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Línea P
The Línea P (P line), officially the Pyrenees Defense Organisation (), was a fortified line of defense built in the Pyrenees between 1944 and 1948 to prevent an invasion into Spanish territory. After the end of the Spanish Civil War, the government of General Franco decided to build a defensive line in the Pyrenees, that would go from the Mediterranean to the Cantabrian Sea, approximately of fortified defensive points, stretching up to a depth of from the border. Some 8,000 – 10,000 bunkers were planned, of which approximately half were completed. Their garrison would have theoretically consisted of about 75,000 men. There is no evidence that the line was ever fully armed and operational. The defensive points of the Línea P and its access roads were built by war prisoners and jailed political opponents of the Francoist regime grouped in (Workers’ Battalions) immediately after the Spanish Civil War and from 1940 to December 1942, in ( Disciplinary Battalions of Workers- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Diplomatic Missions Of Spain
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Spain, excluding honorary consulates. The Kingdom of Spain has a large global diplomatic presence. Africa * ** Algiers (Embassy) ** Oran (Consulate-General) * ** Luanda (Embassy) * ** Yaoundé (Embassy) * ** Praia (Embassy) * ** Kinshasa (Embassy) * ** Cairo (Embassy) * ** Malabo (Embassy) ** Bata (Consulate-General) * ** Addis Ababa (Embassy) * ** Libreville (Embassy) * ** Banjul (Embassy office) * ** Accra (Embassy) * ** Conakry (Embassy) * ** Bissau (Embassy) * ** Abidjan (Embassy) * ** Nairobi (Embassy) * ** Tripoli (Embassy) * ** Bamako (Embassy) * ** Nouakchott (Embassy) ** Nouadhibou (Consulate-General) * ** Rabat (Embassy) ** Agadir (Consulate-General) ** Casablanca (Consulate-General) ** Nador (Consulate-General) ** Tanger (Consulate-General) ** Tetuan (Consulate-General) ** Larache (Consulate) * ** Maputo (Embassy) * ** Windhoek (Embassy) * ** Niamey (Embassy) * ** Abuja (Embassy) ** Lagos (Consulate-General) * ** Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Cerdagne
French Cerdagne ( ca, Alta Cerdanya, ) is the northern half of Cerdanya, which came under French control as a result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659, while the southern half remained in Spain (as part of Catalonia). Catalans often refer to French Cerdagne as Upper Cerdanya ( ca, Alta Cerdanya). It is the only French territory on the Iberian Peninsula, as it is located on the south side of the Pyrenees Range between France and Spain. For example, the Segre river, which goes west and then south to meet the Ebro, has its source in the French Cerdagne. An inadvertent result of the Treaty of the Pyrenees is the Spanish exclave of Llívia (the small uncolored area in the map) which is sovereign Spanish territory surrounded by French Cerdagne. French Cerdagne has no special status inside France, simply forming an area within the '' department'' of Pyrénées-Orientales, unlike the Spanish part of Cerdanya, which is officially a Catalan ''comarca'' called simply Cerdanya. In Fr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste
Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste (; ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France, near the border with Spain and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia. The name ''Prats-de-Mollo'' comes from Catalan "meadows of Molló". Molló is a town just across the border and the Col d'Ares. La Preste is a spa resort town that was a separate village but is now included as part of the municipality. Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste was the capital of the eponymous former canton. It forms part of the historical comarca of Vallespir and is part of Northern Catalonia. Geography Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste is located in the Pyrenees, from the Spanish border and the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, on the banks of the river Tech, and on the south face of the Canigou at an elevation of 735 meters. Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste is located in the canton of Le Canigou and in the arrondissement of Céret. History The town, along with other Vallespir municipalities of Roussillon was sep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Las Illas
Las Illas (in Catalan: ''Les Illes'') is a former commune in Pyrénées-Orientales (France), now part of Maureillas-las-Illas. Geography Las Illas is located south of Maureillas and north of Maçanet de Cabrenys (Catalonia, Spain). History Las Illas became a commune in 1790. Las Illas was only linked to the electricity network on 26 July 1955. The commune had repeatedly asked to have electricity since 1923. On 20 June 1972, Las Illas was linked with Maureillas and Riunoguès to create the new commune of Maureillas-las-Illas.Jean-Pierre Pélissier, Paroisses et communes de France : dictionnaire d'histoire administrative et démographique, vol. 66 : Pyrénées-Orientales, Paris, CNRS, 1986, 378 p. () Politics and administration Mayors Demography Demography of Las Illas. Population under the Ancien Régime is calculated either in number of ''feu fiscal'' (''f'', fire tax), or in number of inhabitants. After 1975, see Maureillas-las-Illas#Population Sites of i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maureillas-las-Illas
Maureillas-las-Illas (; ca, Morellàs i les Illes) is a rural commune in the Vallespir, Pyrénées-Orientales in the south of France. The commune belongs to the ''Communauté de communes'' of Vallespir uniting Maureillas-las-Illas with nine other communes. Geography Localisation Maureillas-las-Illas is located in the canton of Vallespir-Albères and in the arrondissement of Céret. It lies east of Céret and north of the Spanish border. Surrounding communes Land relief Hydrography Toponymy ;Names The first mention of the village under the name ''Maurelianum'' was in 1011. The name is then written as ''Maurelanis'' in the 12th century, ''Maurellans'' and ''Maurellas'' in the 15th century and finally ''Maurallas'' or ''Maurellas'' since the 17th century.Lluís Basseda, Toponymie historique de Catalunya Nord, t. 1, Prades, Revista Terra Nostra, 1990, 796 p. ''Maurellas'' is the Catalan spelling, ''Maureillas'' is its French transcription. ;Etymology Maureillas is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Perthus
Le Perthus (, ca, El Pertús, ) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France. Natives of Le Pertus are called ''Perthusiens'' and, in 2016, there were 586 inhabitants. Le Perthus is also one of French territories on the Iberian Peninsula. Geography Le Perthus is situated in the canton of Vallespir-Albères and the arrondissement of Céret, in the historical region of Vallespir, on the borders with Catalonia, Spain. Its contiguous Spanish twin town, Els Límits (a parish of the commune of La Jonquera, in the Province of Girona), is situated in the east and south side of the urban area. Also part of the main road, ''Avenue de France'', is in both France and Spain; and its eastern side (in Els Limits) is named ''Avinguda de Catalunya''. Out of the main road, in which is situated the checkpoint (totally on the Spanish side), the other principal roads are ''Rue du Fort de Bellegarde'' (panoramic hill road to the fortress), ''Carrer del Dalt'', ''Rue du Mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hendaye
Hendaye (Basque language, Basque: ''Hendaia'')HENDAIA Auñamendi Encyclopedia, Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia is a Communes of France, commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Departments of France, department and Nouvelle-Aquitaine Regions of France, region of southwestern France.INSEE commune file /ref> The town, Metropolitan France's most southwesterly and a popular seaside tourist resort, stands on the right bank of the Bidassoa, River Bidassoa – which marks the France–Spain border, Franco-Spanish border – at the point where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean in the Northern Basque Country, French Basque Country. Hendaye has three distinguishable parts: ''la ville' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cerbère
Cerbère (; ca, Cervera de la Marenda) is a commune and railway town in the Pyrénées-Orientales department in southern France.Commune de Cerbère (66048) INSEE Its inhabitants are called ''Cerbériens'' (''Cerverins'' / ''Cerverines'' in Catalan). The village is best known for the border railway station, , on the French side of the on the railway line between Perpignan and |
Case Anton
Case Anton (german: link=no, Fall Anton) was the military occupation of France carried out by Germany and Italy in November 1942. It marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally-independent state and the disbanding of its army (the severely-limited '' Armistice Army''), but it continued its existence as a puppet government in Occupied France. One of the last actions of the Vichy armed forces before their dissolution was the scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon to prevent it from falling into Axis hands. Background A German plan to occupy Vichy France had been drawn up in December 1940 under the codename of Operation Attila and soon came to be considered with Operation Camellia, the plan to occupy Corsica. Operation Anton updated the original Operation Attila, including different German units and adding Italian involvement. For Adolf Hitler, the main rationale for permitting a nominally-independent France to exist was that it was, in the absence of German naval super ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Operation Torch
Operation Torch (8 November 1942 – Run for Tunis, 16 November 1942) was an Allies of World War II, Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War. Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to engage in the fight against Nazi Germany on a limited scale. It was the first mass involvement of US troops in the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II, European–North African Theatre, and saw the first major airborne assault carried out by the United States. While the French colonies were formally aligned with Germany via Vichy France, the loyalties of the population were mixed. Reports indicated that they might support the Allies. American General Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme commander of the Allied forces in Mediterranean Theater of Operations, planned a three-pronged attack on Casablanca (Western), Oran (Center) and Algiers (Easter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. World War II was a total war that directly involved more than 100 million personnel from more than 30 countries. The major participants in the war threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role in the conflict, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and deploying the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II was by far the deadliest conflict in human history; it resulted in 70 to 85 million fatalities, mostly among civilians. Tens of millions died due to genocides (including the Holocaust), starvation, ma ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
