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List Of Arabic Dictionaries
Following are lists of notable Arabic dictionaries. Explanatory dictionaries }) , Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi( ar, الخليل بن أحمد الفراهيدي)(''b''. 718 - ''d''. 791) , 8th century , , align="left" , ''Kitab al-Ayn'' was the first dictionary for the Arabic language. , - , '' Kitab al-Jim''( ar, كتاب الجيم) a.k.a. ''Kitab al-Lughat'' or ''Kitab al-Huruf'' , Abu Amr al-Shaybani( ar, أبو عمرو الشيباني)(''b''. ca. 738 - ''d''. 828) , 8-9th century , , align="left" , The only copy is in the El Escorial Library. , - , '' Al-Jamhara al-Lugha''( ar, جمهرة اللغة) a.k.a. ''Al-Jamhara fi al-Lugha'' (The all-embracing in language) , Ibn Duraid( ar, ابن دريد)(''b''. 838 - ''d''. 933) , 9-10th century , , align="left" , The dictionary was inspired in part by the earlier dictionary ''Kitab al-Ayn'' of al-Farahidi. , - , '' Tahdhib al-Lugha''( ar, تهذيب اللغة) , Abu Manshur al-Azhari al-Harawi( ar, أ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arabic Language
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C. E.Watson; Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin/Boston, 2011. Having emerged in the 1st century, it is named after the Arab people; the term "Arab" was initially used to describe those living in the Arabian Peninsula, as perceived by geographers from ancient Greece. Since the 7th century, Arabic has been characterized by diglossia, with an opposition between a standard prestige language—i.e., Literary Arabic: Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Classical Arabic—and diverse vernacular varieties, which serve as mother tongues. Colloquial dialects vary significantly from MSA, impeding mutual intelligibility. MSA is only acquired through formal education and is not spoken natively. It is the language of literature, official documents, and formal wr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nishapur
Nishapur or officially Romanized as Neyshabur ( fa, ;Or also "نیشاپور" which is closer to its original and historic meaning though it is less commonly used by modern native Persian speakers. In Persian poetry, the name of this city is written and pronounced as "نِشابور" (without the usage of "پ" or "ب"). In modern times and among the general public and the Persian mass media, "نیشابور" is the most commonly used style of pronunciation and spelling of this city though "نیشاپور" is also correct. Nišâpur, Nişapur, Nīshābūr, or Neyshapur are also the other Romanizations of this city. from Middle Persian ''"New-Shapuhr"'', meaning: "The New City of Shapur", "The Fair Shapur", or "The Perfect built of Shapur") is the second-largest city of Razavi Khorasan Province in the Northeast of Iran. Nishapur is situated in a fertile plain at the foot of Binalud Mountain Range and has been the historic capital of the Western Quarter of Greater Khorasan, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butrus Al-Bustani
Butrus al-Bustani ( ar, بطرس البستاني, ; 1819–1883) was a writer and scholar from present day Lebanon. He was a major figure in the Nahda, which began in Egypt in the late 19th century and spread to the Middle East. He is considered to be the first Syrian nationalist, due to his publication of ''Nafir Suria'' which began following the 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war. In 1870, he founded '' Al-Jinan'', the first important example of the kind of literary and scientific periodicals which began to appear in the 1870s in Arabic alongside the independent political newspapers. Life Al-Bustani was born to a Lebanese Maronite Christian family in the village of Dibbiye in the Chouf region, in January 1819. He received primary education in the village school, where he attracted the attention of his teacher, Father Mikhail al-Bustani, because of his keen intelligence that he showed brilliantly. The latter recommended him to the Bishop of Sidon and Beiteddine, Abdullah ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muhit Al-Muhit
Muhit Al-Muhit is an early modern Arabic dictionary written by the Lebanese polymath Butrus al-Bustani (1819–1883), one of the leading figures of the Nahda. Bustani’s vision was to revive and modernize the Arabic language. Mindful of the importance of pedagogy, he created the dictionary to make it easier for teachers and students to attain language proficiency. The work was also strongly motivated by the writer’s Syrian nationalist ideology, leveraging language as a unifying factor for the peoples of the Levant. Bustani finished the first version of the dictionary in 1869, eleven years after he had begun. ''Muhit Al-Muhit'' is considered by modern lexicographers as a seminal step in the transition from classical to modern Arabic. Bustani introduced new lexical items in ''Muhit Al-Muhit'', expanded the meaning of others, and added brief modern examples of word uses. He also removed or reduced features typical to classical Arabic lexicography such as using Quranic T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Murtada Al-Zabidi
Murtaza or Morteza or Mortaza, a Persianate form of the Arabic Murtada or Murtadha ( ar, مرتضى, translit=Murtaḍā, lit=One Pleasing to God, label=none), is a common Muslim name. Pronunciation varies with accent, from native Arabic speakers to speakers of European and Asian languages. The name is an epithet of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Due to the rhyming nature, Murtaza is sometimes confused with Mustafa ('Chosen One'), an epithet of Muhammad. Honorific/regnal name * Ali ibn Abi Talib (601–661), son-in-law of Muhammad, fourth Rashidun Caliph, first Shi'a Imam * Al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid, descendant of Ali, rose in revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate and assumed the name ''al-Murtadha'' as his regnal title. * Al-Murtada Muhammad (died 922), second Zaydi Imam of Yemen * Abu Hafs Umar al-Murtada (d. 1266), thirteenth Almohad caliph * Sharif al-Murtaza (965–1044), Shi'a scholar * Murtada al-Zabidi (1732–1790), Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Taj Al-Arus Min Jawahir Al-Qamus
Taj may refer to: Buildings *Taj Mahal, a medieval mausoleum in the Indian city of Agra *Taj Palace, an Abbasid palace in medieval Baghdad * Taj-ul-Masajid, mosque in Bhopal * Taj building, Nowshera, Pakistan *Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, international hotel chain * The Taj Exotica Hotel & Resort, Dubai Transport *Tadji Airport, Papua New Guinea (IATA: TAJ) * Taj International Airport, proposed airport in Delhi *Taj Express, train between New Delhi and Agra Sport * Taj Ahvaz Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj Abadan Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj Tehran Football Club, Iranian football (soccer) club * Taj F.C. (Palau), Palauan football team Other *Taj (name), including a list of people with the name *Taj Mahotsav, annual festival in Agra *Taj Ultimate, annual "Ultimate" tournament in Tajima, Japan * Taj Television Ltd., Mumbai *Former name pre-1979 of Esteghlal Tehran FC, football club *'' National Lampoon's Van Wilder: The Rise of Taj'', ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fairuzabadi
Firuzabadi ( fa, فیروزآبادی) also spelled as al-Fayrūzabādī ( ar, الفيروزآبادي (1329–1414) was a lexicographer and was the compiler of ''al-Qamous'' (), a comprehensive and, for nearly five centuries, one of the most widely used Arabic dictionaries. Name He was Abū al-Ṭāhir Majīd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Shīrāzī al-Fīrūzābādī (), known simply as Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb al-Fīrūzābādī (). His nisbas "al-Shīrāzī" and "al-Fīrūzābādī" refer to the cities of Shiraz (located near Kazerun, his place of birth) and Firuzabad (his father's hometown) in Fars, Persia, respectively. Life Firuzabadi, of Persian origin, was born in Kazerun, Fars, Persia, and educated in Shiraz, Wasit, Baghdad and Damascus. He spent ten years in Jerusalem before travelling in Western Asia and Egypt, and settling in 1368, in Mecca for almost three decades. From Mecca he visited Delhi in the 1380s. He left Mecca in the m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greek Language
Greek ( el, label= Modern Greek, Ελληνικά, Elliniká, ; grc, Ἑλληνική, Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Italy ( Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. It has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning at least 3,400 years of written records. Its writing system is the Greek alphabet, which has been used for approximately 2,800 years; previously, Greek was recorded in writing systems such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary. The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin, Cyrillic, Armenian, Coptic, Gothic, and many other writing systems. The Greek language holds a very important place in the history of the Western world. Beginning with the epics of Homer, ancient Greek literature includes many works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qamus Al-Muhit
Firuzabadi ( fa, فیروزآبادی) also spelled as al-Fayrūzabādī ( ar, الفيروزآبادي (1329–1414) was a lexicographer and was the compiler of ''al-Qamous'' (), a comprehensive and, for nearly five centuries, one of the most widely used Arabic dictionaries. Name He was Abū al-Ṭāhir Majīd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb ibn Muḥammad ibn Ibrāhīm al-Shīrāzī al-Fīrūzābādī (), known simply as Muḥammad ibn Ya'qūb al-Fīrūzābādī (). His nisbas "al-Shīrāzī" and "al-Fīrūzābādī" refer to the cities of Shiraz (located near Kazerun, his place of birth) and Firuzabad (his father's hometown) in Fars, Persia, respectively. Life Firuzabadi, of Persian origin, was born in Kazerun, Fars, Persia, and educated in Shiraz, Wasit, Baghdad and Damascus. He spent ten years in Jerusalem before travelling in Western Asia and Egypt, and settling in 1368, in Mecca for almost three decades. From Mecca he visited Delhi in the 1380s. He left Mecca in the mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Manzur
Muhammad ibn Mukarram ibn Alī ibn Ahmad ibn Manzūr al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī () also known as Ibn Manẓūr () (June–July 1233 – December 1311/January 1312) was an Arab lexicographer of the Arabic language and author of a large dictionary, ''Lisan al-ʿArab'' (; ). Biography Ibn Manzur was born in 1233 in Ifriqiya (present day Tunisia). He was of North African Arab descent, from the Banu Khazraj tribe of Ansar as his ''nisba'' al-Ansārī al-Ifrīqī al-Misrī al-Khazrajī suggests. Ibn Hajar reports that he was a judge (qadi) in Tripoli, Libya and Egypt and spent his life as clerk in the Diwan al-Insha', an office that was responsible among other things for correspondence, archiving and copying. Fück assumes to be able to identify him with Muḥammad b. Mukarram, who was one of the secretaries of this institution (the so called ''Kuttāb al-Inshāʾ'') under Qalawun. Following Brockelmann, Ibn Manzur studied philology. He dedicated most of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blindness
Visual impairment, also known as vision impairment, is a medical definition primarily measured based on an individual's better eye visual acuity; in the absence of treatment such as correctable eyewear, assistive devices, and medical treatment– visual impairment may cause the individual difficulties with normal daily tasks including reading and walking. Low vision is a functional definition of visual impairment that is chronic, uncorrectable with treatment or correctable lenses, and impacts daily living. As such low vision can be used as a disability metric and varies based on an individual's experience, environmental demands, accommodations, and access to services. The American Academy of Ophthalmology defines visual impairment as the best-corrected visual acuity of less than 20/40 in the better eye, and the World Health Organization defines it as a presenting acuity of less than 6/12 in the better eye. The term blindness is used for complete or nearly complete vision loss. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ibn Sidah
Abū’l-Ḥasan ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl (), known as Ibn Sīdah (), or Ibn Sīdah'l-Mursī (), (c.1007-1066), was a linguist, philologist and lexicographer of Classical Arabic from Andalusia. He compiled the encyclopedia ' ()(Book of Customs) and the Arabic language dictionary '' Al-Muḥkam wa-al-muḥīt al-aʻẓam'' () (The Great and Comprehensive Arbiter". His contributions to the sciences of language, literature and logic were considerable. Ibn Sīdah was born in Murcia in eastern Andalusia. The historian Khalaf ibn ʻAbd al-Malik Ibn Bashkuwāl () (1183-1101) in his book ' () (Book of Relations) gives Ismāʻīl as the name of his father, in agreement with name given in the Mukhassas. However Al-Fath ibn Khaqan in ''mathmah al-anfus'' () has the name Aḥmad. Yaqut al-Hamawi in ''The Lexicon of Literature'', says Ibn Sīdah ('son of a woman') was his nickname. Remarkably both he and his father were blind. His father was a sculptor although it seems the disciplines he dev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
