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Lorentz Forces
In physics (specifically in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force (or electromagnetic force) is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields. A particle of charge moving with a velocity in an electric field and a magnetic field experiences a force of \mathbf = q\,\mathbf + q\,\mathbf \times \mathbf (in SI unitsIn SI units, is measured in teslas (symbol: T). In Gaussian-cgs units, is measured in gauss (symbol: G). See e.g. )The -field is measured in amperes per metre (A/m) in SI units, and in oersteds (Oe) in cgs units. ). It says that the electromagnetic force on a charge is a combination of a force in the direction of the electric field proportional to the magnitude of the field and the quantity of charge, and a force at right angles to the magnetic field and the velocity of the charge, proportional to the magnitude of the field, the charge, and the velocity. Variations on this basic formula describe the magnetic force on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorentz Force On Charged Particles In Bubble Chamber - HD
Lorentz is a name derived from the Roman surname, Laurentius, which means "from Laurentum". It is the German form of Laurence. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Lorentz Aspen (born 1978), Norwegian heavy metal pianist and keyboardist * Lorentz Dietrichson (1834–1917), Norwegian poet and historian of art and literature * Lorentz Eichstadt (1596–1660), German mathematician and astronomer * Lorentz Harboe Ree (1888–1962), Norwegian architect * Lorentz Lange (1783–1860), Norwegian judge and politician * Lorentz Reige (born 1990), Swedish dancer * Lorentz Reitan (born 1946), Norwegian musicologist Mononym * Lorentz (rapper), real name Lorentz Alexander, Swedish singer and rapper Surname * Dominique Lorentz, French investigative journalist who has written books on nuclear proliferation * Friedrich Lorentz, author of works on the Pomeranian language * Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Clerk Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematician and scientist responsible for the classical theory of electromagnetic radiation, which was the first theory to describe electricity, magnetism and light as different manifestations of the same phenomenon. Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism have been called the " second great unification in physics" where the first one had been realised by Isaac Newton. With the publication of "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" in 1865, Maxwell demonstrated that electric and magnetic fields travel through space as waves moving at the speed of light. He proposed that light is an undulation in the same medium that is the cause of electric and magnetic phenomena. (This article accompanied an 8 December 1864 presentation by Maxwell to the Royal Society. His statement that "light and magnetism are affections of the same substance" is at page 499.) The unification of light and electrical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electric Charge
Electric charge is the physical property of matter that causes charged matter to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. Electric charge can be ''positive'' or ''negative'' (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. An object with an absence of net charge is referred to as neutral. Early knowledge of how charged substances interact is now called classical electrodynamics, and is still accurate for problems that do not require consideration of quantum effects. Electric charge is a conserved property; the net charge of an isolated system, the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge, cannot change. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms. If there are more electrons than protons in a piece of matter, it will have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lorentz Force Particle
Lorentz is a name derived from the Roman surname, Laurentius, which means "from Laurentum". It is the German form of Laurence. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Lorentz Aspen (born 1978), Norwegian heavy metal pianist and keyboardist * Lorentz Dietrichson (1834–1917), Norwegian poet and historian of art and literature * Lorentz Eichstadt (1596–1660), German mathematician and astronomer * Lorentz Harboe Ree (1888–1962), Norwegian architect * Lorentz Lange (1783–1860), Norwegian judge and politician * Lorentz Reige (born 1990), Swedish dancer * Lorentz Reitan (born 1946), Norwegian musicologist Mononym * Lorentz (rapper), real name Lorentz Alexander, Swedish singer and rapper Surname * Dominique Lorentz, French investigative journalist who has written books on nuclear proliferation * Friedrich Lorentz, author of works on the Pomeranian language * Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (; 18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abraham–Lorentz Force
In the physics of electromagnetism, the Abraham–Lorentz force (also Lorentz–Abraham force) is the recoil force on an accelerating charged particle caused by the particle emitting electromagnetic radiation by self-interaction. It is also called the radiation reaction force, radiation damping force or the self-force. It is named after the physicists Max Abraham and Hendrik Lorentz. The formula although predating the theory of special relativity, was initially calculated for non-relativistic velocity approximations was extended to arbitrary velocities by Max Abraham and was shown to be physically consistent by George Adolphus Schott. The non-relativistic form is called Lorentz self-force while the relativistic version is called Lorentz-Dirac force or Abraham–Lorentz–Dirac force. The equations are in the domain of classical physics, not quantum physics, and therefore may not be valid at distances of roughly the Compton wavelength or below. History First calculation of the ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Synchrotron Light
Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity (). It is produced artificially in some types of particle accelerators, or naturally by fast electrons moving through magnetic fields. The radiation produced in this way has a characteristic polarization and the frequencies generated can range over a large portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Synchrotron radiation is similar to bremsstrahlung radiation, which is emitted by a charged particle when the acceleration is parallel to the direction of motion. The general term for radiation emitted by particles in a magnetic field is ''gyromagnetic radiation'', for which synchrotron radiation is the ultra-relativistic special case. Radiation emitted by charged particles moving non-relativistically in a magnetic field is called cyclotron emission. For particles in the mildly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bremsstrahlung
''Bremsstrahlung'' (), from "to brake" and "radiation"; i.e., "braking radiation" or "deceleration radiation", is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus. The moving particle loses kinetic energy, which is converted into radiation (i.e., photons), thus satisfying the law of conservation of energy. The term is also used to refer to the process of producing the radiation. ''Bremsstrahlung'' has a continuous spectrum, which becomes more intense and whose peak intensity shifts toward higher frequencies as the change of the energy of the decelerated particles increases. Broadly speaking, ''bremsstrahlung'' or braking radiation is any radiation produced due to the deceleration (negative acceleration) of a charged particle, which includes synchrotron radiation (i.e., photon emission by a relativistic particle), cyclotron radiation (i.e. photon emission by a non ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norm (mathematics)
In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance from the origin: it commutes with scaling, obeys a form of the triangle inequality, and is zero only at the origin. In particular, the Euclidean distance of a vector from the origin is a norm, called the Euclidean norm, or 2-norm, which may also be defined as the square root of the inner product of a vector with itself. A seminorm satisfies the first two properties of a norm, but may be zero for vectors other than the origin. A vector space with a specified norm is called a normed vector space. In a similar manner, a vector space with a seminorm is called a ''seminormed vector space''. The term pseudonorm has been used for several related meanings. It may be a synonym of "seminorm". A pseudonorm may satisfy the same axioms as a norm, with the equality replaced by an inequality "\,\leq\," in the homogeneity axiom. It can also re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Test Charge
In physical theories, a test particle, or test charge, is an idealized model of an object whose physical properties (usually mass, charge, or size) are assumed to be negligible except for the property being studied, which is considered to be insufficient to alter the behavior of the rest of the system. The concept of a test particle often simplifies problems, and can provide a good approximation for physical phenomena. In addition to its uses in the simplification of the dynamics of a system in particular limits, it is also used as a diagnostic in computer simulations of physical processes. Classical gravity The easiest case for the application of a test particle arises in Newtonian gravity. The general expression for the gravitational force between any two point masses m_1 and m_2 is: :F = -G \frac, where \mathbf_1 and \mathbf_2 represent the position of each particle in space. In the general solution for this equation, both masses rotate around their center of mass R, in this ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electromagnetic Tensor
In electromagnetism, the electromagnetic tensor or electromagnetic field tensor (sometimes called the field strength tensor, Faraday tensor or Maxwell bivector) is a mathematical object that describes the electromagnetic field in spacetime. The field tensor was first used after the four-dimensional tensor formulation of special relativity was introduced by Hermann Minkowski. The tensor allows related physical laws to be written very concisely, and allows for the quantization of the electromagnetic field by Lagrangian formulation described below. Definition The electromagnetic tensor, conventionally labelled ''F'', is defined as the exterior derivative of the electromagnetic four-potential, ''A'', a differential 1-form: :F \ \stackrel\ \mathrmA. Therefore, ''F'' is a differential 2-form—that is, an antisymmetric rank-2 tensor field—on Minkowski space. In component form, :F_ = \partial_\mu A_\nu - \partial_\nu A_\mu. where \partial is the four-gradient and A is the four ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
