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MFSD8
Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 8 also called MFSD8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ''MFSD8'' gene. MFSD8 is an atypical SLC, thus a predicted SLC transporter. It clusters phylogenetically to the Atypical MFS Transporter family 2 ( AMTF2). Function MFSD8 is a ubiquitous integral membrane protein which contains a transporter domain and a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) domain. Other members of the major facilitator superfamily transport small solutes through chemiosmotic ion gradients. The substrate transported by this protein is unknown. The protein, likely localizes to lysosomal membranes. Clinical significance Mutations in the MFSD8 gene have been of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative lysosomal storage diseases that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments (lipofuscin) in the body's tissues. These l .... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Major Facilitator Family
The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is a Protein superfamily, superfamily of membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of small solutes across cell membranes in response to chemiosmosis, chemiosmotic gradients. Function The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are membrane proteins which are expressed ubiquitously in all kingdoms of life for the import or export of target substrates. The MFS family was originally believed to function primarily in the uptake of sugars but subsequent studies revealed that drugs, metabolites, oligosaccharides, amino acids and oxyanions were all transported by MFS family members. These protein energetically drive transport utilizing the electrochemical gradient of the target substrate (uniporter), or act as a cotransporter where transport is coupled to the movement of a second substrate. Fold The basic fold of the MFS transporter is built around 12, or in some cases, 14 transmembrane helix, transmembrane helices (TMH), with two 6- (or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atypical SLCs
Atypical Solute Carrier Families (Atypical SLCs) are novel plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestral background with the known solute carrier families (SLCs). However, they have not been assigned a name according to the SLC root system, or been classified into any of the existing SLC families. Atypical major facilitator superfamily transport families Most atypical SLCs are families within the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). These atypical SLCs are plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestry with the known solute carriers. They are, however, not named according to the SLC root system, or classified into any of the existing SLC families. ATMFs are categorised based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic closeness. Some Atypical SLC of MFS type are: OCA2, CLN3, SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3, SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPL, MFSD1, MFSD2A, MFSD2B, MFSD3, MFSD4A, MFSD4B, MFSD5, MFSD6, MFSD6L, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atypical MFS Transporter Family
Atypical Solute Carrier Families (Atypical SLCs) are novel plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestral background with the known solute carrier families (SLCs). However, they have not been assigned a name according to the SLC root system, or been classified into any of the existing SLC families. Atypical major facilitator superfamily transport families Most atypical SLCs are families within the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). These atypical SLCs are plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestry with the known solute carriers. They are, however, not named according to the SLC root system, or classified into any of the existing SLC families. ATMFs are categorised based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic closeness. Some Atypical SLC of MFS type are: OCA2, CLN3, SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3, SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPL, MFSD1, MFSD2A, MFSD2B, MFSD3, MFSD4A, MFSD4B, MFSD5, MFSD6, MFSD6L, M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and organisms, and transporting molecules from one location to another. Proteins differ from one another primarily in their sequence of amino acids, which is dictated by the nucleotide sequence of their genes, and which usually results in protein folding into a specific 3D structure that determines its activity. A linear chain of amino acid residues is called a polypeptide. A protein contains at least one long polypeptide. Short polypeptides, containing less than 20–30 residues, are rarely considered to be proteins and are commonly called peptides. The individual amino acid residues are bonded together by peptide bonds and adjacent amino acid residues. The sequence of amino acid residue ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gene
In biology, the word gene (from , ; "...Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''generation'' or ''birth'' or ''gender'') can have several different meanings. The Mendelian gene is a basic unit of heredity and the molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA. There are two types of molecular genes: protein-coding genes and noncoding genes. During gene expression, the DNA is first copied into RNA. The RNA can be directly functional or be the intermediate template for a protein that performs a function. The transmission of genes to an organism's offspring is the basis of the inheritance of phenotypic traits. These genes make up different DNA sequences called genotypes. Genotypes along with environmental and developmental factors determine what the phenotypes will be. Most biological traits are under the influence of polygenes (many different genes) as well as gen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lysosome
A lysosome () is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. A lysosome has a specific composition, of both its membrane proteins, and its lumenal proteins. The lumen's pH (~4.5–5.0) is optimal for the enzymes involved in hydrolysis, analogous to the activity of the stomach. Besides degradation of polymers, the lysosome is involved in various cell processes, including secretion, plasma membrane repair, apoptosis, cell signaling, and energy metabolism. Lysosomes act as the waste disposal system of the cell by digesting used materials in the cytoplasm, from both inside and outside the cell. Material from outside the cell is taken up through endocytosis, while material from the inside of the cell is digested through autophagy. The sizes of the organelles vary greatly—the larger ones can be more than 10 times the size of the smaller ones. They were discov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
