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List Of Central Banks
. Central banks Central banks Central banks This is a list of central banks. Countries that are only partially recognized internationally are marked with an asterisk (*). Disappeared central banking jurisdictions * – Bank of Amsterdam (1609-1791) * – Taula de canvi de Barcelona (1401-1714) * – East African Currency Board (1919-1966) * – (''Hrvatska Državna Banka'', 1941-1945) * – National Bank of Czechoslovakia (1926–1939 and 1945-1950) and State Bank of Czechoslovakia (1950–1992) * – (1854-1875) * – Bank of Saint George (1407-1805) * – (1948-1968) and Staatsbank der DDR (1968-1990) * – Hamburger Bank (1619-1875) * – Bank of Korea (1909–1950) * – Central Bank of Manchou (1932-1945) * - Bank of Issue in Poland (1940-1945) * – (1765-1846) and (1847-1875) * – (1849-1861), itself formed through the merger of (1846-1849) and Banca di Torino (1847-1849) * – National Bank of Vietnam (1954-1975) * – Banco di Napoli, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Banks
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base. Most central banks also have supervisory and regulatory powers to ensure the stability of member institutions, to prevent bank runs, and to discourage reckless or fraudulent behavior by member banks. Central banks in most developed nations are institutionally independent from political interference. Still, limited control by the executive and legislative bodies exists. Activities of central banks Functions of a central bank usually include: * Monetary policy: by setting the official interest rate and controlling the money supply; *Financial stability: acting as a government's banker and as the bankers' bank (" lender of last resort"); * Reserve management: managing a country's ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eastern Caribbean Dollar
The Eastern Caribbean dollar ( symbol: EC$; code: XCD) is the currency of all seven full members and one associate member of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS). The successor to the British West Indies dollar, it has existed since 1965, and it is normally abbreviated with the dollar sign ''$'' or, alternatively, ''EC$'' to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. The EC$ is subdivided into 100 cents. It has been pegged to the United States dollar since 7 July 1976, at the exchange rate of = .70. Circulation Six of the states using the EC$ are independent states: Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. The other two, Anguilla and Montserrat, are British Overseas Territories. These states are all members of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union. The other two associate members of the OECS do not use the Eastern Caribbean dollar as their official currency: the British ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azerbaijani Manat
The manat ( ISO code: AZN; sign: ₼; abbreviation: m) is the currency of Azerbaijan. It is subdivided into 100 ''gapiks''. The first iteration of the currency happened in the times of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and its successor, the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, with the issues happening in 1919–1923. The currency underwent hyperinflation, and was eventually substituted by the Transcaucasian rouble, which, in its turn, was converted to the Soviet ruble. In Soviet times, the common currency of the USSR was known as manat in the Azeri language. When Azerbaijan gained independence from the Soviet Union, it substituted the Soviet ruble with the manat, which also went through a period of high inflation in the first years, rendering the coinage obsolete. The current manat in circulation exists since the denomination in 2006, when 5,000 old manat (AZM) were substituted with the new currency. The currency has mostly been pegged to the US dollar, at what is now the ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oesterreichische Nationalbank
The Oesterreichische Nationalbank (OeNB) is the central bank of Austria and, as such, an integral part of both the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) and the Eurozone. It started operations on , replacing the Austro-Hungarian Bank of which it adopted the original name at its creation in 1816 (german: privilegirte oesterreichische National-Bank). In the public interest, the Oesterreichische Nationalbank contributes to monetary and economic policy decision-making in Austria and in the Euro area. In line with the Federal Act on the Oesterreichische Nationalbank, the OeNB is a stock corporation. Given its status as a central bank, it is, however, governed by a number of special provisions, as laid down in the Nationalbank Act. The OeNB's capital totals €12 million and is held by a sole shareholder, the federal government. The shareholder rights of the federal government are exercised by the Minister of Finance. Since May 2010, this capital is entirely held by the Austr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the monetary Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's most important central banks. The ECB Governing Council makes the projects for the monetary policy for the European Union with suggestions and recommendations and to the Eurozone with more direct applications of such policies, it also administers the foreign exchange reserves of EU member states in the Eurozone, engages in foreign exchange operations, and defines the intermediate monetary aims and objectives, and also the common interest rates for the EU. The ECB Executive Board makes policies and decisions of the Governing Council, and may give direction to the national central banks, especially when doing so for the Eurozone central banks. The ECB has the exclusive right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes. EU member states can issue their langu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reserve Bank Of Australia
The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is Australia's central bank and banknote issuing authority. It has had this role since 14 January 1960, when the ''Reserve Bank Act 1959'' removed the central banking functions from the Commonwealth Bank. The bank's main policy role is to control inflation levels within a target range of 2-3%, by controlling the unemployment rate according to the NAIRU, via controlling the official cash rate. The NAIRU was implemented in most Western nations after 1975, and has been maintained at a target of 5-6% unemployment. The average unemployment rate in Australia between the end of the second world war and the implementation of the NAIRU was consistently between 1-2%. Since the implementation of the NAIRU, the average unemployment rate in Australia has been close to 6%. The RBA also provides services to the Government of Australia and services to other central banks and official institutions. The RBA currently comprises the Payments System Board, whic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australian Dollar
The Australian dollar ( sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of Australia, including its external territories: Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island. It is officially used as currency by three independent Pacific Island states: Kiribati, Nauru, and Tuvalu. It is legal tender in Australia.''Reserve Bank Act 1959'', s.36(1) an ''Currency Act 1965'', s.16 Within Australia, it is almost always abbreviated with the ($), with A$ or AU$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other |
Central Bank Of Aruba
The Central Bank of Aruba ( nl, Centrale Bank van Aruba) is the central bank in Aruba responsible for implementation of monetary policy of the Aruban florin. History The Centrale Bank van Aruba (the Bank) started its operations on January 1, 1986, when Aruba obtained its status as an autonomous country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Prior to this period, Aruba formed part of the Netherlands Antilles under jurisdiction of the Bank of the Netherlands Antilles. The bank is a legal entity in itself (''sui generis'') with an autonomous position within Aruba's public sector. With the inception of the bank, the Aruban florin was brought into circulation at the same rate as the Netherlands Antillean guilder, pegged to the U.S. dollar at a rate of Afl. 1.79 (= 1 NAf.) = US$1.00. This exchange rate has remained unchanged since then. The principle tasks of the bank are to maintain the internal and external value of the florin and to promote the soundness and integrity of the fina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aruban Florin
The florin (; sign: Afl.; code: AWG) or Aruban guilder is the currency of Aruba. It is subdivided into 100 cents. The florin was introduced in 1986, replacing the Netherlands Antillean guilder at par. The Aruban florin is pegged to the United States dollar at the rate of 1.79 florin per USD. US dollars are frequently accepted as payment at the rate of 1.75 florin per USD. Coins In 1986, coins were introduced in denominations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 cents and 1 and florin. Later, the 5 florin banknote was replaced by a square coin and the florin coin was removed from circulation. The 5 florin was replaced in 2005 with a round gold-coloured coin, because the old square 5 florin coin was too easy to counterfeit. All coins are struck in nickel-bonded steel with exception of the 5 florin, which is an alloy of copper and other metals. The 50 cent is the only square-shaped coin remaining, also commonly referred to as a "yotin" by the locals. On the back of each 1, and 5-florin coin is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artsakh Dram
The Artsakh dram ( hy, Արցախյան դրամ) is a monetary unit of the '' de facto'' independent Republic of Artsakh. Although it is legal tender, it is not as widely used as the Armenian dram. Coins Two commemorative coins were issued in 2003, while seven different coins have also been issued, all dated 2004. They are two aluminum 50 luma coins featuring a horse and a leaping antelope, three aluminum 1 dram coins featuring a wildcat, a pheasant and St. Gregory the Illuminator, two aluminum-bronze 5 dram coins featuring the Ghazanchetsots Cathedral in the town of Shushi and the We Are Our Mountains monument right outside Stepanakert, and two aluminum 1000 dram coins featuring Lake Van and Kevork Chavush. A new series of coins was issued in 2013, and consists of two 50 luma coins featuring a horse and antelope, three 1 dram coins depicting a leopard, wolf and pheasant and two five dram coins showing a bear and a capricorn. Banknotes 2 and 10 dram banknotes have been iss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Bank Of Armenia
The Central Bank of Armenia ( hy, Հայաստանի Կենտրոնական Բանկ, translit=Hayastani Kentronakan Bank) is the central bank of Armenia with its headquarters in Yerevan. The CBA is an independent institution responsible for issuing all banknotes and coins in the country, overseeing and regulating the banking sector and keeping the government's currency reserves. The CBA is also the sole owner of the Armenian Mint. The bank is engaged in policies to promote financial inclusion and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion. On July 3, 2012 the Central Bank of Armenia announced it would be making specific commitments to financial inclusion under the Maya Declaration. On September 28, 2012 at thGlobal Policy Forum 2012 the bank madan additional commitmentunder the Maya Declaration to encourage the roll out of private sector products that respond to the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on innovative channels like mobile and electronic money. And to als ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armenian Dram
The dram ( hy, դրամ; sign: ֏; abbreviation: դր.; ISO code: AMD) is the currency of Armenia, and is also used in the neighboring unrecognized Republic of Artsakh. It was historically subdivided into 100 luma (). The Central Bank of Armenia is responsible for issuance and circulation of dram banknotes and coins, as well as implementing the monetary policy of Armenia. The word "dram" translates into English as "money" and is cognate with the Greek drachma and the Arabic dirham, as well as the English weight unit dram. The first instance of a dram currency was in the period from 1199 to 1375, when silver coins called dram were issued. History On 21 September 1991, a national referendum proclaimed Armenia as a republic independent from the Soviet Union. The Central Bank of Armenia, established on 27 March 1993, was given the exclusive right of issuing the national currency. In the immediate aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union attempts were made to maintain a comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
