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Macrobiotus Shonaicus
''Macrobiotus shonaicus'' () is a species of tardigrade in the family Macrobiotidae. it is only known from its type locality (biology), type locality: Tsuruoka, Japan. The species description was published in 2018. The insides of their first three pairs of legs have a slight fold above their claws, and their eggs have processes whose terminal discs split off into thin filaments. Taxonomic history The species description was written by Daniel Stec, Kazuharu Arakawa, and Łukasz Michalczyk; it was published in ''PLOS One'' in February 2018. Arakawa collected ten ''M. shonaicus'' specimens in May 2016 from moss growing in his apartment building's parking lot, in Tsuruoka, Japan. The moss, ''Bryum argenteum'', was growing on a concrete surface. One pair of these tardigrades successfully reproduced in vitro, yielding an isogenic strain. The holotype, 57 paratypes, and 34 eggs were deposited at Jagiellonian University in Kraków. An additional 17 paratypes and 7 eggs were deposited at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase-contrast Microscopy
__NOTOC__ Phase-contrast microscopy (PCM) is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations. When light waves travel through a medium other than a vacuum, interaction with the medium causes the wave amplitude and phase to change in a manner dependent on properties of the medium. Changes in amplitude (brightness) arise from the scattering and absorption of light, which is often wavelength-dependent and may give rise to colors. Photographic equipment and the human eye are only sensitive to amplitude variations. Without special arrangements, phase changes are therefore invisible. Yet, phase changes often convey important information. Phase-contrast microscopy is particularly important in biology. It reveals many cellular structures that are invisible with a bright-field microscope, as exemplif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dioecious
Dioecy (; ; adj. dioecious , ) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct individual organisms (unisexual) that produce male or female gametes, either directly (in animals) or indirectly (in seed plants). Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction. Dioecy has costs, since only about half the population directly produces offspring. It is one method for excluding self-fertilization and promoting allogamy (outcrossing), and thus tends to reduce the expression of recessive deleterious mutations present in a population. Plants have several other methods of preventing self-fertilization including, for example, dichogamy, herkogamy, and self-incompatibility. Dioecy is a dimorphic sexual system, alongside gynodioecy and androdioecy. In zoology In zoology, dioecious species may be opposed to hermaphroditic species, meaning that an individual is either male or female, in which case the synonym gonochory is more often used. Most animal species are dioecious (gon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobiotus Scoticus
''Macrobiotus'' is a genus of tardigrade consisting of about 100 species. Species The genus includes the following species: * '' Macrobiotus acadianus'' (Meyer & Domingue, 2011) * '' Macrobiotus almadai'' Fontoura, Pilato & Lisi, 2008 * '' Macrobiotus alvaroi'' Pilato & Kaczmarek, 2007 * '' Macrobiotus anderssoni'' Richters, 1907 * '' Macrobiotus andinus'' Maucci, 1988 * '' Macrobiotus anemone'' Meyer, Domingue & Hinton, 2014 * '' Macrobiotus annewintersae'' Vecchi & Stec, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus ariekammensis'' Węglarska, 1965 * '' Macrobiotus azzunae'' Ben Marnissi, Cesari, Rebecchi & Bertolani, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus basiatus'' Nelson, Adkins Fletcher, Guidetti, Roszkowska, Grobys & Kaczmarek, 2020 * '' Macrobiotus biserovi'' Bertolani, Guidi & Rebecchi, 1996 * '' Macrobiotus caelestis'' Coughlan, Michalczyk & Stec, 2019 * '' Macrobiotus caelicola'' Kathman, 1990 * '' Macrobiotus canaricus'' Stec, Krzywański & Michalczyk, 2018 * '' Macrobiotus caymanensis'' Meyer, 2011 * ''Mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobiotus Polypiformis
''Macrobiotus'' is a genus of tardigrade consisting of about 100 species. Species The genus includes the following species: * '' Macrobiotus acadianus'' (Meyer & Domingue, 2011) * '' Macrobiotus almadai'' Fontoura, Pilato & Lisi, 2008 * '' Macrobiotus alvaroi'' Pilato & Kaczmarek, 2007 * '' Macrobiotus anderssoni'' Richters, 1907 * '' Macrobiotus andinus'' Maucci, 1988 * '' Macrobiotus anemone'' Meyer, Domingue & Hinton, 2014 * '' Macrobiotus annewintersae'' Vecchi & Stec, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus ariekammensis'' Węglarska, 1965 * '' Macrobiotus azzunae'' Ben Marnissi, Cesari, Rebecchi & Bertolani, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus basiatus'' Nelson, Adkins Fletcher, Guidetti, Roszkowska, Grobys & Kaczmarek, 2020 * '' Macrobiotus biserovi'' Bertolani, Guidi & Rebecchi, 1996 * '' Macrobiotus caelestis'' Coughlan, Michalczyk & Stec, 2019 * '' Macrobiotus caelicola'' Kathman, 1990 * '' Macrobiotus canaricus'' Stec, Krzywański & Michalczyk, 2018 * '' Macrobiotus caymanensis'' Meyer, 2011 * ''Mac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macrobiotus Paulinae
''Macrobiotus'' is a genus of tardigrade consisting of about 100 species. Species The genus includes the following species: * '' Macrobiotus acadianus'' (Meyer & Domingue, 2011) * '' Macrobiotus almadai'' Fontoura, Pilato & Lisi, 2008 * '' Macrobiotus alvaroi'' Pilato & Kaczmarek, 2007 * '' Macrobiotus anderssoni'' Richters, 1907 * '' Macrobiotus andinus'' Maucci, 1988 * '' Macrobiotus anemone'' Meyer, Domingue & Hinton, 2014 * '' Macrobiotus annewintersae'' Vecchi & Stec, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus ariekammensis'' Węglarska, 1965 * ''Macrobiotus azzunae'' Ben Marnissi, Cesari, Rebecchi & Bertolani, 2021 * '' Macrobiotus basiatus'' Nelson, Adkins Fletcher, Guidetti, Roszkowska, Grobys & Kaczmarek, 2020 * '' Macrobiotus biserovi'' Bertolani, Guidi & Rebecchi, 1996 * '' Macrobiotus caelestis'' Coughlan, Michalczyk & Stec, 2019 * '' Macrobiotus caelicola'' Kathman, 1990 * '' Macrobiotus canaricus'' Stec, Krzywański & Michalczyk, 2018 * '' Macrobiotus caymanensis'' Meyer, 2011 * ''Macr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplotype
A haplotype ( haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent. Many organisms contain genetic material ( DNA) which is inherited from two parents. Normally these organisms have their DNA organized in two sets of pairwise similar chromosomes. The offspring gets one chromosome in each pair from each parent. A set of pairs of chromosomes is called diploid and a set of only one half of each pair is called haploid. The haploid genotype (haplotype) is a genotype that considers the singular chromosomes rather than the pairs of chromosomes. It can be all the chromosomes from one of the parents or a minor part of a chromosome, for example a sequence of 9000 base pairs. However, there are other uses of this term. First, it is used to mean a collection of specific alleles (that is, specific DNA sequences) in a cluster of tightly linked genes on a chromosome that are likely to be inherited together—that is, they are likely to be con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GenBank
The GenBank sequence database is an open access, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations. It is produced and maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI; a part of the National Institutes of Health in the United States) as part of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). GenBank and its collaborators receive sequences produced in laboratories throughout the world from more than 500,000 formally described species. The database started in 1982 by Walter Goad and Los Alamos National Laboratory. GenBank has become an important database for research in biological fields and has grown in recent years at an exponential rate by doubling roughly every 18 months. Release 250.0, published in June 2022, contained over 17 trillion nucleotide bases in more than 2,45 billion sequences. GenBank is built by direct submissions from individual laboratories, as well as from bulk submis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I
Cytochrome c oxidase I (COX1) also known as mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I (MT-CO1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MT-CO1'' gene. In other eukaryotes, the gene is called ''COX1'', ''CO1'', or ''COI''. Cytochrome c oxidase I is the main subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex. Mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Complex IV deficiency, colorectal cancer, sensorineural deafness, and recurrent myoglobinuria. Structure One of 37 mitochondrial genes, the ''MT-CO1'' gene is located from nucleotide pairs 5904 to 7444 on the guanine-rich heavy (H) section of mtDNA. The gene product is a 57 kDa protein composed of 513 amino acids. Function Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (CO1 or MT-CO1) is one of three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3) of respiratory complex IV. Complex IV is the third and final enzyme of the electron ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ITS-2
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacer DNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome or the corresponding transcribed region in the polycistronic rRNA precursor transcript. ITS across life domains In bacteria and archaea, there is a single ITS, located between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Conversely, there are two ITSs in eukaryotes: ITS1 is located between 18S and 5.8S rRNA genes, while ITS2 is between 5.8S and 28S (in opisthokonts, or 25S in plants) rRNA genes. ITS1 corresponds to the ITS in bacteria and archaea, while ITS2 originated as an insertion that interrupted the ancestral 23S rRNA gene. Organization In bacteria and archaea, the ITS occurs in one to several copies, as do the flanking 16S and 23S genes. When there are multiple copies, these do not occur adjacent to one another. Rather, they occur in discrete locations in the circular chromosome. It is not uncommon in bacteria to carry tRNA ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
28S RRNA
Crazy Eights is a shedding-type card game for two to seven players and the best known American member of the Eights Group which also includes Pig and Spoons. The object of the game is to be the first player to discard all of their cards. The game is similar to Switch and Mau Mau. Originally this was played primarily by children with the left over cards not used in Euchre. Now a standard 52-card deck is used when there are five or fewer players. When there are more than five players, two decks are shuffled together and all 104 cards are used. Origins The game first appeared as ''Eights'' in the 1930s, and the name ''Crazy Eights'' dates to the 1940s, derived from the United States military designation for discharge of mentally unstable soldiers, Section 8. It may have derived from the German game of Mau-Mau. There are many variations of the basic game, under names including ''Craits'', '' Last Card'', ''Switch'', and ''Black Jack''. Bartok, Mao, Taki, and Uno add further ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
18S RRNA
18S may refer to: *18S ribosomal RNA *18S rRNA (adenine1779-N6/adenine1780-N6)-dimethyltransferase *18SEH The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in the 1970s, debuting in 1979. Available in a wide range of cubic capacities ranging from 1598 to 2405 cc, it simultaneously replaced the Opel OHV, Opel CIH a ... See also * S18 (other) {{Letter-Number Combination Disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
