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Maria Theresa (other)
Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position ''suo jure'' (in her own right). She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Galicia and Lodomeria, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress. Maria Theresa started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died on 20 October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. He neglected the advice of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who believed that a strong military and a rich treasury were more important than mere signatures. Eventually, Charles VI left behind a weakened and impoverished state, particularly due to the War of the Polish Succession and the Russo-Turki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Van Meytens
Martin van Meytens (24 June 1695 – 23 March 1770) was a Sweden, Swedish-Austrian painter who painted members of the Royal Court of Austria such as Marie Antoinette, Maria Theresa, Maria Theresa of Austria, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, the Emperor's family and members of the local aristocracy. His painting style inspired many other painters to paint in a similar format. Life and career Martin van Meytens was born and baptised in Stockholm, Sweden, son of the painter Martin Mijtens the Elder, Martin Meytens the Elder, who had moved around 1677 from The Hague to Sweden. He went early in his career on an extended study trip. He visited London, Paris and Vienna, then he lived and worked for a long time in Italy (Rome, Turin). At the beginning he painted little enamel miniature portraits, and he changed to oil painting only around 1730, having settled in Vienna. Here he became very popular as a portrait painter in the circles of the court and the aristocracy. In 1732 he became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth Of Austria (born 1737)
* french: Marie Élisabeth Amélie Antoinette Joséphine Jeanne Gabrielle Agathe , birth_date = , birth_place = Vienna, Austria , death_date = , death_place = Laxenburg , burial_place = Imperial Crypt , house = Habsburg-Lorraine , father = Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Maria Theresa Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (5 February 1737 – 7 June 1740) was the eldest child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. Life Maria Elisabeth was born on 5 February 1737 at the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria. There was no great jubilation at the birth of the child, since her parents, including many courtiers, had wanted a son and heir. A lively and beautiful child, she soon became the favorite of both her parents. Her grandfather, Emperor Charles VI, spoke with pleasure of his eldest granddaughter, whom he nicknamed ''Liesl,'' and often played with her. During a visit to the Laxenburg Castle on 7 Ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette Josèphe Jeanne (; ; née Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna; 2 November 1755 – 16 October 1793) was the last queen of France before the French Revolution. She was born an archduchess of Austria, and was the penultimate child and youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She became dauphine of France in May 1770 at age 14 upon her marriage to Louis-Auguste, heir apparent to the French throne. On 10 May 1774, her husband ascended the throne as Louis XVI and she became queen. Marie Antoinette's position at court improved when, after eight years of marriage, she started having children. She became increasingly unpopular among the people, however, with the French ''libelles'' accusing her of being profligate, promiscuous, allegedly having illegitimate children, and harboring sympathies for France's perceived enemies—particularly her native Austria. The false accusations of the Affair of the Diamond Necklace damaged her reputation further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Karl, Archduke Of Austria-Este
Ferdinand is a Germanic name composed of the elements "protection", "peace" (PIE "to love, to make peace") or alternatively "journey, travel", Proto-Germanic , abstract noun from root "to fare, travel" (PIE , "to lead, pass over"), and "courage" or "ready, prepared" related to Old High German "to risk, venture." The name was adopted in Romance languages from its use in the Visigothic Kingdom. It is reconstructed as either Gothic or . It became popular in German-speaking Europe only from the 16th century, with Habsburg rule over Spain. Variants of the name include , , , and in Spanish, in Catalan, and and in Portuguese. The French forms are , '' Fernand'', and , and it is '' Ferdinando'' and in Italian. In Hungarian both and are used equally. The Dutch forms are and ''Ferry''. There are numerous short forms in many languages, such as the Finnish . There is a feminine Spanish, Portuguese and Italian form, . Royalty Aragón/León/Castile/Spain *Ferdina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Carolina Of Austria
Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia (13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was List of consorts of Naples, Queen of Naples and List of Sicilian consorts, Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. As ''de facto'' ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, Sir John Acton and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Charles III of Spain, Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Josepha Of Austria
Archduchess Maria Josepha of Austria (Maria Josepha Gabriella Johanna Antonia Anna; 19 March 1751 – 15 October 1767) was the duodenary daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa. She died of smallpox at the age of 16 and was buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria. Biography Childhood Maria Josepha was born on 19 March 1751 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, as the ninth daughter of Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. By birth, she was entitled to the position of Archduchess of Austria, as her other siblings were. Maria Josepha was the favourite of her brother Archduke Joseph. After the death of her sister-in-law Princess Isabella of Parma, Maria Josepha was the most important female at court after her mother, niece and sister. She lost that position during May 1767 when her elder brother, Archduke Joseph, married his second cousin Maria Josepha of Bavaria. Empress Maria Theresa wanted her fourth eldest survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Johanna Gabriela Of Austria
Archduchess Maria Johanna of Austria (german: Maria Johanna Gabriele Josefa Antonia; 4 February 1750 23 December 1762) was an Archduchess of Austria as the eleventh child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. She was originally meant to marry Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, however, the marriage plans were never finalised due to Maria Johanna’s death due to smallpox. Childhood Maria Johanna was born on 4 February 1750 at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, Austria, as the eleventh child and eighth daughter of Emperor Francis Stephen I and Empress Maria Theresa. She was raised in the ''Kindskammer'' with her many siblings, though she was particularly close with her sister Maria Josepha, whom was born a year after Maria Johanna in 1751. The two were educated together and had the same tutors. Maria Johanna strictly studied Latin, French, Italian, Greek, Spanish, German, English, history, geography, land surveying, mathematics, and theology—from the age of three. Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Carolina Of Austria (stillborn 1748)
Maria Carolina Louise Josepha Johanna Antonia (13 August 1752 – 8 September 1814) was List of consorts of Naples, Queen of Naples and List of Sicilian consorts, Sicily as the wife of King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. As ''de facto'' ruler of her husband's kingdoms, Maria Carolina oversaw the promulgation of many reforms, including the revocation of the ban on Freemasonry, the enlargement of the navy under her favorite, Sir John Acton, 6th Baronet, Sir John Acton and the expulsion of Spanish influence. She was a proponent of enlightened absolutism until the advent of the French Revolution, when, in order to prevent its ideas gaining currency, she made Naples a police state. Born an archduchess of Austria, the thirteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor Francis I, Maria Carolina married Ferdinand as part of an Austrian alliance with Spain, of which Charles III of Spain, Ferdinand's father was king. Following the birth of a male heir in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
, house =Habsburg-Lorraine , father = Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor , mother = Maria Theresa of Hungary and Bohemia , religion =Roman Catholicism , succession1 =Grand Duke of Tuscany , reign1 =18 August 1765 – 22 July 1790 , predecessor1 = Francis Stephen , successor1 = Ferdinand III , date of burial = , place of burial =Imperial Crypt , signature =Signatur Leopold II. (HRR).PNG Leopold II (Peter Leopold Josef Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. He was a son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, Maria Carolina, Queen of Naples, Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma, and Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor. Leopold was a moderate proponent of enlightened absolutism. He granted the Academ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Amalia, Duchess Of Parma
Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma (Maria Amalia Josepha Johanna Antonia; 26 February 1746 – 18 June 1804) was Duchess of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla by marriage to Ferdinand, Duke of Parma. She was born an archduchess of Austria as the daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. Childhood Maria Amalia was born on 26 February 1746, in Vienna, Austria. She was the eighth child of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis I. Born at the Hofburg Imperial Palace, she was raised in the Habsburg Viennese court in the winter and at Schönbrunn and Laxenburg in the summer. Like her siblings, she was regularly interviewed by her mother. Maria Amalia was mainly raised to be an ideal consort, as her sisters had been, and was taught arts and how to be obedient, dutiful and representative. Because of her age and the fact that the siblings were raised separated by gender, she was in practice raised as an only child. She did not have a good relationship with her mother: in fac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduke Charles Joseph Of Austria (born 1745)
Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria (''Carl Josef Emanuel Johann Nepomhk Anton Prokop''; 1 February 1745 – 18 January 1761) was the second son of the Habsburg ruler Empress Maria Theresa I and her husband, Francis of Lorraine. Life Charles Joseph was the favourite son of Maria Theresa and Francis. He is known to have hated his older brother, the future Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II. He ridiculed him for his haughtiness and thought himself to be more deserving of the Crown of the Holy Roman Empire because he was the first son born to Maria Theresa during her reign as Empress. Charles Joseph often said that he meant to contend with his brother for the imperial crown. In contrast to his older brother Joseph, who later became Holy Roman Emperor , he was considered extroverted and open-minded. The boy soon became his parents' favorite son and, with his charm and intelligence, won the affection and respect of his siblings and the entire court. Death The rivalry between the brothers wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth Of Austria (born 1743)
Archduchess Maria Elisabeth of Austria (Maria Elisabeth Josepha Johanna Antonia; 13 August 1743 – 22 September 1808) was an archduchess of Austria and princess of Tuscany. She was the sixth daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and Emperor Francis Stephan and was an abbess of the Convent for Noble Ladies in Innsbruck from 1780 until 1806. Early life Born on 13 August 1743, Maria Elisabeth Josepha Johanna Antonia was the sixth child of Holy Roman Empress Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis Stephen. She was given the customary education of an archduchess during her time, with a focus on accomplishments designed to make her a quintessential consort. Maria Elisabeth was known as "Liesl" within the family circle. Maria Elisabeth was described as somewhat unstable and eccentric, without any particular interests. Since her birth, she was considered to be the most beautiful of all her sisters—and reportedly, she was well-aware of this fact. Her mother, Empress Maria Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
