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Länderbahnen
The ''Länderbahnen'' (singular: ''Länderbahn'') were the various state railways of the German Confederation and the German Empire in the period from about 1840 to 1920, when they were merged into the Deutsche Reichsbahn after the First World War. The state railways Railways merged into the Deutsche Reichsbahn The seven state railways forming the merger were the: *Prussian state railways (''Preußische Staatseisenbahnen'' or ''P.St.E.'') *Royal Bavarian State Railways (''Königlich Bayerische Staatseisenbahn'' or ''K.Bay.Sts.B.'') *Royal Saxon State Railways (''Königlich Sächsische Staatseisenbahnen'' or ''K.Sächs.Sts.E.B.'') * Royal Württemberg State Railways (''Königlich Württembergische Staatseisenbahn'' or ''K.W.St.E.'') * Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (''Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahn'' or ''G.Bad.St.E.''), 1840–1920 * Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway (''Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn'' or ''M.F.F.E.'') * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Rail Transport In Germany
:''This article is part of the history of rail transport by country series'' The history of rail transport in Germany can be traced back to the 16th century. The earliest form of railways, wagonways, were developed in Germany in the 16th century. Modern German rail history officially began with the opening of the steam-powered Bavarian Ludwig Railway between Nuremberg and Fürth on 7 December 1835. This had been preceded by the opening of the horse-drawn Prince William Railway on 20 September 1831. The first long-distance railway was the Leipzig-Dresden railway, completed on 7 April 1839. Forerunners The forerunner of the railway in Germany, as in England, was to be found mainly in association with the mining industry. Mine carts were used below ground for transportation, initially using wooden rails, and were steered either by a guide pin between the rails or by flanges on the wheels. A wagonway operation was illustrated in Germany in 1556 by Georgius Agricola (image right) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Deutsche Reichsbahn
The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'', also known as the German National Railway, the German State Railway, German Reich Railway, and the German Imperial Railway, was the German national railway system created after the end of World War I from the regional railways of the individual states of the German Empire. The ''Deutsche Reichsbahn'' has been described as "the largest enterprise in the capitalist world in the years between 1920 and 1932"; nevertheless its importance "arises primarily from the fact that the Reichsbahn was at the center of events in a period of great turmoil in German history". Overview The company was founded on 1 April 1920 as the ("German Imperial Railways") when the Weimar Republic, which still used the nation-state term of the previous monarchy, (German Reich, hence the usage of the in the name of the railway; the monarchical term was ), took national control of the German railways, which had previously been run by the German states. In 1924 it was reorganised ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussian-Hessian Railway Company
The Royal Prussian and Grand-Ducal Hessian State Railways (German: ''Königlich Preußische und Großherzoglich Hessischen Staatseisenbahnen'' or ''K.P.u.G.H.St.E.'') was a state-owned network of independent railway divisions in the German states of Prussia and Hesse in the early 20th century. It was not, as sometimes maintained, a single state railway company. On 1 April 1897, the management of the Royal Prussian State Railways (''Königlich Preußische Staatseisenbahnen'') took over the operations of the railways within the Grand Duchy of Hesse under the initial name "Prussian-Hessian Railway Operation and Financial Association" (''Preußisch-Hessische Eisenbahnbetriebs- und Finanzgemeinschaft''). Ownership, sovereign rights, and profits remained with the state of Hesse in accordance with a state treaty of 23 June 1896. The headquarters of the railway division (''Eisenbahndirektion'') was at Mainz. Hesse could also influence the selection of staff for managerial posts, but eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway
The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway (''Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn'' or ''M.F.F.E.'') was the state railway company in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz. After its second nationalisation in 1890 up to the merger of the ''Länderbahnen'' into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920 it was under the direction of the Grand Duchy's Executive Railway Board (''Großherzoglichen General-Eisenbahndirection'' or ''GGED'') in Schwerin. Context Mecklenburg is a region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the present day state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Its largest cities are Rostock, Schwerin, and Neubrandenburg. In 1815, the two Mecklenburg duchies - Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz - were raised to Grand Duchies, and subsequently existed separately in Germany until the end of World War I. The earlier private railways were nationalised by 1890 into the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Fri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Hesse State Railways
The Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways (''Großherzoglich Hessischen Staatseisenbahnen'') belonged to the ''Länderbahnen'' at the time of the German Empire. In the 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Hesse consisted of three provinces. Between the rivers Rhine, Main and Neckar the province of Starkenburg embraced the Odenwald and the Hessian Ried. It also included the ducal residence of Darmstadt. West of the Rhine, was the province of Rhenish Hesse (''Rheinhessen'') with the towns of Mainz, Worms and Bingen. The province of Upper Hesse (''Oberhessen''), which included the Vogelsberg and the Wetterau was not directly linked by land to the others. As a result of its lack of territorial integrity, the state did not initially build its own state railway. Rather it took part in joint state railway projects with its neighbouring states: These were the: * Main-Neckar Railway with Frankfurt and Baden * Main–Weser Railway with Frankfurt and Kurhessen * Frankfurt-Offenbach Local Railway ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duchy Of Brunswick State Railway
The Duchy of Brunswick State Railway (''Herzoglich Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn'') was the first state railway in Germany. The first section of its Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line between Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel opened on 1 December 1838. Opening The construction of the line was mainly the work of the entrepreneur Philipp August von Amsberg, privy councillor to Duke William of Brunswick. Amsberg investigated the transportation links from the land-locked Duchy of Brunswick to the Hanse cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck and recognised that the transportation of wood and mining products from the duchy's estates in the Harz mountain range to the maritime harbours was not competitive. Conversely products from the seaboard harbours tended to be transported on the Elbe river to Magdeburg in the Prussian Province of Saxony but not to Brunswick. In 1824 he proposed, in a memorandum, a plan to build railway links from Brunswick through the Kingdom of Hanover to the c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Confederation
The German Confederation (german: Deutscher Bund, ) was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806. The Confederation had only one organ, the Federal Convention (German Confederation), Federal Convention (also Federal Assembly or Confederate Diet). The Convention consisted of the representatives of the member states. The most important issues had to be decided on unanimously. The Convention was presided over by the representative of Austria. This was a formality, however, the Confederation did not have a head of state, since it was not a state. The Confederation, on the one hand, was a strong alliance between its member states because federal law was superior to state law (the decisions of the Federal Convention (German Confederation), Federal Convention were binding for the member states). Additionally, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Province Of Kurhessen
The Province of Kurhessen () or Electoral Hesse was a province of Prussia within Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945. Although all German states, including Prussia, had ''de facto'' been dissolved since 1933, the Nazi government formally partitioned the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau into two provinces effective with a decree issued on 1 April 1944 and effective on 1 July 1944. The two new provinces were the province of Kurhessen and the Province of Nassau. Following the end of World War II, Kurhessen fell under American administration. The province was dissolved by the occupying US forces on 19 September 1945 and formed part of the administrative zone of Greater Hesse. Just over a year later, Greater Hesse became the modern German state of Hesse. Etymology The name ''Kurhessen'' comes from the former Electorate of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel; 1803–1866) which, following the Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War, also by many variant names such as Sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KPEV
The title Royal Prussian Railway Administration (''Königlich Preußische Eisenbahn-Verwaltung'') or KPEV is often mistakenly used to describe the Prussian state railways (''Preußische Staatseisenbahn''). The initials ''KPEV'' are found on cast wagon plaques with the coat of arms, and appear to have been designed by an official of the Cologne (''Coeln'') division and then unwittingly adopted by the other divisions. No organisation with the name Royal Prussian Railway Administration actually existed, but its German name and the abbreviation ''KPEV'' has been used widely by railway fans since about 1970. The largely independent railway divisions in Prussia reported directly to the Ministry of Public Works. The correct title for the railways in Prussia was at first the Royal Prussian State Railways (''Königlich Preußische Staatseisenbahnen''). In 1896 it became the Prussian-Hessian State Railways (''Preußisch-Hessische Staatseisenbahnen'') and after the First World War, the Pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Prussian Railway Administration
The title Royal Prussian Railway Administration (''Königlich Preußische Eisenbahn-Verwaltung'') or KPEV is often mistakenly used to describe the Prussian state railways (''Preußische Staatseisenbahn''). The initials ''KPEV'' are found on cast wagon plaques with the coat of arms, and appear to have been designed by an official of the Cologne (''Coeln'') division and then unwittingly adopted by the other divisions. No organisation with the name Royal Prussian Railway Administration actually existed, but its German name and the abbreviation ''KPEV'' has been used widely by railway fans since about 1970. The largely independent railway divisions in Prussia reported directly to the Ministry of Public Works. The correct title for the railways in Prussia was at first the Royal Prussian State Railways (''Königlich Preußische Staatseisenbahnen''). In 1896 it became the Prussian-Hessian State Railways (''Preußisch-Hessische Staatseisenbahnen'') and after the First World War, the P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (french: Troisième République, sometimes written as ) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government. The early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870. Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace (keeping the Territoire de Belfort) and Lorraine (the northeastern part, i.e. present-day department of Moselle), social upheaval, and the establishment of the Paris Commune. The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy, but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial Railways In Alsace-Lorraine
The Kaiserliche Generaldirektion der Eisenbahnen in Elsaß-Lothringen or EL (English: General Directorate of the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine) were the first railways owned by the German Empire. They emerged in 1871, after France had ceded the region of Alsace-Lorraine to the German Empire under the terms of the Peace Treaty of Frankfurt following the Franco-Prussian War. The railways of the private ''Compagnie des chemins de fer de l'Est (CF de l'Est''; English: renchEastern Railway Company), with a total of trackage, were formally purchased from the French and then sold again to the German Empire. The purchase price of 260 million Goldmarks was counted as compensation for the war. The ''General Directorate of the Imperial Railways in Alsace-Lorraine'' (''Kaiserliche Generaldirektion der Eisenbahnen in Elsaß-Lothringen'') had its head office in Straßburg (now Strasbourg) and was subordinated directly to the Reich Chancellor. In 1878, however, it was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
