|
List Of Epicurean Philosophers
This is a list of Epicurean philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. ''See also :Epicurean philosophers''. See also * List of ancient Greek philosophers *List of ancient Platonists *List of Cynic philosophers *List of Stoic philosophers This is a list of Stoic philosophers, ordered (roughly) by date. The criteria for inclusion in this list are fairly mild. ''See also :Stoic philosophers''. Timeline DateFormat = yyyy ImageSize = width:1000 height:250 PlotArea = left:15 righ ... {{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Epicurean Philosophers Epicurean philosophers Epicurean philosophers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epicurean
Epicureanism is a system of philosophy founded around 307 BC based upon the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Epicurus. Epicureanism was originally a challenge to Platonism. Later its main opponent became Stoicism. Few writings by Epicurus have survived. However, there are independent attestations of his ideas from his later disciples. Some scholars consider the epic poem ''De rerum natura'' (Latin for ''On the Nature of Things'') by Lucretius to present in one unified work the core arguments and theories of Epicureanism. Many of the scrolls unearthed at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum are Epicurean texts. At least some are thought to have belonged to the Epicurean philosopher Philodemus. Epicurus also had a wealthy 2nd-century AD disciple, Diogenes of Oenoanda, who had a portico wall inscribed with tenets of the philosophy erected in Oenoanda, Lycia (present day Turkey). Epicurus was an atomic materialist, following in the steps of Democritus. His materialis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diogenes Of Tarsus
Diogenes of Tarsus ( grc-gre, Διογένης ὁ Ταρσεύς; fl. 2nd century BC) was an Epicurean philosopher, who is described by Strabo as a person clever in composing improvised tragedies. He was the author of several works, which, however, are lost. Among them are: *''Select lectures'' ( el, Ἐπίλεκτοι σχολαί), which was probably a collection of essays and dissertations. *''Epitome of Epicurus’ ethical doctrines'' ( el, ἐπιτομὴ τῶν Ἐρικούρου ἠθικῶν ζητημάτων), of which Diogenes Laërtius Diogenes Laërtius ( ; grc-gre, Διογένης Λαέρτιος, ; ) was a biographer of the Greek philosophers. Nothing is definitively known about his life, but his surviving ''Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers'' is a principal sourc ... quotes the 12th book. *''On poetical problems'' ( el, Περὶ ποιητικῶν ζητμάτων), poetical problems which he endeavoured to solve, and which seem to have had s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
De Rerum Natura
''De rerum natura'' (; ''On the Nature of Things'') is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius ( – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. Greenblatt (2011). Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and terrestrial phenomena. The universe described in the poem operates according to these physical principles, guided by ''fortuna'' ("chance"), and not the divine intervention of the traditional Roman deities. Background To the Greek philosopher Epicurus, the unhappiness and degradation of humans arose largely from the dread which they entertained of the power of the deit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucretius
Titus Lucretius Carus ( , ; – ) was a Roman poet and philosopher. His only known work is the philosophical poem ''De rerum natura'', a didactic work about the tenets and philosophy of Epicureanism, and which usually is translated into English as ''On the Nature of Things''—and somewhat less often as ''On the Nature of the Universe''. Lucretius has been credited with originating the concept of the three-age system that was formalised in 1836 by C. J. Thomsen. Very little is known about Lucretius's life; the only certainty is that he was either a friend or client of Gaius Memmius, to whom the poem was addressed and dedicated. ''De rerum natura'' was a considerable influence on the Augustan poets, particularly Virgil (in his ''Aeneid'' and ''Georgics'', and to a lesser extent on the ''Eclogues'') and Horace. The work was almost lost during the Middle Ages, but was rediscovered in 1417 in a monastery in Germany by Poggio Bracciolini and it played an important role both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villa Of The Papyri
The Villa of the Papyri ( it, Villa dei Papiri, also known as ''Villa dei Pisoni'' and in early excavation records as the ''Villa Suburbana'') was an ancient Roman villa in Herculaneum, in what is now Ercolano, southern Italy. It is named after its unique library of ''papyri'' (or scrolls), discovered in 1750. The Villa was considered to be one of the most luxurious houses in all of Herculaneum and in the Roman world. Maiuri, Amedeo. ''Herculaneum and the Villa of the Papyri.'' Italy (1974): 35-39. Its luxury is shown by its exquisite architecture and by the very large number of outstanding works of art discovered, including frescoes, bronzes and marble sculpture which constitute the largest collection of Greek and Roman sculptures ever discovered in a single context. It was situated on the ancient coastline below the volcano Vesuvius with nothing to obstruct the view of the sea. It was perhaps owned by Julius Caesar's father-in-law, Lucius Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.Hornblowe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philodemus
Philodemus of Gadara ( grc-gre, Φιλόδημος ὁ Γαδαρεύς, ''Philodēmos'', "love of the people"; c. 110 – prob. c. 40 or 35 BC) was an Arabic Epicurean philosopher and poet. He studied under Zeno of Sidon in Athens, before moving to Rome, and then to Herculaneum. He was once known chiefly for his poetry preserved in the ''Greek Anthology'', but since the 18th century, many writings of his have been discovered among the charred papyrus rolls at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum. The task of excavating and deciphering these rolls is difficult, and work continues to this day. The works of Philodemus so far discovered include writings on ethics, theology, rhetoric, music, poetry, and the history of various philosophical schools. Ethel Ross Barker suggested in 1908 that he was owner of the Villa of the Papyri Library. Life Philodemus was born c. 110 BC, in Gadara, Coele-Syria (in present-day Jordan).Blank, David"Philodemus" The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philoso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaedrus The Epicurean
Phaedrus (; grc-gre, Φαῖδρος; 138 – 70/69 BC) was an Epicurean philosopher. He was the head (''scholarch'') of the Epicurean school in Athens after the death of Zeno of Sidon around 75 BC, until his own death in 70 or 69 BC. He was a contemporary of Cicero, who became acquainted with him in his youth at Rome. During his residence in Athens (80 BC) Cicero renewed his acquaintance with him. Phaedrus was at that time an old man, and was already a leading figure of the Epicurean school. He was also on terms of friendship with Velleius, whom Cicero introduces as the defender of the Epicurean tenets in the ''De Natura Deorum'', and especially with Atticus. Cicero especially praises his agreeable manners. He had a son named Lysiadas. Phaedrus was succeeded by Patro Patro ( el, Πάτρων) was an Epicurean philosopher. He lived for some time in Rome, where he became acquainted, among others, with Cicero, and with the family of Gaius Memmius. Either now, or subsequently, he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rabirius (Epicurean)
Rabirius was a 1st-century BC Epicurean associated with Amafinius and Catius as one of the early popularizers of the philosophy in Italy. Their works on Epicureanism were the earliest philosophical treatises written in Latin. Other than Lucretius, Amafinius and Rabirius are the only Roman Epicurean writers named by Cicero. In his '' Academica'', Cicero criticizes Amafinius and Rabirius from an elitist perspective for their unsophisticated prose style, and says that in their efforts to introduce philosophy to common people they end up saying nothing. He concludes indignantly: "they think there is no art of speechmaking or composition." Although Cicero in his writings is mostly hostile toward Epicureanism, his dear friend Atticus was an Epicurean, and this remark, occurring within a dialogue, is attributed to the interlocutor Varro Marcus Terentius Varro (; 116–27 BC) was a Roman polymath and a prolific author. He is regarded as ancient Rome's greatest scholar, and was describe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titus Albucius
Titus Albucius (praetor c. 105 BC) was a noted orator of the late Roman Republic. He finished his studies at Athens at the latter end of the 2nd century BC, and belonged to the Epicurean sect. He was well acquainted with Greek literature, or rather, says Cicero, was almost a Greek.Cicero, ''Brut.'' 35. On account of his affecting on every occasion the Greek language and philosophy, he was satirized by Lucilius, whose lines upon him are preserved by Cicero, and Cicero himself speaks of him as a light-minded man. He accused, though unsuccessfully, Mucius Scaevola, the augur, of maladministration (''repetundae'') in his province. In 105 BC, Albucius was praetor in Sardinia, and in consequence of some insignificant success which he had gained over some robbers, he celebrated a triumph in the province. On his return to Rome, he applied to the Senate for the honour of a supplicatio, but this was refused, and he was accused in 103 BC of ''repetundae'' by Gaius Julius Caesar (the elder) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amafinius
Gaius Amafinius (or Amafanius) was one of the earliest Roman writers in favour of the Epicurean philosophy. He probably lived in the late 2nd and early 1st century BC. He wrote several works, which are censured by Cicero as deficient in arrangement and style. He is mentioned by no other ancient writer but Cicero. In the '' Academica'', Cicero reveals that Amafanius translated the Greek concept of atoms as " corpuscles" (''corpusculi'') in Latin. In his ''Tusculan Disputations'', Cicero disapprovingly notes that Amafanius was one of the first philosophers writing in Latin at Rome: In his ''Academica'', Cicero criticizes Amafinius and his fellow Epicurean Rabirius for their unsophisticated prose style, and says that in their efforts to introduce philosophy to common people they end up saying nothing. He concludes indignantly: "they think there is no art of speechmaking or composition." Michel de Montaigne alludes to these passages in his ''Essais The ''Essays'' (french: Essais ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zeno Of Sidon
Zeno of Sidon ( grc-gre, Ζήνων ὁ Σιδώνιος; c. 150 – c. 75 BC) was a Greek Epicurean philosopher from the Seleucid city of Sidon. His writings have not survived, but there are some epitomes of his lectures preserved among the writings of his pupil Philodemus. Life Zeno was born in the city of Sidon. He was a contemporary of Cicero, who heard him when at Athens.Cicero, ''de Natura Deorum'', i. 59 .Cicero, ''Tusculan Disputations'', iii. 17. He was sometimes termed the "leading Epicurean." ( la, Coryphaeus Epicureorum) Cicero states that Zeno was contemptuous of other philosophers, and even called Socrates "the Attic Buffoon (''scurram Atticum'')." He was a disciple of Apollodorus, and Cicero and Diogenes Laërtius both describe him as an accurate and polished thinker. Philosophy Zeno held that happiness is not merely dependent upon present enjoyment and prosperity, but also on a reasonable expectation of their continuance and appreciation. Zeno's writings hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Demetrius Lacon
Demetrius Lacon or Demetrius of Laconia ( el, Δημήτριος; fl. late 2nd century BC) was an Epicurean philosopher, and a disciple of Protarchus. He was an older contemporary of Zeno of Sidon and a teacher of Philodemus. Sextus Empiricus quotes part of a commentary by Demetrius on Epicurus, where Demetrius interprets Epicurus' statement that "time is an accident of accidents." Papyrus scrolls containing portions of the works of Demetrius were discovered at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum Herculaneum (; Neapolitan and it, Ercolano) was an ancient town, located in the modern-day ''comune'' of Ercolano, Campania, Italy. Herculaneum was buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in AD 79. Like the n .... The major works partially preserved are: *''Quaestiones convivales'' (PHerc. 1006) *''On the Puzzles of Polyaenus'' (PHerc. 1083, 1258, 1429, 1642, 1647, 1822) *''On Geometry'' (PHerc. 1061) *''On Poems'' (PHerc. 188, 1014) *two untitled ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
