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List Of Virus Families And Subfamilies
:''This is a list of biological virus families and subfamilies. See also Comparison of computer viruses'' This is an alphabetical list of biological virus families and subfamilies; it includes those families and subfamilies listed by the ICTV 2020 report. *For a list of individual species, see List of virus species. *For a list of virus genera, see List of virus genera. * For a list of virus realms, subrealms, kingdoms, subkingdoms, phyla, subphyla, classes, subclasses, orders, and suborders, see List of higher virus taxa. Families A * '' Abyssoviridae'' * ''Ackermannviridae'' * ''Adenoviridae'' * '' Adintoviridae'' * '' Aliusviridae'' * '' Alloherpesviridae'' * ''Alphaflexiviridae'' * '' Alphasatellitidae'' * ''Alphatetraviridae'' * ''Alvernaviridae'' * ''Amalgaviridae'' * '' Amnoonviridae'' * ''Ampullaviridae'' * ''Anelloviridae'' * '' Arenaviridae'' * ''Arteriviridae'' * ''Artoviridae'' * '' Ascoviridae'' * '' Asfarviridae'' * ''Aspiviridae'' * '' Astroviridae'' * ''Atkins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comparison Of Computer Viruses
The compilation of a unified list of computer viruses is made difficult because of naming. To aid the fight against computer viruses and other types of malicious software, many security advisory organizations and developers of anti-virus software compile and publish lists of viruses. When a new virus appears, the rush begins to identify and understand it as well as develop appropriate counter-measures to stop its propagation. Along the way, a name is attached to the virus. As the developers of anti-virus software compete partly based on how quickly they react to the new threat, they usually study and name the viruses independently. By the time the virus is identified, many names denote the same virus. Another source of ambiguity in names is that sometimes a virus initially identified as a completely new virus is found to be a variation of an earlier known virus, in which cases, it is often renamed. For example, the second variation of the Sobig worm was initially called "Palyh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amnoonviridae
''Tilapia tilapinevirus'', or Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a negative-strand RNA virus that infects both wild and aquacultured populations of tilapia. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Tilapinevirus'', which in turn is the only genus in the family ''Amnoonviridae''. Thus far it has been recorded in various regions across Asia, Africa, and South America. The virus was first discovered and identified in 2014 when the Sea of Galilee (Kinneret Lake) in Israel experienced a major noticeable decline in tilapia catch quantities. Classification Tilapia lake virus is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. It belongs to Group V of the Baltimore Classification System of viruses. Structure Electron microscopy has revealed tilapia lake virus to be an enveloped icosahedral particle that is 55–100 nm in diameter. Further information of the viral structure is not yet available, however, as TiLV is described to be an orthomyxo-like virus it may share similar st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacilladnaviridae
''Bacilladnaviridae'' is a family of single-stranded DNA viruses that primarily infect diatoms. Characteristics The genome of these viruses appears to be unique. It consists of a single molecule of covalently closed circular single stranded DNA of 4.5–6 kilobases as well as a segment of linear ssDNA of ~1 kilobase. The linear segment is complementary to a portion of the closed circle creating a partially double stranded region. There are at least three major open reading frames in the genome. Similar to other eukaryotic ssDNA viruses, bacilladnaviruses are likely to replicate their genomes by the rolling-circle mechanism, initiated by the virus-encoded endonuclease (Rep). However, the latter protein of bacilladnaviruses displays unique conserved motifs and in phylogenetic trees forms a monophyletic clade separated from other groups of ssDNA viruses. The capsid protein of bacilladnaviruses has the jelly-roll fold The jelly roll or Swiss roll fold is a protein fold or superseco ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avsunviroidae
The ''Avsunviroidae'' are a family of viroids. There are four species in three genera (''Avsunviroid'', ''Elaviroid'' and ''Pelamoviroid''). They consist of RNA genomes between 246 and 375 nucleotides in length. They are single-stranded covalent circles and have intramolecular base pairing. All members lack a central conserved region. Replication Replication occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. Key features of replication include no helper virus required and no proteins are encoded for. Unlike the other family of viroids, ''Pospiviroidae'', ''Avsunviroidae'' are thought to replicate via a symmetrical rolling mechanism. It is thought the positive RNA strand acts as a template to form negative strands with the help of an enzyme thought to be RNA polymerase plus 3 II. The negative RNA strands are then cleaved by ribozyme activity and circularises. A second rolling circle mechanism forms a positive strand which is also cleaved by ribozyme activity and then ligated to become ci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Autographiviridae
''Autographiviridae'' is a family of viruses in the order ''Caudovirales''. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are 373 species in this family, assigned to 9 subfamilies and 133 genera. History Since the 1990s, the term "T7 supergroup" has been coined for the expanding group of bacteriophages related to coliphage T7, as members of the family ''Podoviridae''. Enterobacteriaceae phages SP6 and K1-5 were the first to be considered as an estranged subgroup of the "T7 supergroup". ''Pseudomonas'' phage phiKMV also shared commonalities at the genome organizational level. As such, based on the available morphological and proteomic data, this clade of viruses was established as a subfamily of the family ''Podoviridae''. The subfamily was later raised to the level of family in 2019. Etymology The name of this family, termed ''Autographiviridae'', refers to the “auto-graphein” or “self-transcribing” phages which encode their own (single subunit) RNA polymerase, a common charact ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atkinsviridae
''Atkinsviridae'' is a family of RNA viruses, which infect prokaryote A prokaryote () is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. The word ''prokaryote'' comes from the Greek πρό (, 'before') and κάρυον (, 'nut' or 'kernel').Campbell, N. "Biology:Concepts & Connec ...s. Taxonomy ''Atkinsviridae'' contains 56 genera: * '' Andhevirus'' * '' Apihcavirus'' * '' Arihsbuvirus'' * '' Bahdevuvirus'' * '' Bilifuvirus'' * '' Blinduvirus'' * '' Cahtebovirus'' * '' Chinihovirus'' * '' Chounavirus'' * '' Cihsnivirus'' * '' Diydovirus'' * '' Dugnivirus'' * '' Firunevirus'' * '' Gohshovirus'' * '' Hehspivirus'' * '' Helacdivirus'' * '' Hirvovirus'' * '' Huhmpluvirus'' * '' Huleruivirus'' * '' Hysdruvirus'' * '' Ichonovirus'' * '' Ipivevirus'' * '' Isoihlovirus'' * '' Kempsvovirus'' * '' Kihrivirus'' * '' Kimihcavirus'' * '' Kudohovirus'' * '' Kuhfotivirus'' * '' Lahcomavirus'' * '' Lehptevirus'' * '' Lobdovirus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Astroviridae
''Astroviridae'' is a family of non-enveloped ssRNA viruses that cause infections in different animals. The family name is derived from the Greek word ''astron'' ("star") referring to the star-like appearance of spikes projecting from the surface of these small unenveloped viruses. Astroviruses were initially identified in humans but have since been isolated from other mammals and birds. This family of viruses consists of two genera, Avastrovirus (AAstV) and Mamastrovirus (MAstV). Astroviruses most frequently cause infection of the gastrointestinal tract but in some animals they may result in encephalitis (humans and cattle), hepatitis (avian) and nephritis (avian). Astroviruses were first identified in humans in 1975 from the stool of children with diarrhea. Human infections are usually self-limiting but may also spread systematically and infect immunocompromised individuals. Taxonomy The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) established ''Astroviridae'' as a v ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspiviridae
''Aspiviridae'', formerly ''Ophioviridae'', is a family of segmented negative-strand RNA viruses which infect plants. Member viruses are characterized by an elongated and highly filamentous and flexible nucleocapsid with helical symmetry. It is a monotypic taxon containing only one genus, ''Ophiovirus''. ''Aspiviridae'' is also the only family in the order ''Serpentovirales'', which in turn is the only order in the class ''Milneviricetes''. History The name ''Aspiviridae'' derives from the Latin (snake or viper), referring to the shape, along with the suffix for a virus family ''-viridae''. ''Ophiovirus'' derives from the Ancient Greek ''ophi''s, “snake”, with –''virus'' the suffix for a virus genus. Likewise, ''Serpentovirales'' is from "serpent" with ''-virales'' the suffix for a virus order. ''Milneviricetes'' is in honor of Robert G. Milne, the last author on the first paper describing ophioviruses. Virology Structure The protein capsid is non-enveloped and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ascoviridae
''Ascoviridae'' is a family of double strand DNA viruses that infect primarily invertebrates, mainly noctuids and spodoptera species; it contains two genera, ''Ascovirus'', which contains three species, and ''Toursvirus'' with a single species ''Diadromus pulchellus toursvirus''. Taxonomy The family contains the following genera and species: * '' Ascovirus'' ** '' Heliothis virescens ascovirus 3a'' ** '' Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a'' ** '' Trichoplusia ni ascovirus 2a'' * '' Toursvirus'' ** ''Diadromus pulchellus toursvirus'' Genome The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular double-stranded DNA. The genome has a guanine + cytosine content of 42-60%. The genome of Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a has been sequenced. It is 156,922 bases in length and encodes 123 putative open reading frames. The G+C ratio is 49.2%. Among the encoded proteins are a caspase, a cathepsin B, several kinases, E3 ubiquitin ligases, a fatty acid elongase, a sphin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artoviridae
''Artoviridae'' is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Mononegavirales''. Barnacles, copepods, odonates, parasitoid wasps, pile worms, and woodlice serve as natural hosts. The group name derives from ''art''hr''o''pod the phylum of its hosts. Members of the family were initially discovered by high throughput sequencing. Structure Virions are enveloped, spherical particles, 100 to 130 nm in diameter, and the virus genome comprises about 12 kb of negative-sense, unsegmented RNA Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) are nucleic acids. Along with lipids, proteins, and carbohydra .... Taxonomy The following genera and species are recognized: *Genus: '' Hexartovirus'' **'' Barnacle hexartovirus'' **'' Caligid hexartovirus'' *Genus: '' Peropuvirus'' **'' Beihai peropuvirus'' **'' Hubei peropuvirus'' **' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arteriviridae
''Arteriviridae'' is a family of enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses in the order ''Nidovirales'' which infect vertebrates. Host organisms include equids, pigs, Possums, nonhuman primates, and rodents. The family includes, for example, equine arteritis virus in horses which causes mild-to-severe respiratory disease and reproductive failure, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 and type 2 in pigs which causes a similar disease, simian hemorrhagic fever virus which causes a highly lethal fever, lactate dehydrogenase–elevating virus which affects mice, and wobbly possum disease virus. Structure Member viruses are enveloped, spherical, and 45–60 nm in diameter. Genome Arteriviruses have a positive-sense In molecular biology and genetics, the sense of a nucleic acid molecule, particularly of a strand of DNA or RNA, refers to the nature of the roles of the strand and its complement in specifying a sequence of amino acids. Depending on the con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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