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Macaranga Triloba
''Macaranga triloba'' is a species of plant in the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to the tropical forests of southeastern Asia. It is a pioneer species, colonising recently cleared or burnt areas of the forest. Description A small, spreading tree, ''M. triloba'' grows to a height of about . The trunk is a light greyish-brown with smooth bark, and the twigs and shoots are largely devoid of hairs. The leaves are tri-lobed and peltate, with toothed margins. Each leaf has two erect, leathery stipules that are ovate, slightly recurved and do not encircle the stem. The inflorescence is a panicle with minute reddish-brown flowers. The fruits are rounded, sticky and yellow when ripe, the carpels developing long, horn-like processes. The fruits are about long and wide. Distribution and habitat ''Macaranga triloba'' occurs in Indo-China, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, Sumatra, Java and the Philippines. It grows in a range of habitats including the edges of swamp forests and dry dip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogor
Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide. Estimasi Penduduk Menurut Umur Tunggal Dan Jenis Kelamin 2014 Kementerian Kesehatan The city covers an area of 118.50 km2, and it had a population of 950,334 in the 2010 Census and 1,043,070 in the 2020 Census.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021. The official estimate for mid 2022 is 1,099,422. Bogor is an important economic, scientific, cultural, and tourist center, as well as a mountain resort. During the |
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Seychelles, India, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. The greatest diversity of Dipterocarpaceae occurs in Borneo.Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. ''Flora Malesiana'', 1982 Series I, 92: 237-552 The largest genera are ''Shorea'' (196 species), ''Hopea'' (104 species), ''Dipterocarpus'' (70 species), and ''Vatica'' (65 species).Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. In ''Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak,'' Volume 5, 2004. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L. G. and Chung, R. C. K. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Many are large forest-emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m (in the genera ''Dryobalanops'', ''Hopea'' and ''Shorea''), with the tallest known living specimen (''Shorea faguetiana'') 93.0 m tall. The species of this family are of majo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flora Of Indo-China
Flora is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. Sometimes bacteria and fungi are also referred to as flora, as in the terms ''gut flora'' or ''skin flora''. Etymology The word "flora" comes from the Latin name of Flora (mythology), Flora, the goddess of plants, flowers, and fertility in Roman mythology. The technical term "flora" is then derived from a metonymy of this goddess at the end of the sixteenth century. It was first used in poetry to denote the natural vegetation of an area, but soon also assumed the meaning of a work cataloguing such vegetation. Moreover, "Flora" was used to refer to the flowers of an artificial garden in the seventeenth century. The distinction between vegetation (the general appearance of a community) and flora (the taxonomic composition of a community) was first made by Jules Thurmann (1849). Prior to this, the two terms were used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Beltian Body
A Beltian body is a detachable tip found on the pinnules of some species of ''Acacia'' and closely related genera. Beltian bodies, named after Thomas Belt, are rich in lipids, sugars and proteins and often red in colour. They are believed to have evolved in a symbiotic relationship with ants. The ants live inside special plant structures (domatia) or near the plant and keep away herbivores. Other ant- mutualism related plant structures include Beccarian, Mullerian and pearl bodies. Unique among spiders for its predominantly herbivorous diet, ''Bagheera kiplingi'' feeds almost exclusively on Beltian bodies. See also * Plant defence against herbivory * Elaiosome Elaiosomes ( grc, ἔλαιον ''élaion'' "oil" + ''sóma'' "body") are fleshy structures that are attached to the seeds of many plant species. The elaiosome is rich in lipids and proteins, and may be variously shaped. Many plants have elaio ... References External links * Plant physiology Plant morphology ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crematogaster
''Crematogaster'' is an ecologically diverse genus of ants found worldwide, which are characterised by a distinctive heart-shaped gaster (abdomen), which gives them one of their common names, the Saint Valentine ant. Members of this genus are also known as cocktail ants because of their habit of raising their abdomens when alarmed. Most species are arboreal (tree-dwelling). These ants are sometimes known as acrobat ants. Acrobat ants acquire food largely through predation on other insects, such as wasps.Schatz, Bertrand, and Martine Hossaert-Mckey. "Interactions of the Ant Crematogaster Scutellaris with the Fig/fig Wasp Mutualism." Ecological Entomology 28.3 (2003): 359-68. Print. They use venom to stun their prey and a complex trail-laying process to lead comrades to food sources. Like most ants, ''Crematogaster'' species reproduce by partaking in nuptial flights, where the queen acquires the sperm used to fertilize every egg throughout her life. Predatory behavior Acrobat ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentace Laxiflora
''Pentace laxiflora'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Malvaceae ''sensu lato'' or Tiliaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo. Its conservation status has been listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being of least concern. Description ''Pentace laxiflora'' is a medium-sized tree growing to a height of about , the trunk having a maximum diameter of . The leaves have short stalks with a pair of small stipules at the base, and are alternate, usually hairless, lanceolate and whitish underneath. The inflorescence is a lax panicle with small, widely separated, creamy-coloured flowers, each about in diameter. The seeds are winged nuts, about in diameter. Distribution and habitat ''Pentace laxiflora'' is endemic to Borneo where it is found in Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak and Kalimantan, its total area of occurrence being about . It grows in mixed dipterocarp forests, both primary and secondary, at altitudes of up to . Uses The timber of this tree is used ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shorea Parvifolia
''Shorea parvifolia'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, commonly known as light red meranti and white lauan. It is native to tropical southeastern Asia. Description ''Shorea parvifolia'' develops into a large forest tree up to tall with a wide crown. The trunk can grow to a diameter of with large buttresses up to high, but most of the largest trees have been selectively logged, leaving behind more modest specimens. Distribution and habitat ''Shorea parvifolia'' is native to Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo and Sumatra. It is one of the commonest dipterocarp species in lowland forests in the region, growing at elevations of up to . It grows on both clayey and sandy soils, in swampy areas and riverbanks, and on drier hillsides and ridges. Ecology This tree flowers in an irregular cycle lasting three to seven years, with all the trees flowering simultaneously. Pollination is mostly performed by beetles and thrips. The fruits have wings but mostly land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slash-and-burn
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden. The method begins by cutting down the trees and woody plants in an area. The downed vegetation, or "slash", is then left to dry, usually right before the rainiest part of the year. Then, the biomass is burned, resulting in a nutrient-rich layer of ash which makes the soil fertile, as well as temporarily eliminating weed and pest species. After about three to five years, the plot's productivity decreases due to depletion of nutrients along with weed and pest invasion, causing the farmers to abandon the field and move to a new area. The time it takes for a swidden to recover depends on the location and can be as little as five years to more than twenty years, after which the plot can be slashed and burned again, repeating the cycle. In Bangladesh and India, the practice is known as jhum or jhoom. Slash-and-burn is a type of shif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Macaranga
''Macaranga'' is a large genus of Old World tropical trees of the family Euphorbiaceae and the only genus in the subtribe Macaranginae (tribe Acalypheae). Native to Africa, Australasia, Asia and various islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, the genus comprises over 300 different species. It was first described as a genus in 1806, based on specimens collected on the Island of Mauritius. ''Macaranga'' is noted for being recolonizers. ''Macaranga'' species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including ''Endoclita malabaricus''. ''Macaranga'' species often form symbioses with ant ( Formicidae) species (particularly ''Crematogaster'' ants of the subgenus '' Decacrema'') because they have hollow stems that can serve as nesting space and occasionally provide nectar. The trees benefit because the ants attack herbivorous insects and either drive them away or feed on them. Use * Macaranga gum, a crimson resin, is obtained from '' Macaranga indica''. * ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Kalimantan
East Kalimantan (Indonesian: ) is a province of Indonesia. Its territory comprises the eastern portion of Borneo. It had a population of about 3.03 million at the 2010 census (within the current boundary), 3.42 million at the 2015 census, and 3.766 million at the 2020 census. The official estimate as at mid 2021 was 3,808,235.Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2022. Its capital is the city of Samarinda. East Kalimantan has a total area of and is the second least densely populated province in Kalimantan. The majority of the region shares a maritime border to the east with West Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi; its Cape Mangkalihat separates the Makassar Strait from the Celebes Sea. Its former northernmost region was split off in October 2012 and is now North Kalimantan; meanwhile it still shares land border to the west with West Kalimantan and Central Kalimantan; to its south, East Kalimantan borders South Kalimantan. The province bordered Sabah before the split, but still borders S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state and the 14th-largest country by area, at . With over 275 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population. Indonesia is a presidential republic with an elected legislature. It has 38 provinces, of which nine have special status. The country's capital, Jakarta, is the world's second-most populous urban area. Indonesia shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and the eastern part of Malaysia, as well as maritime borders with Singapore, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, Palau, and India ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dipterocarpaceae
Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fruit) and refers to the two-winged fruit. The largest genera are ''Shorea'' (196 species), ''Hopea'' (104 species), ''Dipterocarpus'' (70 species), and ''Vatica'' (65 species).Ashton, P.S. Dipterocarpaceae. In ''Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak,'' Volume 5, 2004. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L. G. and Chung, R. C. K. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Many are large forest-emergent species, typically reaching heights of 40–70 m, some even over 80 m (in the genera ''Dryobalanops'', ''Hopea'' and ''Shorea''), with the tallest known living specimen (''Shorea faguetiana'') 93.0 m tall. The species of this family are of major importance in the timber trade. Their distribution is pantropical, from northern South America to Africa, the Se ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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