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List Of Monarchs Of Sindh
This is a list of known rulers of Sindh, in present-day Sindh, Pakistan. This list starts from the establishment of the Rai dynasty around 489 AD until the conquest of the Sindh from Talpur dynasty by East India Company in 1843 AD. Sultan ( ar, سلطان ''Sulṭān'') is a title used by Muslim Sindhi dynasties in Sindh, modern day Pakistan. Rai dynasty (480 – 632 AD) Known rulers of the Rai dynasty are: Brahmin dynasty (632 – 712 AD) The known rulers of the Brahmin dynasty are: * Chach () * Chandar () * Dāhir ( from Alor) Under the Umayyad Caliphate: * Dahirsiya ( from Brahmanabad) * Hullishāh () * Shishah () Vilayet As-Sindh (caliphate) In 712, Sind was conquered by the Umayyad Caliphate. The emirs appointed by the caliphate are as below; Habbari dynasty (855 – 1010 AD) The Habbari rulers stylised themselves as Emirs. ''Note: the dates below are only approximate.'' * Umar ibn'Abd al-Aziz al'Habbari (855–884) * Abdullah ibn Umar (884–913) * Umar ibn-Abdu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sindh
Sindh (; ; ur, , ; historically romanized as Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. Located in the southeastern region of the country, Sindh is the third-largest province of Pakistan by land area and the second-largest province by population after Punjab. It shares land borders with the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan to the west and north-west and Punjab to the north. It shares International border with the Indian states of Gujarat and Rajasthan to the east; it is also bounded by the Arabian Sea to the south. Sindh's landscape consists mostly of alluvial plains flanking the Indus River, the Thar Desert in the eastern portion of the province along the international border with India, and the Kirthar Mountains in the western portion of the province. The economy of Sindh is the second-largest in Pakistan after the province of Punjab; its provincial capital of Karachi is the most populous city in the country as well as its main financial hub. Sindh is home ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhammad Bin Qasim
Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Thaqāfī ( ar, محمد بن القاسم الثقفي; –) was an Arab military commander in service of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh (part of modern Pakistan), inaugurating the Umayyad campaigns in India. His military exploits led to the establishment of the Islamic province of Sindh, and the takeover of the region from the Sindhi Brahman dynasty and its ruler, Raja Dahir, who was subsequently decapitated with his head sent to al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf in Basra. With the capture of the then-capital of Aror by Arab forces, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim became the first Muslim to have successfully captured land, which marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India. Muhammad ibn al-Qasim belonged to the Banu Thaqif, an Arab tribe that is concentrated around the city of Taif in western Arabia. After the Muslim conquest of Persia, he was assigned as the governor of Fars, likely succeeding his uncle Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Thaqafi. From ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Hakam Ibn Awana
Al-Hakam ibn Awana () was the Umayyad governor of Sindh in 731–740.Wink, André. ''Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries.'' 3rd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. He was appointed by Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik after the death of the governor Tamim ibn Zaid al-Utbi Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi () was the caliphal governor of Sind in 726–731. He succeeded al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri. Wink, André. ''Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, ..., Al-Hakam restored order to Sindh and Kush and built secure fortifications at al-Mahfuzah and al-Mansur, and proceeded to retake lands previously conquered by al-Junayd. Arab sources do not mention details of the campaigns, but Indian sources recorded some victories over the Arab forces. al-Hakam led numerous campaigns against neighboring Indian kingdoms, but failed to reconquer th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Khalid Ibn Abdallah Al-Qasri
Khālid ibn ʿAbdallāh al-Qasrī (; died 743) was an Arab who served the Umayyad Caliphate as governor of Mecca in the 8th century and of Iraq from 724 until 738. The latter post, entailing as it did control over the entire eastern Caliphate, made him one of the most important officials during the crucial reign of Caliph Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik. He is most notable for his support of the Yaman tribes in the conflict with the Qays who dominated the administration of Iraq and the East under his predecessor and successor. Following his dismissal, he was twice imprisoned and in 734 tortured to death by his successor, Yusuf ibn Umar al-Thaqafi. Origin and early life Khalid was born in Damascus. He was a member of the Tihamite Qasr clan, a subtribe of the Bajila, of which his great-grandfather Asad ibn Kurz al-Qasri is said by some traditions to have been the chief in the times of Muhammad, and is accounted as one of the Prophet's Companions. Other traditions, however, hostile to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tamim Ibn Zaid Al-Utbi
Tamim ibn Zayd al-Utbi () was the caliphal governor of Sind in 726–731. He succeeded al-Junayd ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Murri. Wink, André. ''Al-Hind, the Making of the Indo-Islamic World, Volume 1: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries.'' 3rd ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996. In 726, the Umayyads replaced al-Junayd with Tamim as the governor of Sind. During the next few years, all of the gains made by Junayd were lost. The Arab records do not explain why, except to state that the Caliphate's troops, drawn from distant lands, abandoned their posts in India and refused to go back. The historian Khalid Yahya Blankinship Khalid Yahya Blankinship (born 1949 in Seattle, Washington) is an American historian who specialises in Islamic and Middle Eastern studies. Biography He graduated ( BA) in History from the University of Washington in 1973 and in the same year, whi ... mentions the possibility that the Indians revolted, but deemed it more likely that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Junayd Ibn Abd Al-Rahman Al-Murri
In the first half of the 8th century CE, a series of battles took place between the Umayyad Caliphate and kingdoms to the east of the Indus river, in the Indian subcontinent. Subsequent to the Arab conquest of Sindh in present-day Pakistan in 712 CE, Arab armies engaged kingdoms further east of the Indus. Between 724 and 810 CE, a series of battles took place between the Arabs and Nagabhata I of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, Vikramaditya II of the Chalukya dynasty, and other small Middle kingdoms of India, Indian kingdoms. In the north, Nagabhata of the Pratihara Dynasty defeated a major Arab expedition in Malwa. From the South, Vikramaditya II sent his general Chalukyas of Navasarika#Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin, Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin, who defeated the Arabs in Gujarat. Later in 776 CE, a naval expedition by the Arabs was defeated by the Saindhava naval fleet under Agguka I. The Arab defeats led to an end of their eastward expansion, and later manifested in the overthrow o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Umar Ibn Hubayra Al-Fazari
Umar ibn Hubayra al-Fazari ( ar, عمر بن هبيرة الفزاري, ʿUmar ibn Hubayra al-Fazārī; ) was a prominent Umayyad general and governor of Iraq, who played an important role in the Qays–Yaman conflict of this period. Origin and early career A Qaysi from the Jazira, Umar claimed to belong to the traditional Arab nobility by virtue of his maternal grandfather, who was supposedly chief of the Banu Uday branch of the Fazara tribe. However, the family is unknown from the sources until the emergence of Umar himself in 696, when he served in Iraq under Sufyan ibn al-Abrad al-Kalbi. Umar participated in the campaigns against the Byzantine Empire in the 710s, and under the command of Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik, commanded the Muslim fleet in 715/716, during the initial stages of the unsuccessful campaign to capture the Byzantine capital, Constantinople. In the next year, Maslama sent him as envoy to the Byzantine emperor, Leo III the Isaurian. Governorship of the Jazir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ubaydallah Ibn Ali Al-Sulami
Ubayd Allah ( ar, عبيد الله), also spelled or transliterated Obaidullah, Obaydullah, Obeidallah, or Ubaydullah, is a male Arabic given name that means "little servant of God". Given name Obaidullah * Obaidullah (detainee), an Afghan detainee held in Guantanamo * Obaidullah (Bangladeshi cricketer), Bangladeshi cricketer * Obaidullah (Pakistani cricketer), Pakistani cricketer * Obaidullah (Kandahar politician), elected to Afghanistan's Wolesi Jirga in 2005 * Obaidullah Akhund, Afghan defence minister * Obaidullah Aleem, Pakistani poet * Obaidullah Baig, Pakistani writer * Obaidullah Hamzah (born 1972), Bangladeshi Islamic scholar * Obaidullah Karimi, Afghan footballer * Azmi Maulana Obaidullah Khan, Indian National Congress politician * Obaidullah Rameen, Afghan politician Ubaydallah * Ubayd-Allah ibn Abd-Allah, hadith narrator * Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi Billah, founder of the Fatimid dynasty * Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh, brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh * Ubayd Allah Abu Marwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adi Ibn Artah Al-Fazari
Adi ibn Artah al-Fazari ( ar, عدي بن أرطاة الفزاري) (died 720) was a governor of Basra for the Umayyad dynasty, serving during the caliphate of 'Umar ibn 'Abd al-'Aziz. He was killed during the revolt of Yazid ibn al-Muhallab. Career under Umar II Adi was appointed to the governorship of Basra by the caliph Umar II, shortly after the latter's ascension in 717. After receiving his appointment, he established himself in Basra; he also ordered the arrest of his predecessor Yazid ibn al-Muhallab, who Umar had dismissed from the governorship of Iraq. Once Yazid was captured, Adi shipped him to the caliph's residence in Syria, where he was cast into prison. Adi served as governor of Basra for the duration of Umar's caliphate.Khalifah ibn Khayyat, p. 322 Unlike Yazid, who had been governor of all of Iraq and the eastern provinces, Adi did not have authority over Kufa and Khurasan, which were placed under separate governors. His area of responsibility, however, was s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salih Ibn Abd Al-Rahman
Abū al-Walīd Ṣāliḥ ibn ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Sijistānī () (died 721–724) was a leading bureaucrat in the central '' dīwān'' (tax bureau) of Iraq under the Umayyad governor al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (694–714) and then fiscal governor of the province under Caliph Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik (). In 697, upon al-Hajjaj's order, he carried out the conversion of the Persian-language Iraqi ''dīwān'' into Arabic. Origins The year of Salih's birth is not known. He was one of at least two sons of a '' mawlā'' (Muslim convert or freedman) originally from Sijistan called Abd al-Rahman. The latter had been taken captive in 650/51 by the troops of Rabi ibn Ziyad al-Harithi, an Arab commander dispatched to Sijistan by the governor of Basra, Abd Allah ibn Amir, who at the time was leading an expedition in Khurasan. Together with his wife, Abd al-Rahman, whose original name is not known, was captured in the village of Nashrudh during one of Rabi's raids in the vicinity of Zaranj. They w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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