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Machinere People
The Machinere are an indigenous people of Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru. They live along the Acre River in Bolivia. In Brazil they mostly live in the Mamoadate Indigenous Territory, although some live in the Chico Mendes Extractivist Reserve, both in Acre (state), Acre. Name Besides Machinere, they are also called Machineri, Manchinere, Manchineri, Manitenére, Manitenerí, and Maxinéri. Language Machinere people speak the Machinere language, which is a Piro language (Peru), Piro language and part of the Southern Maipuran language family. It is written in the Latin script. The Bible was translated in Machinere in 1960. The language is highly similar to the Yine language. Economy and subsistence Machinere people hunt, fish, and farm using the swidden method. They grow crops of maize, manioc, rice, papaya, peanut, pumpkin, sugarcane, and sweet potato. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Machinere Language
Piro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes Iñapari (†) and Apurinã language, Apurinã. The principal variety is Yine. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre (state), Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled ''Canamaré'' is "so close to Piro [Yine] as to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language. Names This language is also called Contaquiro, Pira, Piro, Pirro, Simiranch, or Simirinche. ''Cushichineri'' has been reported as a language, but is actually a family name used with Whites (Matteson 1965). The name ''Mashco'' has sometimes been incorrectly applied to the Yine. (See Mashco Piro language, Mashco Piro.) Varieties Extinct varieties of Piro (Yine): *Chontaquiro (Simirinche, Upatarinavo): Ucayali River *Manchineri (Manatinavo): Purus River *:pt:Língua kuxitineri, Kushichineri (Kuxiti-neri, Kujigene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maipuran Language
Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawakan propo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples In Brazil
Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( pt, povos indígenas no Brasil) or Indigenous Brazilians ( pt, indígenas brasileiros, links=no) once comprised an estimated 2000 tribes and nations inhabiting what is now the country of Brazil, before European contact around 1500. Christopher Columbus thought he had reached the East Indies, but Portuguese Vasco da Gama had already reached India via the Indian Ocean route, when Brazil was colonized by Portugal. Nevertheless, the word ("Indians") was by then established to designate the people of the New World and continues to be used in the Portuguese language to designate these people, while a person from India is called in order to distinguish the two. At the time of European contact, some of the Indigenous people were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering and migrant agriculture. Many tribes suffered extinction as a consequence of the European settlement and many were assimilated into the Brazilian po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indigenous Peoples In Bolivia
Indigenous peoples in Bolivia, or Native Bolivians, are Bolivian people who are of indigenous ancestry. They constitute anywhere from 40 to 70% of Bolivia's population of 11,306,341, depending on different estimates, and belong to 36 recognized ethnic groups. Aymara and Quechua are the largest groups."Indigenous peoples in Bolivia." ''International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.'' Retrieved 2 Dec 2013. The geography of Bolivia includes the , the , and the |
Manioc
''Manihot esculenta'', commonly called cassava (), manioc, or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America. Although a perennial plant, cassava is extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. Though it is often called ''yuca'' in parts of Spanish America and in the United States, it is not related to yucca, a shrub in the family Asparagaceae. Cassava is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but substantial quantities are used to extract cassava starch, called tapioca, which is used for food, animal feed, and industrial purposes. The Brazilian farinha, and the related ''garri'' of West Africa, is an edible coarse flour obtained by grating cassava roots, pressing moisture off the obtained grated pulp, and finally drying it (and roasting both in the case of farinha and garri). Cassava is the third-largest so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Swidden
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden. The method begins by cutting down the trees and woody plants in an area. The downed vegetation, or "slash", is then left to dry, usually right before the rainiest part of the year. Then, the biomass is burned, resulting in a nutrient-rich layer of ash which makes the soil fertile, as well as temporarily eliminating weed and pest species. After about three to five years, the plot's productivity decreases due to depletion of nutrients along with weed and pest invasion, causing the farmers to abandon the field and move to a new area. The time it takes for a swidden to recover depends on the location and can be as little as five years to more than twenty years, after which the plot can be slashed and burned again, repeating the cycle. In Bangladesh and India, the practice is known as jhum or jhoom. Slash-and-burn is a type of shif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yine Language
Piro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes Iñapari (†) and Apurinã. The principal variety is Yine. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled ''Canamaré'' is "so close to Piro ineas to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language. Names This language is also called Contaquiro, Pira, Piro, Pirro, Simiranch, or Simirinche. ''Cushichineri'' has been reported as a language, but is actually a family name used with Whites (Matteson 1965). The name ''Mashco'' has sometimes been incorrectly applied to the Yine. (See Mashco Piro.) Varieties Extinct varieties of Piro (Yine): *Chontaquiro (Simirinche, Upatarinavo): Ucayali River *Manchineri (Manatinavo): Purus River * Kushichineri (Kuxiti-neri, Kujigeneri, Cusitinavo): upper Purus River in Peru (in 1886, spoken on the Curumahá R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Latin Script
The Latin script, also known as Roman script, is an alphabetic writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae, in southern Italy ( Magna Grecia). It was adopted by the Etruscans and subsequently by the Romans. Several Latin-script alphabets exist, which differ in graphemes, collation and phonetic values from the classical Latin alphabet. The Latin script is the basis of the International Phonetic Alphabet, and the 26 most widespread letters are the letters contained in the ISO basic Latin alphabet. Latin script is the basis for the largest number of alphabets of any writing system and is the most widely adopted writing system in the world. Latin script is used as the standard method of writing for most Western and Central, and some Eastern, European languages as well as many languages in other parts of the world. Name The script is either called Latin script ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piro Language (Peru)
Piro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes Iñapari (†) and Apurinã. The principal variety is Yine. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled ''Canamaré'' is "so close to Piro ineas to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language. Names This language is also called Contaquiro, Pira, Piro, Pirro, Simiranch, or Simirinche. ''Cushichineri'' has been reported as a language, but is actually a family name used with Whites (Matteson 1965). The name ''Mashco'' has sometimes been incorrectly applied to the Yine. (See Mashco Piro.) Varieties Extinct varieties of Piro (Yine): *Chontaquiro (Simirinche, Upatarinavo): Ucayali River *Manchineri (Manatinavo): Purus River * Kushichineri (Kuxiti-neri, Kujigeneri, Cusitinavo): upper Purus River in Peru (in 1886, spoken on the Curumahá Riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mashco-Piro
The Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole, are an indigenous tribe of nomadic hunter-gatherers who inhabit the remote regions of the Amazon rainforest. They live in Manú National Park in the Madre de Dios Region in Peru. They have in the past actively avoided contact with non-native peoples. Demographics In 1998, the IWGIA estimated their number to be around 100 to 250. This is an increase from the 1976 estimated population of 20 to 100. The Mashco-Piro tribe speaks a dialect of the Piro language. "Mashco" (originally spelled "Maschcos") is a term which was first used by Padre Biedma in 1687 to refer to the Harakmbut people. It is considered a derogatory term, due to its meaning of "savages" in the Piro language; "Nomole" is the name the people apply to themselves. History In 1894, most of the Mashco-Piro tribe was slaughtered by the private army of Carlos Fitzcarrald, in the upper Manú River area. The survivors retreated to the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acre (state)
Acre () is a state located in the west of the North Region of Brazil and the Amazonia Legal. Located in the westernmost part of the country, at a two-hour time difference from Brasília, Acre is bordered clockwise by the Brazilian states of Amazonas and Rondônia to the north and east, the Bolivian department of Pando to the southeast, and the Peruvian regions of Madre de Dios, Ucayali and Loreto to the south and west. The state, which has 0.42% of the Brazilian population, generates 0.2% of the Brazilian GDP. Its capital and largest city is Rio Branco. Other important places include Cruzeiro do Sul, Sena Madureira, Tarauacá and Feijó. Intense extractive activity in the rubber industry, which reached its height in the early 20th century, attracted Brazilians from many regions to the state. From the mixture of sulista, southeastern Brazil, nordestino, and indigenous traditions arose a diverse cuisine. It combines sun-dried meat (carne-de-sol) with pirarucu, a typic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Acre River
The Acre River (called Aquiry in the local Iñapari language; locally, ''Rio Acre'') is a long river in central South America. Course The river is born in Peru, and runs North-Eastwards, forming part of the border between Peru and Brazil and then part of the border between Bolivia and Brazil. It runs through the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas, before eventually running into the Purus River at Boca do Acre. It runs along the Bolivian frontier and flows northeastward to a junction with the Purus at 8° 45' South latitude. The name is also applied to a district situated on the same river and on the former boundary line of 1867, between Bolivia and Brazil. This region's area is estimated at about . It is navigable from the mouth until the Xapuri River (), even farther in the wet season from January until May. The river was an important transportation artery at the end of the 19th century due to newly discovered rubber tree forests. The Rio Acre Ecological Station lies in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
