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List Of Writers Influenced By Aristotle
Many philosophers and other writers have been significantly influenced by Aristotle. Middle Ages * Al-Jahiz * John of Damascus * Maimonides * Roger Bacon * Dante Alighieri Greek commentators Islamic commentators Latin commentators Modern * Francis Bacon * Franco Burgersdijk * Edmund Burke * Nicolaus Copernicus * René Descartes * G.W.F. Hegel * Thomas Hobbes * John Locke * Isaac Newton * Immanuel Kant * Arthur Schopenhauer * Karl Marx * Jean-Jacques Rousseau * Baruch Spinoza * Montesquieu * Adam Smith * Denis Diderot Latin commentators Twentieth century * Mortimer Adler * Hannah Arendt * Giannina Braschi * Philippa Foot * Hans-Georg Gadamer * Martin Heidegger * Edmund Husserl * Muhammad Iqbal * James Joyce * Alasdair MacIntyre * Jacques Maritain * Martha Nussbaum * Ayn Rand * Murray Rothbard * Michael Sandel * Leo Strauss * Olavo de Carvalho See also * Aristotelianism * Peripatetic school * Commentaries on Aristotle * Scholasticism Scholasticism was a medi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristotle
Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy within the Lyceum and the wider Aristotelian tradition. His writings cover many subjects including physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, aesthetics, poetry, theatre, music, rhetoric, psychology, linguistics, economics, politics, meteorology, geology, and government. Aristotle provided a complex synthesis of the various philosophies existing prior to him. It was above all from his teachings that the West inherited its intellectual lexicon, as well as problems and methods of inquiry. As a result, his philosophy has exerted a unique influence on almost every form of knowledge in the West and it continues to be a subject of contemporary philosophical discussion. Little is known about his life. Aristotle was born in th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albertus Magnus
Albertus Magnus (c. 1200 – 15 November 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great or Albert of Cologne, was a German Dominican friar, philosopher, scientist, and bishop. Later canonised as a Catholic saint, he was known during his lifetime as ''Doctor universalis'' and ''Doctor expertus'' and, late in his life, the sobriquet ''Magnus'' was appended to his name. Scholars such as James A. Weisheipl and Joachim R. Söder have referred to him as the greatest German philosopher and theologian of the Middle Ages. The Catholic Church distinguishes him as one of the 37 Doctors of the Church. Biography It seems likely that Albert was born sometime before 1200, given well-attested evidence that he was aged over 80 on his death in 1280. Two later sources say that Albert was about 87 on his death, which has led 1193 to be commonly given as the date of Albert's birth, but this information does not have enough evidence to be confirmed. Albert was probably born in Lauingen (now in Bav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walter Burley
Walter Burley (or Burleigh; 1275 – 1344/45) was an English scholastic philosopher and logician with at least 50 works attributed to him. He studied under Thomas WiltonHarjeet Singh Gill, ''Signification in language and culture'', Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2002, p. 109. and received his Master of Arts degree in 1301, and was a fellow of Merton College, Oxford until about 1310. He then spent sixteen years in Paris, becoming a fellow of the Sorbonne by 1324, before spending 17 years as a clerical courtier in England and Avignon. Burley disagreed with William of Ockham on a number of points concerning logic and natural philosophy. He was known as the ''Doctor Planus and Perspicuus''. Early life Burley was born in 1274 or 1275, possibly in Burley-in-Wharfedale, Yorkshire, or in Burley near Leeds. Little is known of his early life. He was made rector of Welbury in Yorkshire in 1309, probably through the influence of Sir John de Lisle, a friend of William Greenfield. As ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guido Terrena
Guido Terrena (c.1270 in Perpignan – 1342), also known as Guido Terreni and Guy de Perpignan, was a Catalan Carmelite canon lawyer and scholastic philosopher. Life He was a student of Godfrey of Fontaines, and teacher of John Baconthorpe. He became Prior General of the Order of Carmelites, Prior-General of the Carmelites in 1318, Roman Catholic Diocese of Majorca, bishop of Mallorca, and bishop of Elna. As bishop of Elna he opposed Adhémar IV de Mosset. A strong proponent of Aristotle, he taught at Avignon. Works He was an early infallibilist; the concept of papal infallibility is thought to occur first in a work he wrote concerning the conflict of Pope John XXII (1316–34) and the Franciscan Spirituals. It is said that he adapted this doctrine to papal needs, rather than originating it, and before 1328. He was a leading member of a small group of infallibilists at the court of Pope John XXII. His position on papal infallibility "so closely anticipated the doctrine of Vati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duns Scotus
John Duns Scotus ( – 8 November 1308), commonly called Duns Scotus ( ; ; "Duns the Scot"), was a Scottish Catholic priest and Franciscan friar, university professor, philosopher, and theologian. He is one of the four most important Christian philosopher-theologians of Western Europe in the High Middle Ages, together with Thomas Aquinas, Bonaventure, and William of Ockham. Scotus has had considerable influence on both Catholic and secular thought. The doctrines for which he is best known are the "univocity of being", that existence is the most abstract concept we have, applicable to everything that exists; the formal distinction, a way of distinguishing between different aspects of the same thing; and the idea of haecceity, the property supposed to be in each individual thing that makes it an individual. Scotus also developed a complex argument for the existence of God, and argued for the Immaculate Conception of Mary. Duns Scotus was given the scholastic accolade ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Of Auvergne
Peter of Auvergne (died 1304) was a French philosopher and theologian. Life He was a canon of Paris; some biographers have thought that he was Bishop of Clermont, because a Bull of Boniface VIII of the year 1296 names as canon of Paris a certain Peter of Croc (Cros), already canon of Clermont; but it is more likely that they are distinct. Peter of Auvergne was in Paris in 1301,Script. Prædicat., I, 489 and, according to several accounts, was a pupil of Thomas Aquinas. In 1279, while the various nations of the University of Paris were quarrelling about the rectorship, Simon de Brion, papal legate, appointed Peter of Auvergne to that office; in 1296 he was elected to it. Works His published works are: *"Supplementum Commentarii S. Thomæ in tertium et quartum librum de cælo et mundo" (in "Opera S. Thomæ", II, ad finem) *commentaries on Aristotle's ''Meteororum'', ''De juventute et senectute'', ''De longitudine et brevitate vitae'', ''De motu animalium''. He has been credited wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gerardus Odonis
Geraldus Odonis, Guiral Ot in Occitan, (1285, Camboulit, department of Lot – 1349, Catania, Sicily) was a French theologian and Minister General of the Franciscan Order. Life His name appears in medieval manuscripts as Geraldus slightly more frequently than Gerardus. This form is also closer to the vernacular form Guiral Ot found in a poem by the Toulouse troubadour Raimon de Cornet. He was certainly born in Camboulit, into a family to which also belonged Bertrand de la Tour, another important Franciscan closely connected to John XXII, and made cardinal in 1320. Geraldus joined the Franciscan order at Figeac. He is first seen active as a teacher at the Toulouse studium in 1316, and probably remained there up until he was sent as a baccalaureus in Paris, in 1326, incepting as a Master in theology some time before 10 June 1329, when he was elected minister general of the order at the general chapter held in Paris. The presiding officer of this chapter was Cardinal Bertrand d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of Ockham
William of Ockham, OFM (; also Occam, from la, Gulielmus Occamus; 1287 – 10 April 1347) was an English Franciscan friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and Catholic theologian, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey. He is considered to be one of the major figures of medieval thought and was at the centre of the major intellectual and political controversies of the 14th century. He is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, and also produced significant works on logic, physics and theology. William is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 10 April. Life William of Ockham was born in Ockham, Surrey in 1287. He received his elementary education in the London House of the Greyfriars. It is believed that he then studied theology at the University of OxfordSpade, Paul Vincent (ed.). ''The Cambridge Companion to Ockham''. Cambridge University Press, 1999, p. 20.He has long be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lambertus De Monte
Lambertus de Monte, also Lambertus de Monte Domini or Lambert of Cologne ( nl, Lambertus van 's-Heerenbergh; c. 1430/5–1499), was a medieval scholastic and Thomist. Originally from 's-Heerenberg (Monte Domini), he went to the University of Cologne in 1450, where he was taught by his uncle Gerhardus de Monte, and received his Master of Arts in 1454, holding an arts professorship there from 1455 until 1473, when he became a doctor of theology. He then taught in the faculty of theology until his death. He wrote several Thomist commentaries on Aristotle, including the ''Physics'', ''De anima'', and the '' logica nova'', most of which were printed in Cologne during his lifetime or shortly thereafter. He was a defender of the Thomistic interpretation of Aristotle against that of Albert the Great and his followers. He was a member of the Schola Coloniensis of Thomists. Notably, he argued for Aristotle's salvation against the scholarly consensus that Aristotle was in Hell. He al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Hennon
John (Johannes) Hennon (died after 1484) was a Dutch medieval philosopher in the late Scholastic tradition. He was from Nijmegen, and studied at the University of Paris, where he received his ''magister artium'' and '' baccalaureus formatus in sacra pagina'' (1463). As a student of Paris, Hennon was heavily influenced by William of Ockham and Roger Bacon. He wrote a Latin commentary on the ''Physics'' of Aristotle, the ''Commentarii in Aristotelis libros Physicorum'', which was completed on 1 October 1473 if a seventeenth-century source is to be believed. Examining the state of science in the late Middle Ages, physicist, historian, and philosopher Pierre Duhem, in ''Le système du monde'', isolates Hennon's account of the vacuum and a plurality of worlds. Hennon believed that nature abhors a vacuum and therefore no natural void was possible, though God could create one. A void, however, is not defined by a positive distance between surfaces in which there is nothing, but rathe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Giles Of Rome
Giles of Rome O.S.A. (Latin: ''Aegidius Romanus''; Italian: ''Egidio Colonna''; c. 1243 – 22 December 1316), was a Medieval philosopher and Scholastic theologian and a friar of the Order of St Augustine, who was also appointed to the positions of Prior General of his Order and as Archbishop of Bourges. He is famed as being a logician, producing a commentary on the ''Organon'' by Aristotle, and for his authorship of two important works, ''De Ecclesiastica Potestate'', a major text of early 14th century Papalism, and ''De regimine principum'', a guide book for Christian temporal leadership. Giles was styled ''Doctor Fundatissimus'' ("Best-Grounded Teacher") by Pope Benedict XIV. Writers in 14th and 15th century England such as John Trevisa and Thomas Hoccleve translated or adapted him into English. Early life Very little is known about his early life, although the Augustinian friar Jordan of Quedlinburg claimed in his ''Liber Vitasfratrum'' that Giles belonged to the noble ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gilbert De La Porrée
Gilbert de la Porrée (after 1085 – 4 September 1154), also known as Gilbert of Poitiers, Gilbertus Porretanus or Pictaviensis, was a scholastic logician and theologian and Bishop of Poitiers. Life He was born in Poitiers, and completed his first studies there. He was then educated under Bernard of Chartres at Chartres, where he was schooled in the differences between the teachings of Aristotle and Plato, and later under Anselm of Laon and Ralph of Laon at Laon, where he studied the Scriptures. After his education, he returned to Poitiers, where it is believed he taught. Subsequently he then returned to Chartres to teach logic and theology and succeeded Bernard of Chartres as Chancellor from 1126 to 1140. He is also known to have lectured in Paris. From a passage from the text, ''Dialogue with Ratius and Everard'', by the Cistercian Everard, it would appear that Gilbert was more popular in Paris than in Chartres. Everard writes that he was the fourth to attend Gilbert's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
