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Lucius Trebius Germanus
Lucius Trebius Germanus was a governor of Roman Britain in 127, and suffect consul with Gaius Calpurnius Flaccus, the proconsul of Cyprus in 123, at an uncertain date. He is known from a military diploma published in 1997 that bears the date 20 August 127. Anthony Birley provides further information on Trebius Germanus. He is mentioned in the '' Digest'', which cites a legal decision Trebius Germanus made while governor of an unnamed province, not necessarily Roman Britain, condemning a slave boy to death for failing to call for help when his owner was murdered. Birley also notes that Trebius Germanus is a member of a small group of three consuls appointed to the office in a ten-year period who share the same gentilicium -- the others being Gaius Trebius Maximus (suffect consul 121 or 122) and Gaius Trebius Sergianus (consul 132) -- while adding Ronald Syme's observations that "'the obscure Trebii... are the first and last consuls of that name'; elsewhere he called them 'a unique ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the period in classical antiquity when large parts of the island of Great Britain were under occupation by the Roman Empire. The occupation lasted from AD 43 to AD 410. During that time, the territory conquered was raised to the status of a Roman province. Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55 and 54 BC as part of his Gallic Wars. According to Caesar, the Britons had been overrun or culturally assimilated by other Celtic tribes during the British Iron Age and had been aiding Caesar's enemies. He received tribute, installed the friendly king Mandubracius over the Trinovantes, and returned to Gaul. Planned invasions under Augustus were called off in 34, 27, and 25 BC. In 40 AD, Caligula assembled 200,000 men at the Channel on the continent, only to have them gather seashells ('' musculi'') according to Suetonius, perhaps as a symbolic gesture to proclaim Caligula's victory over the sea. Three years later, Claudius directed four legi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hadrian
Hadrian (; la, Caesar Trâiānus Hadriānus ; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138. He was born in Italica (close to modern Santiponce in Spain), a Roman ''municipium'' founded by Italic settlers in Hispania Baetica and he came from a branch of the gens Aelia that originated in the Picenean town of Hadria, the ''Aeli Hadriani''. His father was of senatorial rank and was a first cousin of Emperor Trajan. Hadrian married Trajan's grand-niece Vibia Sabina early in his career before Trajan became emperor and possibly at the behest of Trajan's wife Pompeia Plotina. Plotina and Trajan's close friend and adviser Lucius Licinius Sura were well disposed towards Hadrian. When Trajan died, his widow claimed that he had nominated Hadrian as emperor immediately before his death. Rome's military and Senate approved Hadrian's succession, but four leading senators were unlawfully put to death soon after. They had opposed Hadrian or seemed to threaten his s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Governors Of Britain
This is a partial list of governors of Roman Britain from 43 to 409. As the unified province "Britannia", Roman Britain was a consular province, meaning that its governors had to first serve as a consul in Rome before they could govern it. While this rank could be obtained either as a suffect or ordinarius, a number of governors were ''consules ordinarii'', and also appear in the List of Early Imperial Roman Consuls. After Roman Britain was divided, first into two (early 3rd century), then into four (293), later governors could be of the lower, equestrian rank. Not all the governors are recorded by Roman historians and many listed here are derived from epigraphic evidence or from sources such as the Vindolanda letters. Beyond the recall of Gnaeus Julius Agricola in 85 the dates of service of those who can be named can only be inferred. Others are still entirely anonymous and by the time of the division of Britain into separate provinces, the record is very patchy. Roman governors o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Inscriptions Of Britain
''Roman Inscriptions of Britain'' is a 3-volume corpus of inscriptions found in Britain from the Roman period. It is an important reference work for all scholars of Roman Britain. This monumental work was initiated by Francis J. Haverfield, whose notebooks were bequeathed to the University of Oxford. The first volume, ''Inscriptions on Stone'', was then edited by R.G. Collingwood and R.P. Wright with an addendum by R.S.O. Tomlin. It was first published in 1965, with a new edition in 1995. Volume II contains, broadly speaking, the inscriptions found on ''instrumentum domesticum'' (domestic utensils). Volume III (edited by R.S.O. Tomlin, R.P. Wright, and M.W.C. Hassall) is a continuation of Volume I, containing all the lapidary inscriptions found from the closing date of Volume I up to 31 December 2006. There are also indexes published to the volumes allowing the scholar quickly to reference nomina and cognomina, military units, imperial titles, emperors and consuls, deities and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nundinium
Nundinium was a Latin word derived from the word '' nundinum'', which referred to the cycle of days observed by the Romans. During the Roman Empire, ''nundinium'' came to mean the duration of a single consulship among several in a calendar year. Sources * Historia Augusta, ''Vita Alexander'', 28, 43; ''Vita Tacitus'', 9 * Theodor Mommsen Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (; 30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest classicists of the 19th centur ..., ''Abriss des römischen Staatsrechts'' (Leipzig 1893), Vol 2, p. 84; Vol. 3, p. 375 Government of the Roman Empire * {{Latin-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Nonius Proculus
The gens Nonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Its members first appear in history toward the end of the Republic. The first of the Nonii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Nonius Asprenas in 36 BC. From then until the end of the fourth century, they regularly held the highest offices of the Roman state.''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', vol. II, p. 1207 (" Nonia Gens"). Origin The nomen ''Nonius'' is a patronymic surname, based on the praenomen '' Nonus'', presumably belonging to an ancestor of the gens. The name is undoubtedly Latin, although the first of the Nonii to rise to prominence at Rome is said to have come from Picenum. Another branch of the family seems to have come from Aesernia. Praenomina The chief praenomina of the Nonii were ''Lucius, Marcus'', and '' Publius'', all of which were used by the Nonii Asprenates, while the Quinctiliani used ''Lucius'' and '' Sextus'', the latter coming from the Quinctilii, in the maternal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Publius Mummius Sisenna
Publius Mummius Sisenna was a Roman politician who was ''consul ordinarius'' in 133 with Marcus Antonius Hiberus as his colleague, and governor of Roman Britain shortly afterwards. Hadrian's Wall may have been finished under his governorship. Ronald Syme considers Sisenna's tribe "Galeria" as clear evidence that his family origins lay in Spain, and counts twenty different individuals from those provinces who shared his ''gentilicium''. Life Little is known of his career. Syme speculates that Sisenna may be identical with a "Publius" known to have been governor of Thracia between the years 128 and 136. Sisenna is attested as governor of Roman Britain in a fragmentary inscription at Wroxeter dated 14 April 135. The brief period between his consulship and governorship is unusual; he was one of only three persons known to have proceeded directly to governorship of Roman Britain without governing another province first. The sudden departure of Sextus Julius Severus to Judaea to suppre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sextus Julius Severus
Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Julius Severus was an accomplished Roman general of the 2nd century. He also held the office of suffect consul in the last three months of 127 with Lucius Aemilius Juncus as his colleague. Biography Julius Severus was born in Colonia Claudia Aequum, Dalmatia, today Čitluk, a small village in modern-day Bosnia-Herzegovina. He served as Governor of Moesia; he was appointed Governor of Britain around 131. In 133 and to circa 135 he was transferred to 14th legate of Judaea, to help suppress the Bar Kokhba revolt there. Because of his military reputation, historians have seen him as a troubleshooter, sent to troublesome provinces to bring peace through war and his presence has been taken as indication of unrest in Britain at the time. There is no archaeological evidence to suggest fighting in Britain under his governorship although a reference by the orator Fronto to many soldiers dying in Britain under Hadrian's reign may refer to trouble at this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bewcastle
Bewcastle is a large civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England. It is in the Historic counties of England, historic county of Cumberland. According to the 2001 census the parish had a population of 411, reducing to 391 at the 2011 Census. The parish is large and includes the settlements of Roadhead and Sleetbeck. To the north the parish extends to the border with Scotland. To the east the parish bounds Northumberland. Etymology The origin of the name Bewcastle can be traced accurately from its spelling in ancient documents. These show that it was originally "bothy/booth caster", which translates as "the Roman fort where there were bothies or shielings". 'Cæster' is "an Anglian side-form of OE 'ceaster', referring to the defences of the Roman camp...a medieval fortress was built within these defences..." The original form of the first element "was clearly 'Buth-' from ON búð, 'booth'." (OE=Old English; ON=Old Norse). Antiquarians, who did not have ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaius Calpurnius Flaccus
Gaius Calpurnius Flaccus was a Roman senator of the second century. He was attested suffect consul with Lucius Trebius Germanus as his colleague on 15 December of an undetermined year between 122 and 127. Both Flaccus and Germanus are primarily known from inscriptions. Géza Alföldy has suggested that Flaccus might be the son of a Calpurnius Flaccus, to whom Pliny the Younger wrote a short and chatty letter. Alföldy identified the son with another Gaius Calpurnius Flaccus, known from an inscription, who was ''flamen provinciae Hispaniae'' about the time of Hadrian's visit to Tarraco.Alföldy, cited in Anthony Birley, ''Fasti of Roman Britain'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981), p. 237 The ''cursus honorum'' of Flaccus is imperfectly known from an inscription from Salamis. His first known office was as ''legatus legionis'' or commander of a Roman legion in the Rhine provinces with "Augustus" in its name; Alföldy argues that Flaccus was ''legatus'' more likely of Legio II Augu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aulus Platorius Nepos
Aulus Platorius Nepos was a Roman senator who held a number of appointments in the imperial service, including the governorship of Britain. He was suffect consul succeeding the ''consul posterior'' Publius Dasumius Rusticus as the colleague of the emperor Hadrian for March to April 119 AD. Anthony Birley notes that Nepos' career "in two important respects was an unusual one for a governor of Britain. In the first place, it is the only example recorded before the time of Severus Alexander of a man who had begun his career in the least favored post in the vigintivirate, the ''tresviri capitales'', later receiving an emperor's backing in his candidature for a higher post.... Secondly, this is only one of three known instances (the others being those of L. Flavius Silva (''ord''. 81) and C. Bruttius Praesens (II ''ord''. 139) of such men proceeding to the consulship after a single senior praetorian appointment."Birley, ''The ''Fasti'' of Roman Britain'', (Oxford: Clarendon Press, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
