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Manono-Kitolo Mine
The Manono-Kitolo mine is a former tin and coltan mine, which also contains one of the largest lithium reserves in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The mine is located in southern Democratic Republic of the Congo in Tanganyika Province. The Manono-Kitolo mine has reserves amounting to 120 million tonnes of lithium ore grading 0.6% lithium thus resulting 0.72 million tonnes of lithium. History Original mine The mine was run by Géomines from 1915 to the mid 1980s, producing 140,000 tons of cassiterite (tin) and 10,000 tons of columbite-tantalite (coltan). Since the mine's closure, companies have focused on the large lithium reserves at the site. Lithium project In 2018 studies reported a significant high-grade lithium deposit, estimated to have the potential of 1.5 billion tons of lithium spodumene hard rock situated in Manono in central DRC. AVZ Minerals, an Australian company, is developing the Manono lithium and tin project and claims to own (75%) of a joint venture with ...
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Tanganyika Province
Tanganyika is one of the 21 new provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo created in the 2015 repartitioning. Tanganyika, Haut-Katanga, Haut-Lomami and Lualaba provinces are the result of the splitting up of the former Katanga province. Tanganyika was formed from the Tanganyika district whose town of Kalemie was elevated to capital city of the new province. The new province's territory corresponds to the historic Nord-Katanga province that existed in the early period of post-colonial Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1962 and 1966. History Tanganyika province was the scene of a rebellion by the Luba-Katanga people against the independent state of Katanga. In 1961, it was reconquered by the Katanga state, only to be taken back by the Kinshasa government later that year. From July 11, 1962, to December 28, 1966, this area was known as the province of ''Nord-Katanga'', but the administration of the province was taken over in 1966 by the central government, and i ...
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Manono, Democratic Republic Of The Congo
Manono is a town and territory in Tanganyika Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo. History Manono was seriously affected by the Second Congo War (1998-2003), with many buildings destroyed. Rally for Congolese Democracy rebels and allied Rwandan soldiers took control of Manono in 1999. A hydro-electric power plant used to provide electricity, and the town used to have a brewery, which supplied the surrounding region; both were destroyed during the war. The UN carried out arms decommissioning in 2008, offering to accept guns in exchange for a bicycle. The scheme was successful in removing weapons. Manono later became affected by the Katanga insurgency; by 2014/15, Gédéon Kyungu Mutanga, the leader of the Mai Mai Kata Katanga rebel group, operated in the area before relocating. Elements of his group continued to hold out in Manono Territory. In November 2021, three commanders and 169 Mai Mai Bakata Katanga militants surrendered to the government in Manono's Mpyana sector. ...
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Australian Financial Review
''The Australian Financial Review'' (abbreviated to the ''AFR'') is an Australian business-focused, compact daily newspaper covering the current business and economic affairs of Australia and the world. The newspaper is based in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; owned by Nine Entertainment and has been published continuously since its founding in 1951. The ''AFR'', along with the rest of Fairfax Media (aside from some publications which were sold to Australian Community Media), was sold to Nine Entertainment for more than A$2.3 billion.Mergermarket - An Acuris company. (n.d''.). Fairfax Media Limited Nine Entertainment Co. Holdings Ltd Merger.'' Retrieved from www.mergermarket.com/Common/Mergermarket/Deals/DealDetails.aspx?dealsysid=933952&extern=19&id=239512&contextid=1018456074&zone=205¤cyCode=AUD The ''AFR'' is published in tabloid format six times a week, whilst providing 24/7 online coverage through its website. In November 2019, the ''AFR'' reached 2.647 million Au ...
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International Court Of Arbitration
ICC International Court of Arbitration is an institution for the resolution of international commercial disputes. It operates under the auspices of the International Chamber of Commerce and consists of more than 100 arbitrators from roughly 90 countries. Contrary to what its name suggests, the ICC does not issue formal judgements. Instead, it provides "judicial supervision of arbitration proceedings." The court's official working languages are English and French. However, cases can be administered in any language. The headquarters of the ICC is in Paris, France. As of 9 January 2020, the court has registered 25,000 cases since its creation. It also saw a record number of cases registered in 2019, an indication of the ICC's efforts to expand its services in recent years. Background The Court was founded in 1923 under the leadership of the ICC's first president Étienne Clémentel Étienne Clémentel (11 January 1864 – 25 December 1936) was a French politician. He served a ...
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Zijin Mining
Zijin Mining Group Co., Limited is a multi-national mining company headquartered in Mainland China. Background Zijin is a Shanghai Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange listed mining company principally engaged in the prospecting, exploration, and mining of gold, copper, and other mineral resources with operations in 11 countries. Its largest shareholder Shanghang Minxi Xinghang State-Owned Property Investment Company, which holds 24% of Zijin, is owned by the government of Shanghang County, Fujian Province, where Zijin's head office is located. Zijin is one of the largest gold, copper and zinc producers in China. Activities In 2006, Zijin had 49.28 tons of the gold output and the gold produced from mining reached 20.70 tons, respectively accounting for 20.53% of China's total gold production and 11.51% of the gold produced from mining in China in the same year. In 2010 gold output had reached 69 tons but was expected to be only 37 tons in 2018, slightly less than the p ...
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Der Spiegel
''Der Spiegel'' (, lit. ''"The Mirror"'') is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of 695,100 copies, it was the largest such publication in Europe in 2011. It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner, a British army officer, and Rudolf Augstein, a former Wehrmacht radio operator who was recognized in 2000 by the International Press Institute as one of the fifty World Press Freedom Heroes. Typically, the magazine has a content to advertising ratio of 2:1. ''Der Spiegel'' is known in German-speaking countries mostly for its investigative journalism. It has played a key role in uncovering many political scandals such as the ''Spiegel'' affair in 1962 and the Flick affair in the 1980s. According to ''The Economist'', ''Der Spiegel'' is one of continental Europe's most influential magazines. The news website by the same name was launched in 1994 under the name ''Spiegel Online'' with an independent editorial staff. Today, the content is ...
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CATL
Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (), abbreviated as CATL, is a Chinese battery manufacturer and technology company founded in 2011 that specializes in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage systems, as well as battery management systems (BMS). With a market share of 32.6% in 2021, CATL is the biggest lithium-ion battery manufacturer for EVs in the world, producing 96.7 GWh of the global 296.8 GWh, up 167.5% year on year. The company plans to have a manufacturing capacity target of >500 Gwh by 2025 and >800 Gwh by 2030. It is headquartered in Ningde, Fujian Province and operates manufacturing bases in Ningde, Fujian province; Xining, Qinghai province; Liyang, Jiangsu province; Yibin, Sichuan province; Zhaoqing, Guangdong province and in its first overseas plant located in Erfurt, Germany. Its four main R&D centers are based in Ningde, Fujian; Liyang, Jiangsu; Shanghai and Munich, Germany. History CATL was founded in Ningde, ...
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Greenbushes
Greenbushes is a timber and mining town located in the South West region of Western Australia. The 2021 population was 365. History Greenbushes was founded as a mining town in 1888 following a surveyor's discovery of tin in 1886. Greenbushes was named after the bright green '' Oxylobium lanceolatum'' that contrasted against the grey eucalyptus trees. The railway from Donnybrook to Bridgetown opened in 1898, with Greenbushes station located approximately six kilometres north of the main townsite. The area surrounding the railway station was renamed North Greenbushes to reduce confusion. A separate town site of South Greenbushes, also known as Bunbury End began in 1896. The town had its own post office, hall and strong community until the 1930s when most moved to the main town site. The town boasted its own cricket team as well as many other groups. The town experienced a period of economic boom until the international price of tin slumped in 1893, which caused the Greenbushes' ...
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Cominière
Cominière (''Société commerciale et Minière du Congo'') was a Belgian holding company active in the Belgian Congo. It was involved in plantations, forestry, mining, railways and other activities. The Congo assets were nationalized when the Democratic Republic of the Congo became independent in 1960. What remained of Cominière was acquired by Lonhro in 1971. Belgian Congo Cominière (''Société commerciale et minière du Congo'') was incorporated in 1910 by Belgian financiers. In the Belgian Congo the company engaged in cotton, coffee, rubber, rice and cocoa plantations, forestry, construction, railways and energy. The Belgian limited company '' Société Commerciale et Minière de l'Uélé'' (Comuele) was created in June 1919 as a joint venture between the Cominière and the English Lever Brothers. In 1926 it established the Ekwangatana coffee plantations. The Cominière subsidiary Agrifor (''Société Forestière et Agricole du Mayumbe'') was founded in 1924 to produce f ...
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AVZ Minerals Limited
AVZ may refer to: * Austral Volcanic Zone The Andean Volcanic Belt is a major volcanic belt along the Andes, Andean cordillera in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It is formed as a result of subduction of the Nazca Plate and Antarctic Plate underneath the South Am ..., a volcanic arc in the Andes Mountains * AVZ, the airline code of Spanish airline Air Valencia * AVZ Antiviral Toolkit, anti-virus software {{disambig ...
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Spodumene
Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate, Li Al( Si O3)2, and is a source of lithium. It occurs as colorless to yellowish, purplish, or lilac kunzite (see below), yellowish-green or emerald-green hiddenite, prismatic crystals, often of great size. Single crystals of in size are reported from the Black Hills of South Dakota, United States. The naturally-occurring low-temperature form α-spodumene is in the monoclinic system , and the high-temperature β-spodumene crystallizes in the tetragonal system. α-spodumene converts to β-spodumene at temperatures above 900 °C. Crystals are typically heavily striated parallel to the principal axis. Crystal faces are often etched and pitted with triangular markings. Discovery and occurrence Spodumene was first described in 1800 for an occurrence in the type locality in Utö, Södermanland, Sweden. It was discovered by Brazilian naturalist Jose Bonifacio de Andrada e Silva. The name is derived fro ...
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Democratic Republic Of The Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (french: République démocratique du Congo (RDC), colloquially "La RDC" ), informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, and by Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola. By area, it is the second-largest country in Africa and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world. The national capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the nation's economic center. Centered on the Cong ...
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