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M9 Motorway (Ireland)
The M9 motorway ( ga, Mótarbhealach M9) is a motorway in Ireland linking the M7 between Naas and Newbridge near Kilcullen to Waterford. Opened in sections between 1994 and 2010, the final section opened on 9 September 2010. Prior to July 2008, the majority of the M9 – from Junction 2 onwards – was to be built as High Quality Dual Carriageway (HQDC). Due to the passing of a Statutory Instrument in that month, a large section of the route was re-designated to motorway standard. The section included the motorway between Kilcullen and Powerstown and the Carlow bypass. The remainder of the route has since been redesignated. Route M7 to Kilcullen The M9 begins at Junction 11 (previously Junction 9) on the M7 motorway. This junction is a restricted access interchange, allowing traffic from the M9 to enter only the eastbound carriageway. There is no access to the M9 from the M7 eastbound, or to the M7 westbound from the M9. The route continues for 6 km before reachin ...
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N9 Road (Ireland)
The N9 road is a national primary road in Ireland running from Junction 11 on the M7, located near Kilcullen, County Kildare, to Waterford city. The route connects Dublin and Waterford. The section of the route from junction 11 on the M7 at Kilcullen to the intersection with the N24 road outside Waterford is motorway standard since 2010 and is designated as the M9 motorway. In line with Irish practice, all sections previously designated N9 were renumbered at that time. Only a short (550-metre) section of the route is still designated as N9 between the Quarry roundabout junction with the N24 and the N25 Grannagh Roundabout junction. This section is dual carriageway. Route The route starts as motorway southwest of Newbridge (see thumbnail), and on the southwest side of Kilcullen. Prior to the 1993 opening of the Newbridge bypass, the N9 had run from Naas (east of the current M9). The previous route is now the R448. The previous route continued south through Kilgowan, the in ...
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IRL N24
IRL may refer to: Places * Republic of Ireland (ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code) * Irlam railway station (National Rail station code IRL), England Organizations * International Rugby League, the governing body for the sport of rugby league * Industrial Research Limited, New Zealand * Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit (Pro Patria and Res Publica Union), an Estonian political party * Institute for Research on Learning, Palo Alto, California, US, 1986–2000 * Institut Ramon Llull, promoting Catalan language and culture * Ipswich Rugby League, Australian rugby league football competition Other uses * ''IRL'' (film), a 2013 film * Indy Racing League 1995–2013, later INDYCAR * Internet resource locator * "In real life", internet term * In Real Life (band), boy band * Inverse reinforcement learning Reinforcement learning (RL) is an area of machine learning concerned with how intelligent agents ought to take actions in an environment in order to maximize the notion of cumulative re ...
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Roundabout
A roundabout is a type of circular intersection or junction in which road traffic is permitted to flow in one direction around a central island, and priority is typically given to traffic already in the junction.''The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary,'' Volume 2, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1993), page 2632 Engineers use the term modern roundabout to refer to junctions installed after 1960 that incorporate various design rules to increase safety. Both modern and non-modern roundabouts, however, may bear street names or be identified colloquially by local names such as rotary or traffic circle. Compared to stop signs, traffic signals, and earlier forms of roundabouts, modern roundabouts reduce the likelihood and severity of collisions greatly by reducing traffic speeds and minimizing T-bone and head-on collisions. Variations on the basic concept include integration with tram or train lines, two-way flow, higher speeds and many others. For pedestrians, traffic exiting th ...
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Danesfort
Danesfort () is a small rural area in County Kilkenny, Ireland, located approximately 6 km from Kilkenny City on the N10 (Waterford to Kilkenny). It is also the name of a civil parish in County Kilkenny. The local area consists of one primary school, a local GAA pitch, a Roman Catholic Church (including graveyard). A creche, a community centre and a care home for the elderly. The townland is divided almost equally either side of the road. Danesfort's flag is the same colour (black and amber) as that of its county, Kilkenny. Politics Danesfort is officially a political region of Bennettsbridge, a nearby town. The townland itself however is considered part of Kilkenny City in terms of GAA structure, as a postal division (by An Post) and in terms of banking ( Kilkenny City Credit Union serves the area. See also * List of townlands in County Kilkenny This is a list of all townlands (over 1600) in the County of Kilkenny. Each column header is a link to an article explainin ...
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Knocktopher
Knocktopher (historically ''Knocktofer'' and ''Knocktover''; ) is a village in County Kilkenny, Ireland. It is situated on the R713 road between the villages of Stoneyford to the north, and Ballyhale to the south. It was formerly situated on the N10 national route until being by-passed by the M9 motorway. It is also a civil parish in the eponymous barony of Knocktopher. The village has two pubs, two shops, a petrol station, a three star hotel, a restaurant and a glass gallery. Knocktopher is also one of 12 baronies in the county. History An ogham stone was erected about a mile south of Knocktopher in the medieval period: see Ballyboodan Ogham Stone. A mile to the west was Sheepstown Church. In 1312 it was listed as having four farmers holding between 5 and 74 acres of arable land, 45 free tenants holding from as much as 2,520 acres of arable land all the way down to a one-house plot. Ninety-seven burgesses held 360 acres of arable land, and there was a settlement of b ...
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Leighlinbridge
Leighlinbridge (; ) is a small town on the River Barrow in County Carlow, Ireland. The N9 National primary route once passed through the village, which was by-passed in the 1980s. It now lies on the R705 regional road. It covers the townlands of Leighlin (east bank of the river) and Ballyknockan (west bank). The village features narrow winding streets, grey limestone malthouses and castle ruins overlooking a 14th-century bridge across the River Barrow. Leighlinbridge has won the National Tidy Towns Competition, has come first in the Barrow Awards, been an overall national winner in Ireland's Green Town 2000, and represented Ireland in the European "Entente Florale" competition in 2001. Places of interest Leighlinbridge Castle, also called Black Castle, was one of Ireland's earliest Norman castles. A 50 ft tall broken castle tower and bawn wall are all that can be seen today. Leighlinbridge meteorite On the night of 28 November 1999, a loud detonation and bright fireba ...
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R448 Road
The R448 road is a regional road in Ireland. It is the designation given to the former N9 national primary road when it was bypassed by the M9 motorway. Route The official description of the R448 from the ''Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012'' S.I. No. 54/2012 — Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012
''Irish Statute Book''. 2012-02-28. reads: :R448: Naas, County Kildare — Waterford (Old National Route 9) :Between its junction with R445 at Main Street in the town of Naas and its junction with N80 at Rathnapish in the county of Carlow via Fairgreen and Kilcullen Road in the town of Naas: Bluebell, Mylerstown C ...
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Rosslare Harbour
The village of Rosslare Harbour (), also known as Ballygeary, grew up to serve the needs of the harbour of the same name (now called Rosslare Europort), first developed in 1906 by the Great Western Railway and the Great Southern and Western Railway to accommodate steamferry traffic between Great Britain and Ireland. This port also serves France and Spain, traffic is mainly roll-on roll-off (RoRo). Rosslare Harbour railway station opened on 30 August 1906. Village Although the harbour itself is located close to, and for census purposes is co-terminous with, the village of Ballygeary, and within the townland of Ballygillane Big, it was named after the village of Rosslare, some 4 km away (8 km by road) along the coast. The village of Ballygeary was divided into two townlands, one known as 'tin town' and the other as 'straw town'. It is believed this was because of the roofs on the houses. The village has a number of guesthouses, hotels, a Roman Catholic church, a pos ...
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N80 Road (Ireland)
The N80 road is a national secondary road in Ireland that runs southeastwards from its junction with the N52 and R443 in the town of Tullamore in County Offaly, to the N30 at Ballynahallin, just north of Enniscorthy in County Wexford, a distance of 114.683 km. Total length is . Upgrading In common with most National secondary routes, the N80 is a simple two lane road without hard shoulders for much of its route. Some of the worst bends may have been removed through the years and some junctions improved, but general pavement quality is rather poor. No improvements of existing sections are scheduled. Earlier works of note on the N80 include: * Bypass of Tullamore ( N52) and Moate ( M6) involved the designation of some 26 km of N80 to R road resulting in a reduction in its total length. * Mountmellick inner relief road - project appears to have been abandoned. * Realigned section where it crosses over the M7 (Completed late 1990s). * Kildavin bypass (completed in t ...
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Statutory Instrument
In many countries, a statutory instrument is a form of delegated legislation. United Kingdom Statutory instruments are the principal form of delegated or secondary legislation in the United Kingdom. National government Statutory instruments (or 'regulations') are primarily governed by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946, which replaced the system of statutory rules and orders governed by the Rules Publication Act 1893. Following the 2016 EU membership referendum and the subsequent publication of the European Union (Withdrawal) Bill, there has been concern that its powers enabling ministers to issue statutory instruments under the bill may enable the government to bypass Parliament. Although this has been criticised by some as being undemocratic, draft regulations must be "laid before" Parliament, which may always demand a full debate on contentious issues.
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High Quality Dual Carriageway
A High-quality dual carriageway (HQDC) is a road category in Ireland. It is defined as an all-purpose dual carriageway road type built to near motorway standards, but without motorway classification or motorway restrictions. High-quality dual carriageways have full grade-separated access and do not have junctions with minor roads. Such roads in the Republic of Ireland have been built as part of the 2000–2006 and 2007–2013 National Development Plans, including interurban routes from Dublin to other cities. While HQDCs or roads of similar type exist in a number of countries this article concentrates mainly on such roads in Ireland. Specifications Standard motorways: 52,000 vehicles AADT - annual average daily traffic. The road type is all-purpose dual carriageway (D2AP), but with the same specifications as motorway: a carriageway width of 7 metres (23 ft) and a hard shoulder of 2.5 metres (8 ft 2 in) width. HQDCs are limited access (grade-separated junctions onl ...
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Kilcullen
Kilcullen (), formally Kilcullen Bridge, is a small town on the River Liffey in County Kildare, Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Its population of 3,473 at the 2011 census made it the 12th largest settlement in County Kildare and the fastest growing in the county, having doubled in population from 1,483 in the census of 2002. By 2016, the population had risen to 3,710. It is situated primarily in the Kilcullen (barony), Barony of Kilcullen (in the Civil Parish of Kilcullen), with part in the Barony of Naas South (Civil Parish of Carnalway), and subsidiary areas include Logstown, Harristown (civil parish), Harristown, Carnalway and Brannockstown, Gilltown, Nicholastown, and Castlemartin. Kilcullen Bridge replaced the original settlement of Kilcullen, now Old Kilcullen, in the centuries following the building of the great bridge at the future site of the town. Other local historical features include Dun Ailinne, New Abbey and Castlemartin House and Estate, Castlemartin, for many yea ...
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