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Marcus Aquila Julianus
The gens Aquillia or Aquilia was a plebeian family of great antiquity at ancient Rome. Two of the Aquillii are mentioned among the Roman nobles who conspired to bring back the Tarquins, and a member of the house, Gaius Aquillius Tuscus, was consul in 487 BC. Origin The nomen ''Aquilius'' or ''Aquillius'' is probably derived from ''aquila'', an eagle. On coins and inscriptions the name is almost always written ''Aquillius'', but in manuscripts generally with a single ''l''. The oldest branch of the family bore the cognomen ''Tuscus'', suggesting that the ''gens'' may have been of Etruscan origin, although the nomen of the gens is indisputably Latin, and the name ''Tuscus'' could have been acquired in other ways. This cognomen is nonetheless dubious as only found in late sources; Robert Broughton mentions that it could have also been ''Sabinus''. From the imagery of their coins, it seems that the Aquillii had a special devotion for Sol, a rare occurrence under the Republic. Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plebeian
In ancient Rome, the plebeians (also called plebs) were the general body of free Roman citizens who were not patricians, as determined by the census, or in other words " commoners". Both classes were hereditary. Etymology The precise origins of the group and the term are unclear, but may be related to the Greek, ''plēthos'', meaning masses. In Latin, the word is a singular collective noun, and its genitive is . Plebeians were not a monolithic social class. Those who resided in the city and were part of the four urban tribes are sometimes called the , while those who lived in the country and were part of the 31 smaller rural tribes are sometimes differentiated by using the label . (List of Roman tribes) In ancient Rome In the annalistic tradition of Livy and Dionysius, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was as old as Rome itself, instituted by Romulus' appointment of the first hundred senators, whose descendants became the patriciate. Modern hypotheses date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus (praenomen)
Marcus () is a Latin '' praenomen'', or personal name, which was one of the most common names throughout Roman history. The feminine form is ''Marca'' or ''Marcia''. The praenomen was used by both patrician and plebeian families, and gave rise to the patronymic '' gens Marcia'', as well as the ''cognomen Marcellus''. It was regularly abbreviated M.''Dictionary of Greek & Roman Biography & Mythology''''Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft''Mika Kajava, ''Roman Female Praenomina: Studies in the Nomenclature of Roman Women'' (1994) At all periods of Roman history, Marcus was the third-most popular praenomen, trailing only ''Lucius'' and ''Gaius''. Although many prominent families did not use it, it was a favorite of countless others. The name survived the Roman Empire and has continued to be used, in various forms, into modern times. Origin and meaning of the name The praenomen Marcus is generally conceded to be derived from the name of the god Mars. It has been pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valeria Gens
The gens Valeria was a patrician family at ancient Rome, prominent from the very beginning of the Republic to the latest period of the Empire. Publius Valerius Poplicola was one of the consuls in 509 BC, the year that saw the overthrow of the Tarquins, and the members of his family were among the most celebrated statesmen and generals at the beginning of the Republic. Over the next ten centuries, few gentes produced as many distinguished men, and at every period the name of ''Valerius'' was constantly to be found in the lists of annual magistrates, and held in the highest honour. Several of the emperors claimed descent from the Valerii, whose name they bore as part of their official nomenclature.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, pp. 1215, 1216 ("Valeria Gens"). A number of unusual privileges attached to this family, including the right to burial within the city walls, and a special place for its members in the Circus Maximus, where the uniq ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Raven
The common raven (''Corvus corax'') is a large all-black passerine bird. It is the most widely distributed of all corvids, found across the Northern Hemisphere. It is a raven known by many names at the subspecies level; there are at least eight subspecies with little variation in appearance, although recent research has demonstrated significant genetic differences among populations from various regions. It is one of the two largest corvids, alongside the thick-billed raven, and is possibly the heaviest passerine bird; at maturity, the common raven averages in length and in mass. Although their typical lifespan is considerably shorter, common ravens can live more than 23 years in the wild. Young birds may travel in flocks but later mate for life, with each mated pair defending a territory. Common ravens have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and in some areas have been so numerous that people have regarded them as pests. Part of their success as a species is due ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Kingdom
The Roman Kingdom (also referred to as the Roman monarchy, or the regal period of ancient Rome) was the earliest period of Roman history when the city and its territory were ruled by kings. According to oral accounts, the Roman Kingdom began with the city's founding 753 BC, with settlements around the Palatine Hill along the river Tiber in central Italy, and ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic 509 BC. Little is certain about the kingdom's history as no records and few inscriptions from the time of the kings survive. The accounts of this period written during the Republic and the Empire are thought largely to be based on oral tradition. Origin The site of the founding of the Roman Kingdom (and eventual Republic and Empire) had a ford where one could cross the river Tiber in central Italy. The Palatine Hill and hills surrounding it provided easily defensible positions in the wide fertile plain surrounding them. Each of these features c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lex Licinia Sextia
The Licino-Sextian rogations were a series of laws proposed by tribunes of the plebs, Gaius Licinius Stolo and Lucius Sextius Lateranus, enacted around 367 BC. Livy calls them ''rogatio'' – though he does refer to them at times as ''lex'' – as the plebeian assembly did not at the time have the power to enact ''leges'' (laws). These laws provided for a limit on the interest rate of loans and a restriction on private ownership of land. A third law, which provided for one of the two consuls to be a plebeian, was rejected. Two of these laws were passed in 368 BC, after the two proponents had been elected and re-elected tribunes for nine consecutive years and had successfully prevented the election of patrician magistrates for five years (375-370 BC). In 367 BC, during their tenth tribunate, this law was passed. In the same year they also proposed a fourth law regarding the priests who were the custodians of the sacred Sibylline Books. These laws and the long struggle to pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patrician (ancient Rome)
The patricians (from la, patricius, Greek: πατρίκιος) were originally a group of ruling class families in ancient Rome. The distinction was highly significant in the Roman Kingdom, and the early Republic, but its relevance waned after the Conflict of the Orders (494 BC to 287 BC). By the time of the late Republic and Empire, membership in the patriciate was of only nominal significance. The social structure of Ancient Rome revolved around the distinction between the patricians and the plebeians. The status of patricians gave them more political power than the plebeians. The relationship between the patricians and the plebeians eventually caused the Conflict of the Orders. This time period resulted in changing the social structure of Ancient Rome. After the Western Empire fell, the term "patrician" continued as a high honorary title in the Eastern Empire. In the Holy Roman Empire and in many medieval Italian republics, medieval patrician classes were once again formal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gallus (cognomen)
__NOTOC__ This is a list of Roman cognomen, cognomina. A Abercius (other), Abercius, Abito, Abundantius (consul), Abundantius, Abundius (given name), Abundius, Abundus, Aburianus, Acacius (other), Acacius, Acaunus, Acceptus, Achaicus (other), Achaicus, Acidinus, Acilianus, Aculeo, Acutianus, Acutus, Adauctus, Adelphius (other), Adelphius, Adiutor, Adranos, Adventus (other), Adventus, Aeacus, Aebutus, Aedesius, Aelianus, Aemilianus (other), Aemilianus, Aeserninus, Aetius (other), Aetius, Afer (cognomen), Afer, Africanus (other), Africanus, Afrinus, Agaptus, Agatopus, Agelastus, Agorix, Agricola (other), Agricola, Agrippa (other), Agrippa, Agrippianus, Agrippinillus, Agrippinus (other), Agrippinus, Ahala (other), Ahala, Ahenobarbus (other), Ahenobarbus, Albanianus, Saint Alban, Albanus, Albillus, Albinianus, Albinius, Albinus (cognomen), Alb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Florus (Roman Name)
__NOTOC__ This is a list of Roman cognomina. A Abercius, Abito, Abundantius, Abundius, Abundus, Aburianus, Acacius, Acaunus, Acceptus, Achaicus, Acidinus, Acilianus, Aculeo, Acutianus, Acutus, Adauctus, Adelphius, Adiutor, Adranos, Adventus, Aeacus, Aebutus, Aedesius, Aelianus, Aemilianus, Aeserninus, Aetius, Afer, Africanus, Afrinus, Agaptus, Agatopus, Agelastus, Agorix, Agricola, Agrippa, Agrippianus, Agrippinillus, Agrippinus, Ahala, Ahenobarbus, Albanianus, Albanus, Albillus, Albinianus, Albinius, Albinus, Albucillus, Albucius, Albus, Alcimus, Alethius, Alienus, Allectus, Aluredes, Alypius, Amabilis, Amandianus, Amandinus, Amandus, Amantillus, Amantius, Amarantus, Amator, Amatus, Ambrosius, Ambustus (associated with gens Fabia), Amor, Amphion, Ampliatus, Anatolius, Andronicus, Angelus, Annaeanus, Annianus, Anniolus, Antias, Antius, Antiquus, Antistianus, Antonianus, Antonill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crassus (cognomen)
__NOTOC__ This is a list of Roman cognomina. A Abercius, Abito, Abundantius, Abundius, Abundus, Aburianus, Acacius, Acaunus, Acceptus, Achaicus, Acidinus, Acilianus, Aculeo, Acutianus, Acutus, Adauctus, Adelphius, Adiutor, Adranos, Adventus, Aeacus, Aebutus, Aedesius, Aelianus, Aemilianus, Aeserninus, Aetius, Afer, Africanus, Afrinus, Agaptus, Agatopus, Agelastus, Agorix, Agricola, Agrippa, Agrippianus, Agrippinillus, Agrippinus, Ahala, Ahenobarbus, Albanianus, Albanus, Albillus, Albinianus, Albinius, Albinus, Albucillus, Albucius, Albus, Alcimus, Alethius, Alienus, Allectus, Aluredes, Alypius, Amabilis, Amandianus, Amandinus, Amandus, Amantillus, Amantius, Amarantus, Amator, Amatus, Ambrosius, Ambustus (associated with gens Fabia), Amor, Amphion, Ampliatus, Anatolius, Andronicus, Angelus, Annaeanus, Annianus, Anniolus, Antias, Antius, Antiquus, Antistianus, Antonianus, Antonill ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corvus (cognomen)
''Corvus'' is a widely distributed genus of medium-sized to large birds in the family Corvidae. It includes species commonly known as crows, ravens and rooks. The species commonly encountered in Europe are the carrion crow, the hooded crow, the common raven and the rook; those discovered later were named "crow" or "raven" chiefly on the basis of their size, crows generally being smaller. The genus name is Latin for "crow". The 45 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate continents except South America, and several islands. The ''Corvus'' genus makes up a third of the species in the family Corvidae. The members appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had evolved in Australia. The collective name for a group of crows is a "flock" or a "murder". Recent research has found some crow species capable of not only tool use, but also tool construction. Crows are now considered to be among the world's most intelligent animals with an encephalization quotie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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