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Markland
Markland () is the name given to one of three lands on North America's Atlantic shore discovered by Leif Eriksson around 1000 AD. It was located south of Helluland and north of Vinland. Although it was never recorded to be settled by Norsemen, there were probably a number of later expeditions from Greenland to gather timber. A 1347 Icelandic document records that a ship went off course and ended up in Iceland in the process of returning from Markland, without further specifying where Markland was. Location Markland has been suggested to have been part of the Labrador coast in Canada, as Labrador lies in the heavily forested taiga region of the Northern Hemisphere north of the location of Vinland on the island of Newfoundland. The area of Cape Porcupine has been suggested as a possible candidate for the site. The climate and the vegetation in this region may have changed significantly since the sagas were conceived, owing to the Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age. The partic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vinland
Vinland, Vineland, or Winland ( non, Vínland ᚠᛁᚾᛚᛅᚾᛏ) was an area of coastal North America explored by Vikings. Leif Erikson landed there around 1000 AD, nearly five centuries before the voyages of Christopher Columbus and John Cabot. The name appears in the Vinland Sagas, and describes Newfoundland and the Gulf of Saint Lawrence as far as northeastern New Brunswick. Much of the geographical content of the sagas corresponds to present-day knowledge of transatlantic travel and North America. In 1960, archaeological evidence of the only known Norse site in North America, L'Anse aux Meadows, was found on the northern tip of the island of Newfoundland. Before the discovery of archaeological evidence, Vinland was known only from the sagas and medieval historiography. The 1960 discovery further proved the pre-Columbian Norse exploration of mainland North America. L'Anse aux Meadows has been hypothesized to be the camp '' Straumfjörð'' mentioned in the ''Saga of Eri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norse Colonization Of The Americas
The Norse exploration of North America began in the late 10th century, when Norsemen explored areas of the North Atlantic colonizing Greenland and creating a short term settlement near the northern tip of Newfoundland. This is known now as L'Anse aux Meadows where the remains of buildings were found in 1960 dating to approximately 1,000 years ago. This discovery helped reignite archaeological exploration for the Norse in the North Atlantic. This single settlement, located on the island of Newfoundland and not on the North American mainland, was abruptly abandoned. The Norse settlements on Greenland lasted for almost 500 years. L'Anse aux Meadows, the only confirmed Norse site in present-day Canada, was small and did not last as long. Other such Norse voyages are likely to have occurred for some time, but there is no evidence of any Norse settlement on mainland North America lasting beyond the 11th century. The Norse exploration of North America has been subject to numerous co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Great Ireland
Great Ireland (Old Norse: ''Írland hit mikla'' or ''Írland it mikla''), also known as White Men's Land (''Hvítramannaland''), and in Latin similarly as ''Hibernia Major'' and ''Albania'', was a land said by various Norsemen to be located near Vinland.Barnes, 2001, p. 31. In one report, in the '' Saga of Eric the Red'', some skrælingar captured in Markland described the people in what was supposedly White Men's Land, to have been "dressed in white garments, uttered loud cries, bore long poles, and wore fringes." Another report identifies it with the ''Albani'' people, with "hair and skin as white as snow." Scholars and writers disagree on the nature of the land, from either being treated as a myth based on faded knowledge of lands in the western ocean, to theories on actually locating it somewhere in North America. History Mythical origins Celtic folklore tells of a mythical land across the western ocean often referred to as the Celtic Otherworld, also known as Annwn or Aval ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Helluland
Helluland () is the name given to one of the three lands, the others being Vinland and Markland, seen by Bjarni Herjólfsson, encountered by Leif Erikson and further explored by Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson around AD 1000 on the North Atlantic coast of North America. As some writers refer to all land beyond Greenland as Vinland, Helluland is sometimes considered a part of Vinland. Etymology The name Helluland was given by Leif Erikson during his voyage to Vinland according to the Greenland Saga and means "Land of Flat Rocks" or "Land of Flat Stones" in the Old Norse language. According to the sagas Helluland was said to be the first of three lands in North America visited by Eriksson. He decided against trying to settle there because he found the land inhospitable. He continued south to ''Markland'' (probably Labrador) and ''Vinland'' (possibly Newfoundland). The Saga of Erik the Red, 1880 translation into English by J. Sephton from the original Icelandic 'Eiríks saga rauð ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leif Eriksson
Leif Erikson, Leiv Eiriksson, or Leif Ericson, ; Modern Icelandic: ; Norwegian: ''Leiv Eiriksson'' also known as Leif the Lucky (), was a Norse explorer who is thought to have been the first European to have set foot on continental North America, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus. According to the sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America. There is ongoing speculation that the settlement made by Leif and his crew corresponds to the remains of a Norse settlement found in Newfoundland, Canada, called L'Anse aux Meadows, which was occupied 1,000 years ago (carbon dating estimates 990–1050 CE). Leif was the son of Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse settlement in Greenland, and Thjodhild (Þjóðhildur) of Iceland. His place of birth is not known, but he is assumed to have been born in Iceland, which had recently been colonized by Norsemen mainly from N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saga Of Erik The Red
The ''Saga of Erik the Red'', in non, Eiríks saga rauða (), is an Icelandic saga on the Norse exploration of North America. The original saga is thought to have been written in the 13th century. It is preserved in somewhat different versions in two manuscripts: ''Hauksbók'' (14th century) and ''Skálholtsbók'' (15th century). Despite its title, the saga mainly chronicles the life and expedition of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Gudrid, also recounted in the ''Saga of the Greenlanders''. For this reason it was formerly also called ;Halldór Hermannsson"Eiríks saga rauða ''or'' Þorfinns saga karlsefnis ok Snorra Þorbrandssonar" ''Bibliography of the Icelandic Sagas and Minor Tales'', Islandica 1, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Libraries, 1908, , p. 16. Árni Magnússon wrote that title in the blank space at the top of the saga in . It also details the events that led to the banishment of Erik the Red to Greenland and the preaching of Christianity by his son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saga Of The Greenlanders
''Grœnlendinga saga'' () (spelled ''Grænlendinga saga'' in modern Icelandic and translated into English as the Saga of the Greenlanders) is one of the sagas of Icelanders. Like the ''Saga of Erik the Red'', it is one of the two main sources on the Norse colonization of North America. The saga recounts events that purportedly happened around 1000 and is preserved only in the late 14th century ''Flateyjarbók'' manuscript. The ''Saga of the Greenlanders'' starts with Erik the Red, who leaves Norway and colonizes Greenland. It then relates six expeditions to North America, led respectively by Bjarni, Leif, Thorvald, Thorstein and his wife Gudrid, Karlsefni, and Freydís. Bjarni and his crew discover three lands by chance during their voyage to Greenland, but they never set foot on the lands themselves. Leif learns about Bjarni's encounters and, after buying Bjarni's ship, sails to the lands to explore them. During his adventures, Leif names the three lands Helluland, Markland, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thorfinn Karlsefni
Thorfinn Karlsefni Thórdarson was an Icelandic explorer. Around the year 1010, he followed Leif Eriksson's route to Vinland in a short-lived attempt to establish a permanent settlement there with his wife Gudrid Thorbjarnardóttir and their followers. Nickname The byname ''Karlsefni'' means "makings of a man" according to the preface of Magnus Magnusson and Hermann Pálsson, although the Cleasby-Vigfusson dictionary glosses it as "a thorough man", elaborated elsewhere as a "real man", a "sterling man". History Thorfinn's expeditions are documented in the ''Grœnlendinga saga'' ("Saga of the Greenlanders" henceforth Grl.) and ''Eiríks saga rauða'' ("Saga of Eirik the Red" Henceforth Eir.),Manuscripts of ''Eiríks saga rauða'' are indicated by the sigla: A=Hauksbok, B=AM 557=Skálholtsbók in which together are referred to as "The Vinland Sagas." The two sources differ significantly in their details (see #Saga sources below). Greenland In Greenland, Thorfinn met and married ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labrador, Canada
, nickname = "The Big Land" , etymology = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Canada , subdivision_type1 = Provinces and territories of Canada, Province , subdivision_name1 = Newfoundland and Labrador , subdivision_type2 = , subdivision_name2 = , subdivision_type3 = , subdivision_name3 = , subdivision_type4 = , subdivision_name4 = , image_map = File:Labrador-Region.PNG , map_caption = Labrador (red) within Canada , pushpin_map = , pushpin_relief = , pushpin_map_caption = , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , established_title = Founded , established_date = 1763 , area_footnotes = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galvano Fiamma
Galvano Fiamma (1283–1344) was an Italian Dominican and chronicler of Milan. He appears to have been the first European in the Mediterranean area to describe the New World. His numerous historical writings include the ''Chronica Galvagnana'', the ''Chronicon extravagans de antiquitatibus Mediolani'', the ''Chronicon maius'', and the ''Manipolus florum seu Historia Mediolanensis''; he is also known for a map of Milan c. 1330. Biography Fiamma was born in 1283 to a family of notaries in Milan. At a young age, he joined the Dominican monastery of Saint Eustorgio. Fiamma was chaplain to the Milanese lord Giovanni Visconti. He died in Milan in 1344. Writings He wrote several chronicles dealing with the history of Milan and exalting the Visconti, who by his day had in effect become its ruling dynasty. His book, ''Cronica universalis'', written sometime between 1339 and 1345, includes a passage in which he describes Iceland, Greenland, and Markland: Until 2021, when this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cape Porcupine, Newfoundland And Labrador
The Headland of Cape Porcupine is a remote point of land on the south east coast of Labrador in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The cape juts out into the Atlantic Ocean in a generally easterly direction and forms a protective barrier from northerly gales for the beach of white sands, which might be a candidate for the stretch referred to as Wonderstrands by the Norse. The origin of the name is not known but not likely for the rodent rather for the Porcupine caribou that can be found in the area. The beach in the area is believed to have been visited by explorer Leif Eirikson, who called it Markland or Land of Woods. The closest settlement to Cape Porcupine is Cartwright, Labrador, which lies approximately to the south. The area is not accessible by road; it is reached by air (helicopter) or by sea. In 2008, dumped Dunnite Dunnite, also known as Explosive D or systematically as ammonium picrate, is an explosive developed in 1906 by US Army Major Beverly W. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heimskringla
''Heimskringla'' () is the best known of the Old Norse kings' sagas. It was written in Old Norse in Iceland by the poet and historian Snorre Sturlason (1178/79–1241) 1230. The name ''Heimskringla'' was first used in the 17th century, derived from the first two words of one of the manuscripts (''kringla heimsins'', "the circle of the world"). ''Heimskringla'' is a collection of sagas about Swedish and Norwegian kings, beginning with the saga of the legendary Swedish dynasty of the Ynglings, followed by accounts of historical Norwegian rulers from Harald Fairhair of the 9th century up to the death of the pretender Eystein Meyla in 1177. The exact sources of the Snorri's work are disputed, but they include earlier kings' sagas, such as Morkinskinna, Fagrskinna and the 12th-century Norwegian synoptic histories and oral traditions, notably many skaldic poems. He explicitly names the now lost work ''Hryggjarstykki'' as his source for the events of the mid-12th century. Although Sno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
