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Manius Papirius Crassus
Manius Papirius Crassus was consul of the Roman Republic in 441 BC. Papirius belonged to the patrician Papiria gens. He was probably a brother or close relative to Lucius Papirius Crassus, consul in 436 BC, and Gaius Papirius Crassus, consul in 430 BC. Livy has his praenomen as Marcus instead of Manius. Career If Papirius had the praenomen Marcus as Livy suggests, it is possible that he is the same individual as the Pontifex maximus who, as Asconius Pedianus writes, presided over the election of the Tribunes of the Plebs in 449 BC. Papirius was elected consul together with Gaius Furius Pacilus Fusus Gaius Furius Pacilus Fusus was a Roman statesman of the early Republic.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 80 ("Pacilus", Nos. 1, 2). He was a descendant of the ancient patrician house of the Furii, which fille ... in 441 BC. Close to nothing is known of this consulship.Broughton, vol i, pp.54-55 See also * References {{DEFAULT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Consul
A consul held the highest elected political office of the Roman Republic ( to 27 BC), and ancient Romans considered the consulship the second-highest level of the ''cursus honorum'' (an ascending sequence of public offices to which politicians aspired) after that of the censor. Each year, the Centuriate Assembly elected two consuls to serve jointly for a one-year term. The consuls alternated in holding '' fasces'' – taking turns leading – each month when both were in Rome and a consul's ''imperium'' extended over Rome and all its provinces. There were two consuls in order to create a check on the power of any individual citizen in accordance with the republican belief that the powers of the former kings of Rome should be spread out into multiple offices. To that end, each consul could veto the actions of the other consul. After the establishment of the Empire (27 BC), the consuls became mere symbolic representatives of Rome's republican heritage and held very little ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Furius Pacilus Fusus
Gaius Furius Pacilus Fusus was a Roman statesman of the early Republic.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. III, p. 80 ("Pacilus", Nos. 1, 2). He was a descendant of the ancient patrician house of the Furii, which filled the highest offices of the Roman state from the early decades of the Republic to the first century AD. He was probably closely related to Quintus Furius Pacilus Fusus, whom Livy mentions as Pontifex Maximus in 449 BC, and was likely the father of Gaius Furius Pacilus, consul in 412 BC. Furius is first mentioned in 441 BC, when he was consul with Manius Papirius Crassus; their year of office was uneventful. In 435, Furius was censor alongside Marcus Geganius Macerinus, who had been consul in 447, 443, and 437. The two colleagues approved the construction of the Villa Publica in the Campus Martius, using the new building to conduct the census; based on a passage in Livy apparently indicating that the "first" census was held in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucius Menenius Lanatus (consul 440 BC)
Lucius ( el, Λούκιος ''Loukios''; ett, Luvcie) is a male given name derived from ''Lucius'' (abbreviated ''L.''), one of the small group of common Latin forenames (''praenomina'') found in the culture of ancient Rome. Lucius derives from Latin word ''Lux'' (gen. ''lucis''), meaning "light" (< ''*leuk-'' "brightness", Latin verb ''lucere'' "to shine"), and is a of the name . Another etymology proposed is a derivation from ''Lauchum'' (or ''Lauchme'') meaning " |
Proculus Geganius Macerinus
The gens Gegania was an old Patrician (ancient Rome), patrician family at ancient Rome, which was prominent from the earliest period of the Roman Republic, Republic to the middle of the fourth century BC. The first of this gens to obtain the Roman consul, consulship was Titus Geganius Macerinus in 492 BC. The gens fell into obscurity even before the Samnite Wars, and is not mentioned again by Roman historians until the final century of the Republic.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 233 ("s:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Gegania gens, Gegania Gens"). Origin The Geganii claimed to be descended from Gyas, who accompanied Aeneas to Italy. They were said to be one of the noblest families of the Alban people, Alban aristocracy, and were incorporated into the Roman state after that city's destruction by Tullus Hostilius. However, according to Plutarch, even before this a Gegania is supposed to have been one of the first Vestal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Postumus Aebutius Helva Cornicen
Postumus Aebutius Helva Cornicen ( 442–435 BC) was consul at Rome in 442 BC, and magister equitum in 435. Consulship Aebutius was elected consul for the year 442, with Marcus Fabius Vibulanus. Their year of office was peaceful, and commissioners were appointed to establish a colony at Ardea. Many Romans wanted the colony to receive the majority of the land distributed, but it was decided to allot it first to the Rutuli, who were native to Ardea, and give the Roman colonists the remaining land. One of the commissioners was Marcus Aebutius Helva, probably a relative of the consul. Magister Equitum In 435, a force of Fidenates, with re-inforcements from Veii, took advantage of a pestilence at Rome. They entered Roman territory, and crossing the Anio, advanced almost as far as the Colline Gate, when Quintus Servilius Priscus was appointed dictator. Postumus Aebutius was named ''magister equitum'', and the two gathered a volunteer force just outside the gate. This induced the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marcus Fabius Vibulanus (consul 442 BC)
Marcus Fabius Vibulanus was consul of the Roman republic in 442 BC and consular tribune in 433 BC. Marcus belonged to the influential Fabia gens and was the son of one of the early republic's leading men, Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 467, 465 and 459 BC. He was probably the elder brother of Quintus Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 423 BC, and Gnaeus Fabius Vibulanus, consul in 421 BC. Filiations indicate that he, or an otherwise unattested Marcus Fabius Ambustus, pontifex maximus in 390 BC, is the father of the three brothers and consular tribunes Caeso Fabius Ambustus, Numerius Fabius Ambustus and Quintus Fabius Ambustus. Career Marcus was elected consul in 442 BC together with Postumus Aebutius Hela Cornicen. Their year of office was peaceful and they enacted measures to send commissioners to establish a colony at Ardea. Many Romans wanted the colony to receive the majority of the land distributed, but it was decided to allot it first to the Rutuli, who were native to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Roman Republican Consuls
This is a list of consuls known to have held office, from the beginning of the Roman Republic to the latest use of the title in Imperial times, together with those magistrates of the Republic who were appointed in place of consuls, or who superseded consular authority for a limited period. Background Republican consuls From the establishment of the Republic to the time of Augustus, the consuls were the chief magistrates of the Roman state, and normally there were two of them, so that the executive power of the state was not vested in a single individual, as it had been under the kings. As other ancient societies dated historical events according to the reigns of their kings, it became customary at Rome to date events by the names of the consuls in office when the events occurred, rather than (for instance) by counting the number of years since the foundation of the city, although that method could also be used. If a consul died during his year of office, another was elected to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus, or Diodorus of Sicily ( grc-gre, Διόδωρος ; 1st century BC), was an ancient Greek historian. He is known for writing the monumental universal history ''Bibliotheca historica'', in forty books, fifteen of which survive intact, between 60 and 30 BC. The history is arranged in three parts. The first covers mythic history up to the destruction of Troy, arranged geographically, describing regions around the world from Egypt, India and Arabia to Europe. The second covers the time from the Trojan War to the death of Alexander the Great. The third covers the period to about 60 BC. ''Bibliotheca'', meaning 'library', acknowledges that he was drawing on the work of many other authors. Life According to his own work, he was born in Agyrium in Sicily (now called Agira). With one exception, antiquity affords no further information about his life and doings beyond his written works. Only Jerome, in his ''Chronicon'' under the "year of Abraham 1968" (49 BC), w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tribune Of The Plebs
Tribune of the plebs, tribune of the people or plebeian tribune ( la, tribunus plebis) was the first office of the Roman Republic, Roman state that was open to the plebs, plebeians, and was, throughout the history of the Republic, the most important check on the power of the Roman Senate and Roman magistrate, magistrates. These tribunes had the power to convene and preside over the ''Plebeian Council, Concilium Plebis'' (people's assembly); to summon the senate; to propose legislation; and to intervene on behalf of plebeians in legal matters; but the most significant power was to veto the actions of the Roman consul, consuls and other magistrates, thus protecting the interests of the plebeians as a class. The tribunes of the plebs were sacrosanct, meaning that any assault on their person was punishable by death. In Roman Empire, imperial times, the powers of the tribunate were granted to the Roman emperor, emperor as a matter of course, and the office itself lost its independence a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic ( la, Res publica Romana ) was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period—from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. Roman society under the Republic was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Roman Pantheon. Its political organization developed, at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. The top magistrates were the two consuls, who had an extensive range of executive, legislative, judicial, military, and religious powers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asconius Pedianus
Quintus Asconius Pedianus (BC 9 - AD 76) was a Roman historian. There is no evidence that Asconius engaged in a public career, but he was familiar both with Roman government of his time and with the geography of the city. He may, therefore, have written much of his works in the city. During the reigns of Claudius and Nero he compiled for his two sons, from various sources – e.g. the Gazette (''acta publica''), shorthand reports or skeletons (''commentarii'') of Cicero's unpublished speeches, Tiro's life of Cicero, speeches and letters of Cicero's contemporaries, various historical writers, e.g. Varro, Atticus, Antias, Tuditanus and Fenestella (a contemporary of Livy whom he often criticizes) – historical commentaries on Cicero's speeches, of which only five survive: ''in Pisonem'', ''pro Scauro'', ''pro Milone'', ''pro Cornelio de maiestate'', and ''in toga candida''. Other works attributed to Asconius include a ''Vita Sallustii'', a work referenced in Pliny's Naturalis Hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
