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Makedonomachos
The Macedonian Struggle ( bg, Македонска борба; el, Μακεδονικός Αγώνας; mk, Борба за Македонија; sr, Борба за Македонију; tr, Makedonya Mücadelesi) was a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts that were mainly fought between Greek and Bulgarian subjects who lived in Ottoman Macedonia between 1893 and 1912. The conflict was part of a wider rebel war in which revolutionary organizations of Greeks, Bulgarians and Serbs all fought over Macedonia. Gradually the Greek and Bulgarian bands gained the upper hand. Though the conflict was largely pacified by the Young Turk Revolution, it remained a low intensity insurgency until the Balkan Wars. Background Initially the conflict was waged through educational and religious means, with a fierce rivalry developing between supporters of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (Greek-speaking or Slavic/Romance-speaking who generally identified as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanos Karavangelis
Germanos Karavangelis ( el, Γερμανός Καραβαγγέλης, also transliterated as ''Yermanos'' and ''Karavaggelis'' or ''Karavagelis'', 1866–1935) was known for his service as Metropolitan Bishop of Kastoria and later Amaseia, Pontus. He was a member of the Hellenic Macedonian Committee and functioned as one of the major coordinators of the Greek Struggle for Macedonia. Early life and career Germanos Karavangelis was born Stylianos in 1866, in the village of Stipsi on Lesbos, then still under Ottoman rule. His father was a Psariot by the name of Chrysostomos and his mother was Maria. He had seven other siblings which included six sisters and one brother. When he was two years old, his family moved to Adramyttio, Asia-Minor (now Edremit, Turkey) where his father opened a shop. There, he attended school and was awarded a scholarship to study at the Theological School of Halki. He graduated in 1888, when he was ordained a Deacon and received the name Germanos. He th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonos Yotas
Georgios Yiotas ( el, Γεώργιος Γιώτας), best known as Gonos Yiotas ( el, Γκόνος Γιώτας), was a Slavophone Greek chieftain of the Macedonian Struggle. He is revered as a hero in the Pella region of Greece and ranks among the most notable participants of the struggle. He mainly operated around the Giannitsa Lake and cooperated with other well respected revolutionaries such as Stergios Daoutis, Alexandros Mazarakis, Ioannis Demestichas, and Tellos Agras. He came to be known as the “Ghost of the Lake” (το Στοιχείο της Λίμνης). Early life He was born in the village of Plugar in 1880, a village near Giannitsa. His father, Vasileios Yiotas was from the village of Kadinovo (now Galatades) and had been a member of a local Greek committee. From a young age, he worked with his father and his brother Konstantinos Yiotas (also a future Makedonomachos) in the fields of the Agios Loukas Monastery just off the Lake of Giannitsa. It was there ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kottas
Kottas Christou ( el, Κώττας Χρήστου) or Kote Hristov (Bulgarian/ Macedonian: Коте Христов), known simply as Kottas or Kote,, and often referred to as Konstantinos Christou ( el, Κωνσταντίνος Χρήστου), was a Slavophone revolutionary chieftain in Western Macedonia during the Macedonian Struggle. Kottas was born in the village of Roulia (Greek Ρούλια, Bulgarian/ Macedonian ''Руля/Руља''), in 1863, and was elder of Roulia from 1893 to 1896. He began anti-Ottoman rebel activity in 1898, killing four local Ottoman officers. He was first associated with the pro-Bulgarian Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). Afterwards he became associated with the pro-Greek irregular Hellenic Macedonian Committee. He was captured by the Ottomans, convicted of robbery and hanged in Monastir in 1905. Background Though a Slavophone, who only spoke Bulgarian, Kottas had a Greek identity. He was initially a member of the Interna ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dame Gruev
Damyan Yovanov Gruev (,The first names can also be transliterated as ''Damjan Jovanov'', after Bulgarian Дамян Йованов Груев and Macedonian Дамјан Јованов Груев. The last name is also sometimes rendered as ''Grueff''. originally spelled in pre-1945 Bulgarian orthography as ''Дамянъ Йовановъ Груевъ''; January 19, 1871 – December 23, 1906) was а Bulgarian teacher, revolutionary and insurgent leader in the Ottoman regions of Macedonia and Thrace. He was one of the six founders of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization. Despite his Bulgarian self-identification, according to the post-World War II Macedonian historiography, he was an ethnic Macedonian. Biography Early years Dame Gruev was born in 1871 in the village of Smilevo, Monastir Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (present-day North Macedonia). He received his elementary education in Smilevo and continued his education in the Bulgarian Men's High School of Thessa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdul Hamid II
Abdülhamid or Abdul Hamid II ( ota, عبد الحميد ثانی, Abd ül-Hamid-i Sani; tr, II. Abdülhamid; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 31 August 1876 to 27 April 1909, and the last sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. The time period which he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, period of decline, with rebellions (particularly in the Balkans), and he presided over Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire (1877–1878) followed by a successful Greco-Turkish War (1897), war against the Kingdom of Greece in 1897, though Ottoman gains were tempered by subsequent Western European intervention. In accordance with an agreement made with the Republican Young Ottomans, he promulgated the Constitution of the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Empire's first Constitution, which was a sign of progressive th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Ottoman Empire (1844–1922)
The Ottoman Empire used various of flags, especially as naval ensigns, during its history. The star and crescent came into use in the second half of the 18th century. A ' (decree) from 1793 required that the ships of the Ottoman Navy were to use a red flag with the star and crescent in white. In 1844, a version of this flag, with a five-pointed star, was officially adopted as the Ottoman national flag. The decision to adopt a national flag was part of the ''Tanzimat'' reforms which aimed to modernize the Ottoman state in line with the laws and norms of contemporary European states and institutions. The star and crescent design later became a common element in the national flags of Ottoman successor states in the 20th century. The current flag of Turkey is essentially the same as the late Ottoman flag, but has more specific legal standardizations (regarding its measures, geometric proportions, and exact tone of red) that were introduced with the Turkish Flag Law on 29 May 1936. B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Society For Macedonian Studies
The Society for Macedonian Studies ( el, Εταιρεία Μακεδονικών Σπουδών, Etaireia Makedonikon Spoudon) was founded on April 29, 1939, in Thessaloniki, Greece.Thorsten Kruse, Hubert Faustmann, Sabine Rogge. The purpose of the Society is to foster research on the language, archaeology, history and folklore of Macedonia and to promote the cultivation of learning throughout the region. Its headquarters is also home to the Art Gallery of the Society for Macedonian Studies and to the National Theatre of Northern Greece The National (or State) Theatre of Northern Greece (Κρατικό Θέατρο Βορείου Ελλάδος), an institution promoting theatrical plays in Thessaloniki and northern Greece, was founded in 1961 by Sokratis Karantinos, its first .... References External links * {{Authority control 1939 establishments in Greece History of Macedonia (Greece) Organizations based in Thessaloniki Organizations established in 1939 Mace ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ștefan Mihăileanu
Ștefan Mihăileanu (1859 – 22 July 1900) was an Aromanian professor and journalist. On 22 July 1900, he was assassinated by a Bulgarian nationalist, due to his criticism of pro-Bulgarian paramilitary activism over the course of the Macedonian Struggle. Biography Ștefan Mihăileanu was born in 1859, in Beala di Suprã, Ottoman Empire. An ethnic Aromanian, he was one of the first students in Ottoman Macedonia to attend classes in the Aromanian language. Due to the political turmoil that preceded the Macedonian Struggle, Mihăileanu's uncle brought him to Romania, where he continued his education in the Saint Sava National College. The Macedonian Struggle, a series of intertwined cultural, political and military conflicts between the various ethnic and religious communities residing in Macedonia, was to preoccupy Mihăileanu until the end of his life. He combined his career as a teacher and published the ''Macedonia'' newspaper between 1888 and 1889. Later on, he continued to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aksentije Bacetić
Aksentije Bacetić ( sr-cyr, Аксентије Бацетић, 27 February 1860 – 16 June 1905), known as Baceta (Бацета), was a Serbian secret agent and Chetnik commander in Macedonia. His surname has been spelled Bacetović. Early life Bacetić was born in the village of Kriva Reka near Užice, in the Principality of Serbia. He had red hair. As a youngster he joined the ranks of the People's Radical Party. He participated in the Timok Rebellion in 1882, after which he fled to the Principality of Bulgaria. He then went to the Russian Empire where he enrolled in the NCO school finished with the rank of junker. He returned to Serbia where his sub-commander rank was recognized. He translated works from Bulgarian into Serbian. Secret agent Bacetić worked as a double agent in Bulgaria, giving the Serbian command information on Bulgarian troop placements during the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885). He was caught and sentenced to death, but the Serbian side insisted on prison du ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jovan Babunski
Jovan Stojković ( sr-cyr, Јован Стојковић; 25 December 1878 – 17 February 1920), known as Jovan Babunski (Јован Бабунски), was a Serbian Chetnik commander ( sr, vojvoda, војвода) during the Macedonian Struggle, Balkan Wars and World War I. Following the murder of his brother and nephew by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), he joined a Chetnik band and took command of Chetnik units on the Vardar River, where he and his men often engaged Bulgarian and Ottoman forces. With the outbreak of the First Balkan War he joined the Serbian Army and was wounded while fighting in the village of Strevica. During the Second Balkan War, he joined a Serbian volunteer detachment and fought at the Battle of Bregalnica. During World War I, Babunski and his Chetnik detachment fought Austro-Hungarian forces in the summer of 1914 and later fought on the Salonika front, where Babunski was ordained by French General Louis Franchet d'Esp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gligor Sokolović
Gligor Sokolović ( sr-cyr, Глигор Соколовић; 17 or 5 January 1870 or 1872 – 30 July 1910]) was one of the supreme commanders (''Great Voivode'') of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, Serbian Chetnik Movement, that fought the Ottoman Empire, Bulgarian, and Albanian armed bands during the Macedonian Struggle. He was one of the most famous Chetniks, and the foremost in Western Povardarie. In Bulgaria he is considered a Bulgarian renegade who switched sides, i.e. (sic) '' Serboman''. After murdering a local Ottoman lord, Sokolović went into the woods with some friends and formed a guerrilla unit which would target Ottomans. He then joined the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations of SMAC and IMRO, and fought throughout the wider Macedonia region. After the Ottomans' suppression of the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising in 1903, he, like many others, fled to Serbia. He was acquainted with Dr. Gođevac, one of the founders of the Serbian revolutionary organization t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Milorad Gođevac
Milorad Gođevac ( sr-cyr, Милорад Гођевац, 1 March 1860 – 21 September 1933) was the organizer of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, a doctor by profession. Life Born in Valjevo, Principality of Serbia, he finished the First Belgrade Gymnasium and finished medicine at the University of Vienna in 1889. He was the organizer of the Serbian armed action in South Serbia and Macedonia and founder of the first Volunteer Board. The Chief Staff of the Chetnik Organization (the Serbian Committee) was established in 1902. The members were, among others, Gođevac, Luka Ćelović, Vasa Jovanović, Žika Rafailović, Nikola Spasić and Ljuba Kovačević. See also * Serb revolutionary organizations *List of Chetnik voivodes This is a list of Chetnik voivodes. VoivodeAlso spelled "voievod", "woiwode", "voivod", "voyvode", "vojvoda", or "woiwod" () ( Old Slavic, literally "war-leader" or "war-lord") is a Slavic as well as Romanian title that originally denoted the prin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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