|
Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza
Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza (1 October 1837 – 27 March 1917) was a Peruvian lawyer, magistrate, university professor and politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of Francisco García Calderón, during the Chilean occupation in the middle of the War of the Pacific, being arrested and confined in Chile together with said president for refusing to sign peace with territorial cession (1881). During the government of Eduardo López de Romaña he was president of the Council of Ministers and again Minister of Foreign Affairs (1899). He was also a representative and senator of the Republic, and prosecutor of the Supreme Court, as well as professor of Civil Law and dean of the Faculty of Jurisprudence of the National University of San Marcos. Early life Born to a prominent family of Spanish descent, he was the son of colonel José Manuel Gálvez Paz and María Micaela Egúsquiza y Aristizábal. He was the youngest of the Gálvez brothers, who had an i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prime Minister Of Peru
The president of the Council of Ministers of Peru ( es, link=no, presidente del Consejo de Ministros del Perú), informally called Premier (form of address) or Prime Minister, is the head of the cabinet as the most senior member of the Council of Ministers. The president of the Council of Ministers is appointed by the president of Peru (pending ratification by Congress, as with all other cabinet members). The president of the Council of Ministers is not the head of government, since, the president of Peru serves both as head of state and head of government. Peru is one of the few countries in Latin America (others include Argentina, Cuba, and Haiti) where the position of prime minister currently exists. The current prime minister is Alberto Otárola. Reform There has been recent debate on whether the prime minister's role should be strengthened, effectively making the prime minister Peru's head of government and transforming the country into a semi-presidential system like ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Pacific
The War of the Pacific ( es, link=no, Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Saltpeter War ( es, link=no, Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884. Fought over Chilean claims on coastal Bolivian territory in the Atacama Desert, the war ended with a Chilean victory, which gained for the country a significant amount of resource-rich territory from Peru and Bolivia. The war began over a nitrate taxation dispute between Bolivia and Chile, with Peru being drawn in due to its secret alliance with Bolivia. But historians have pointed to deeper origins of the war, such as the interest of Chile and Peru in the nitrate business, the long-standing rivalry between Chile and Peru, as well as political and economical disparities between Chile, Peru and Bolivia. On February 14, 1879, Chile's armed forces occupied the Bolivian port city of Antofagasta, subsequently war between Bolivia and Chile was declare ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Ambassadors Of Peru To Spain
The Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Peru to the Kingdom of Spain is the official representative of the Republic of Peru to the Kingdom of Spain, being also accredited to the Principality of Andorra. Peru and Spain officially established relations in August 15, 1879, under Alfonso XII and have since maintained diplomatic relations with a brief exception during the years 1936 to 1939 as a result of the Spanish Civil War. Andorra and Peru officially established relations on June 3, 1997. List of representatives Representatives (1826–1879) Representatives (1879–present) See also * List of ambassadors of Peru to Morocco * List of ambassadors of Peru to Portugal References {{reflist Ambassadors of Peru to Spain Spain Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = National seal , national_motto = "Firm a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embassy Of Peru, Madrid
The Embassy of Peru in Madrid is the foremost diplomatic mission of Peru in Spain. The current ambassador is Walter Gutiérrez. Spain also maintains an Embassy in Lima, headed by its Ambassador, Alejandro Alvargonzález San Martín. History Both countries officially established relations on August 15, 1879, under Alfonso XII and have since maintained diplomatic relations with a brief exception during the years 1936 to 1939 as a result of the Spanish blockade of the embassy during the Spanish Civil War due to the influx of refugees at the time. When the Peruvian embassy in Rabat ''de facto'' closed in 1973 due to a lack of a ''chargé d'affaires'', the embassy in Madrid became accredited to the North African country. After Peru established relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, the Moroccan government began a diplomatic campaign which led to the embassy reopening in 1986, with both countries strengthening their relations. The embassy was formerly located at build ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramón Castilla
Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (; 31 August 1797 – 30 May 1867) was a Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru (Revolution Self-proclaimed President) in 1863. His earliest prominent appearance in Peruvian history began with his participation in a commanding role of the army of the Libertadores that helped Peru become an independent nation. Later, he led the country when the economy boomed due to the exploitation of guano deposits. Castilla's governments are remembered for having abolished slavery and modernized the state. He assumed the presidency for the first time after general Domingo Nieto's death for a short period in 1844, then in 1845 until 1851, again from 1855 to 1862 and, finally, during a brief period in 1863. First years Castilla was born in Tarapacá (then part of the Viceroyalty of Peru), the second son of Pedro Castilla, of Spanish-Argentine origin, and Juana Marquezado de Romero, who was of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guano Era
The Guano Era refers to a period of stability and prosperity in Peru during the mid-19th century. It was sustained on the substantial revenues generated by the export of guano and the strong leadership of president Ramón Castilla. The starting date for the guano era is commonly considered to be 1845, the year in which Castilla started his first administration. It ended shortly after the war between Spain and Peru in 1866. Invasion of Bolivia Agustín Gamarra, named president by Congress, was anxious to once again attempt to unite Peru with Bolivia, however this time under Peruvian governorship rather than by confederation. He invaded Bolivia in 1841 with the Battle of Ingavi commencing a war between the two countries. In the process he died during the Battle of Ingavi. At his death, a state of discord ran through Peru, with various military caudillos claiming themselves president. Time of peace and prosperity 20 April 1845, Ramon Castilla assumed the presidency. His governm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Convictorio De San Carlos
The Real Convictorio de San Carlos, or Convictorio de San Carlos after independence, was a college in Lima created at the end of the Viceroyalty of Peru and which survived until the first decades of the Peruvian Republic. It was housed at the ''Casona de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos''. A conservative school, it had a longstanding rivalry with the more liberal . It was established in 1770 by a royal decree of Viceroy Manuel de Amat y Junyent that merged the defunct colleges of San Martín and San Felipe after the expulsion of the Jesuits. It was closed in October 1817, but later reopened after the independence of Peru, in 1822. After its reopening, it worked without issues until 1866, when it became the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences of the National University of San Marcos. Notable alumni *Antonio Arenas *Luis Germán Astete * Benjamín Boza *Manuel Candamo *José Gálvez Egúsquiza *Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza *Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza *Aurelio Garcí ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
College Of Our Lady Of Guadalupe
The College of Our Lady of Guadalupe is a Secular education, secular public education school in Lima, Peru. Originally founded on Jirón Apurímac, Chacarilla Street in the Guadalupe neighbourhood on November 14, 1840, it moved in 1909 to its current location on Avenida Alfonso Ugarte, Alfonso Ugarte Avenue, built during the government of Augusto B. Leguía. The college has played an important function in the doctrinal, intellectual and political life of Peru. Many of its alumni have stood out in different professional fields. History Early 19th century In 1839, during the second government of President Agustín Gamarra, there were already numerous state and private educational establishments in Lima aimed at careers as lawyers, priests or doctors, so a preparatory or elementary school was necessary. Driven by this motivation, landowner Domingo Elías and the wealthy Spaniard Nicolás Rodrigo, in a notice published on November 14, 1840, announced that they had decided to open the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Congress Of The Republic Of Peru
The Congress of the Republic of Peru ( es, Congreso de la República) is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru. Congress' composition is established by Chapter I of Title IV of the Constitution of Peru. Congress is composed of representatives who sit in congressional districts allocated to each region, as well as two special districts, Lima Province and Peruvian citizens living abroad, on a basis of population as measured by the Peruvian Census in multi-member districts. The number of voting representatives is fixed by the Constitution at 130. Pursuant to the 2017 Census, the largest delegation is that of Lima Province, with 36 representatives. Due to broadly interpreted impeachment wording in the 1993 Constitution of Peru, the Congress can impeach the President of Peru without cause, effectively making the legislature more powerful than the executive branch. Corruption is widespread throughout Congress as legislators use their office for parliamentary ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza
Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza (Cajamarca, April 28, 1822 – Paris, August 23, 1872) was a Peruvian lawyer, politician, educator and diplomat. A staunch liberal, he was one of the leaders of the Liberal Revolution of 1854 headed by General Ramón Castilla. He is remembered for having been the drafter of the decree that abolished the tribute of the natives. He was Minister of Justice and Worship in 1855, and Minister of Finance and Commerce in 1862, in the second government of Ramón Castilla; President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Government (1868–1869) in the government of José Balta; constituent deputy (1855–1857) and senator (1868–1869). Likewise, he exercised various diplomatic representations in the United States, Latin America and Europe. Early life Son of Lima colonel José Manuel Gálvez Paz and María Micaela Egúsquiza y Aristizábal. Two of his brothers also became notable characters: José Gálvez Egúsquiza (1819–1866), a liberal leader who was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Callao
The Battle of Callao (, as it is known in South America) occurred on May 2, 1866, between a Spanish fleet under the command of Admiral Casto Méndez Núñez and the fortified battery emplacements of the Peruvian port city of Callao during the Chincha Islands War. The Spanish fleet bombarded the port of Callao (or El Callao), and eventually withdrew without any notable damage to the city structures, according to the Peruvian and American sources; or after having silenced almost all the guns of the coastal defenses, according to the Spanish accounts and French observers. This proved to be the final battle of the war between Spanish and Peruvian forces. Background President Juan Antonio Pezet assumed the presidency of Peru in April 1863, at a time when Spain was making efforts to recover some prestige by recovering its lost colonies in America. Spain began its campaign by seizing the Chincha Islands, which were rich in guano, and demanding indemnity as recompense for the murder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Gálvez Egúsquiza
José Gabriel Gálvez Egúsquiza (Cajamarca, March 17, 1819 - Callao, May 2, 1866) was a Peruvian lawyer, professor and liberal politician. During the presidential government of Mariano Ignacio Prado he was Secretary—i.e. Minister—of War and Navy (1865). He was killed in action during the Battle of Callao, where he died fighting the Spanish squadron, thus becoming a symbol of the independence of America. Chilean historian Benjamín Vicuña Mackenna, who met him in person, described him as "a man of modest figure, small of body, dark, pale, with a carefully combed head, careful in his suit and extremely soft and attractive manners. But under that cold and sweet appearance he hid a big heart and a vast and developed intelligence." Biography His parents were Colonel José Manuel Gálvez Paz from Lima and María Micaela Egúsquiza y Aristizábal. He was the eldest of his brothers, who included Pedro Gálvez Egúsquiza and Manuel María Gálvez Egúsquiza. His first studies wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.svg "Click for more on -> Guano Era")
