property pledged as collateral, with the lender then becoming the owner of the property. In a typical mortgage loan transaction, for instance, the real estate being acq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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