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Map Symbol
A map symbol or cartographic symbol is a graphical device used to visually represent a real-world feature on a map, working in the same fashion as other forms of symbols. Map symbols may include point markers, lines, regions, continuous fields, or text; these can be designed visually in their shape, size, color, pattern, and other graphic variables to represent a variety of information about each phenomenon being represented. Map symbols simultaneously serve several purposes: * Declare the existence of geographic phenomena * Show location and extent * Visualize attribute information * Add to (or detract from) the aesthetic appeal of the map, and/or evoke a particular aesthetic reaction (a "look and feel") * Establish an overall gestalt order to make the map more or less useful, including visual hierarchy Representing spatial phenomena Symbols are used to represent geographic phenomena, which exist in, and are represented by, a variety of spatial forms. Different kinds of symbol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
India Roadway Map (cropped)
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since 2023; and, since its independence in 1947, the world's most populous democracy. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west; China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is near Sri Lanka and the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago., "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. ... Coalescence dates for most non-European populations averag ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses". It encompasses all aspects of intellectual functions and processes such as: perception, attention, thought, imagination, intelligence, the formation of knowledge, memory and working memory, judgment and evaluation, reasoning and computation, problem-solving and decision-making, comprehension and production of language. Cognitive processes use existing knowledge to discover new knowledge. Cognitive processes are analyzed from very different perspectives within different contexts, notably in the fields of linguistics, musicology, anesthesia, neuroscience, psychiatry, psychology, education, philosophy, anthropology, biology, systemics, logic, and computer science. These and other approaches to the analysis of cognition (such as embodied cognition) are synthesized in the developing field of cognitive science, a progressively autonomou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychology Of Color
Color psychology is the study of colors and hues as a determinant of human behavior. Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food. Colors have qualities that may cause certain emotions in people. How color influences individuals may differ depending on age, gender, and culture. Although color associations may vary contextually from culture to culture, one author asserts that color preference may be relatively uniform across gender and race. Color psychology is widely used in marketing and branding. Marketers see color as an important factor, since color may influence consumer emotions and perceptions about goods and services. Logos for companies are important, since the logos may attract more customers. The field of color psychology applies to many other domains such as medical therapy, sports, hospital settings, and even in game design. Carl Jung has been credited as one of the pioneers in this field for his research on the properties and meaning ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transit Map
A transit map is a topological map in the form of a schematic diagram used to illustrate the routes and stations within a public transport system—whether this be bus, tram, rapid transit, commuter rail or ferry routes. Metro maps, subway maps, or tube maps of metropolitan railways are some common examples. The primary function of a transit map is to facilitating the passengers' orientation and navigation, helping them to efficiently use the public transport system and identify which stations function as Interchange station, interchange between lines. Transit maps can usually be found in the transit vehicles, at the railway platform, platforms or in printed public transport timetable, timetables. They are also accessible through digital platforms like Mobile app, mobile apps and Website, websites, ensuring widespread availability and convenience for passengers. History The mapping of transit systems was at first generally geographically accurate, but abstract route-maps of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartographic Generalization
Cartographic generalization, or map generalization, includes all changes in a map that are made when one derives a scale (map), smaller-scale map from a larger-scale map or map data. It is a core part of cartographic design. Whether done manually by a cartographer or by a computer or set of algorithms, generalization seeks to abstract geospatial information, spatial information at a high Level of detail (computer graphics), level of detail to information that can be rendered on a map at a lower level of detail. The cartographer has license to adjust the content within their maps to create a suitable and useful map that conveys spatial information, while striking the right balance between the map's purpose and the precise detail of the subject being mapped. Well generalized maps are those that emphasize the most important map elements while still representing the world in the most faithful and recognizable way. History During the first half of the 20th century, cartographers began t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cartogram
A cartogram (also called a value-area map or an anamorphic map, the latter common among German-speakers) is a thematic map of a set of features (countries, provinces, etc.), in which their geographic size is altered to be Proportionality (mathematics), directly proportional to a selected variable, such as travel time, population, or gross national income. Geographic space itself is thus warped, sometimes extremely, in order to visualize the distribution of the variable. It is one of the most abstract types of map; in fact, some forms may more properly be called diagrams. They are primarily used to display emphasis and for analysis as Nomography, nomographs. Cartograms leverage the fact that size is the most intuitive visual variable for representing a total amount.Jacque Bertin, ''Sémiologie Graphique. Les diagrammes, les réseaux, les cartes''. With Marc Barbut [et al.]. Paris : Gauthier-Villars. ''Semiology of Graphics'', English Edition, Translation by William J. Berg, Univ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographic Information Science And Technology Body Of Knowledge
__NOTOC__ The Geographic Information Science and Technology Body of Knowledge (GISTBoK) is a reference document produced by the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) as the first product of its Model Curricula project, started in 1997 by Duane Marble and a select task force, and completed in 2006 by David DiBiase and a team of editors. The ''GISTBoK'' is the most successful effort to date to create a comprehensive outline of the concepts and skills unique to the geospatial realm, including geographic information systems, geographic information science, remote sensing, satellite navigation systems, and cartography. However, it is missing some topics, such as geocoding, and has significant granularity issues: large, mature subfields such as surveying, GPS, and remote sensing are covered in small sections, while the relatively immature field of geocomputation is granted an entire knowledge area. There is also opposition to the document as a whole, espe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Figure-ground Contrast (cartography)
Figure-ground contrast, in the context of map design, is a property of a map in which the map image can be partitioned into a single feature or type of feature that is considered as an object of attention (the ''figure''), with the remainder of the map being relegated to the background, outside the current focus of attention.Tait, Alex (2018Visual Hierarchy and Layout ''The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (2nd Quarter 2018 Edition)'', John P. Wilson (ed.). DOI: 10.22224/gistbok/2018.2.4 It is thus based on the concept of figure–ground from Gestalt psychology. For example, in a street map with strong figure-ground contrast, the reader would be able to isolate and focus attention on individual features, like a given street, park, or lake, as well as layers of related features, like the street network. Strong figure-ground contrast has been seen as a desirable goal of map design, because it helps the map reader to perceive distinct geographic phenomen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacques Bertin
Jacques Bertin (27 July 1918 – 3 May 2010) was a French cartographer and theorist, known from his book ''Sémiologie Graphique'' (''Semiology of Graphics''), published in 1967. This monumental work, based on his experience as a cartographer and geographer, represents the first and widest intent to provide a theoretical foundation to Information Visualization,Juan C. Dürsteler (2000-08)Interview with Jacques Bertin Retrieved 23 June 2008. with his most lasting contribution being his set of visual variables that can be used to construct map symbols and other graphical techniques one of then being the Bertin Projection, an innovative map projection type, or to seriate them (the Bertin Matrix). Biography Jacques Bertin was born in 1918 in Maisons-Laffitte, Yvelines. When he was 10, he received the first prize of cartography at primary school. He never had problems with drawing, and pursued interests including architecture, the teaching of drawing and cartography. Finally he en ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Star Of David
The Star of David (, , ) is a symbol generally recognized as representing both Jewish identity and Judaism. Its shape is that of a hexagram: the compound of two equilateral triangles. A derivation of the Seal of Solomon was used for decorative and mystical purposes by Kabbalah, Kabbalistic Jews and Muslims. The hexagram appears occasionally in Jewish contexts since antiquity as a decorative motif, such as a stone bearing a hexagram from the arch of the 3rd–4th century Khirbet Shura synagogue. A hexagram found in a religious context can be seen in a Leningrad Codex, manuscript of the Hebrew Bible from 11th-century Cairo. Its association as a distinctive symbol for the Jewish people and their religion dates to 17th-century Prague. In the 19th century, the symbol began to be widely used by the History of the Jews in Europe, Jewish communities of Eastern Europe, ultimately coming to represent Jewish identity or religious beliefs."The Flag and the Emblem" (MFA). It became repr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Semiotic Theory Of Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce began writing on semiotics, which he also called semeiotics, meaning the philosophical study of signs, in the 1860s, around the time that he devised his system of three categories. During the 20th century, the term "semiotics" was adopted to cover all tendencies of sign researches, including Ferdinand de Saussure's semiology, which began in linguistics as a completely separate tradition. Peirce adopted the term ''semiosis'' (or ''semeiosis'') and defined it to mean an "action, or influence, which is, or involves, a cooperation of ''three'' subjects, such as a sign, its object, and its interpretant, this trirelative influence not being in any way resolvable into actions between pairs." This specific type of triadic relation is fundamental to Peirce's understanding of logic as formal semiotic. By "logic" he meant philosophical logic. He eventually divided (philosophical) logic, or formal semiotics, into (1) speculative grammar, or stechiology on the el ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
