Mangrove Whistler Sundarban West Bengal India August 2019
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows in coastal saline or brackish water. The term is also used for tropical coastal vegetation consisting of such species. Mangroves are taxonomically diverse, as a result of convergent evolution in several plant families. They occur worldwide in the tropics and subtropics and even some temperate coastal areas, mainly between latitudes 30° N and 30° S, with the greatest mangrove area within 5° of the equator. Mangrove plant families first appeared during the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene epochs, and became widely distributed in part due to the movement of tectonic plates. The oldest known fossils of mangrove palm date to 75 million years ago. Mangroves are salt-tolerant trees, also called halophytes, and are adapted to live in harsh coastal conditions. They contain a complex salt filtration system and a complex root system to cope with saltwater immersion and wave action. They are adapted to the low-oxygen conditions of w ...
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Sonneratia Alba - Manado (2)
''Sonneratia'' is a genus of plants in the family Lythraceae. Formerly the Sonneratia were placed in a family called Sonneratiaceae which included both the ''Sonneratia'' and the ''Duabanga'', but these two are now placed in their own monotypic subfamilies of the family ''Lythraceae''. The genus was also named ''Blatti'' by James Edward Smith, but ''Sonneratia'' had botanical nomenclature priority. ''Sonneratia'' species are mangrove trees. The germination is viviparous. Species The genus ''Sonneratia'' has the following species: *''Sonneratia alba'' Sm. *''Sonneratia apetala'' Banks *''Sonneratia caseolaris'' (L.) Engl. *''Sonneratia griffithii'' Kurz *''Sonneratia × gulngai'' N.C.Duke *''Sonneratia × hainanensis'' W.C.Ko, E.Y.Chen & W.Y.Chen *''Sonneratia lanceolata'' Blume *''Sonneratia ovata'' Backer *''Sonneratia × urama'' N.C.Duke See also *Mangroves References *Graham, S. A., Thorne & Reveal (May 1998) "Validation of subfamily names in Lythraceae" ''Taxon'' 47 ...
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