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Liquid Metal Embrittlement
Liquid metal embrittlement (LME), also known as liquid metal induced embrittlement, is a phenomenon of practical importance, where certain ductile metals experience drastic loss in tensile ductility or undergo brittle fracture when exposed to specific liquid metals. Generally, a tensile stress, either externally applied or internally present, is needed to induce embrittlement. Exceptions to this rule have been observed, as in the case of aluminium in the presence of liquid gallium.J. Huntington, ''Inst. Metals'', 11 (1914), 108 This phenomenon has been studied since the beginning of the 20th century. Many of its phenomenological characteristics are known and several mechanisms have been proposed to explain it.B. Joseph, M. Picat, and F. Barbier, ''Eur. Phys. J. AP'', 5 (1999), 19D.G. Kolman, "Environmentally Induced Cracking, Liquid Metal Embrittlement" in "ASM Handbook, Volume 13A, Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing and Protection", ASM International, Materials Park, OH, pp. 381-392 ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ductile
Ductility is a mechanical property commonly described as a material's amenability to drawing (e.g. into wire). In materials science, ductility is defined by the degree to which a material can sustain plastic deformation under tensile stress before failure. Ductility is an important consideration in engineering and manufacturing. It defines a material's suitability for certain manufacturing operations (such as cold working) and its capacity to absorb mechanical overload.. Some metals that are generally described as ductile include gold and copper. However, not all metals experience ductile failure as some can be characterized with brittle failure like cast iron. Polymers generally can be viewed as ductile materials as they typically allow for plastic deformation. Malleability, a similar mechanical property, is characterized by a material's ability to deform plastically without failure under compressive stress. Historically, materials were considered malleable if they were am ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nucleation
In thermodynamics, nucleation is the first step in the formation of either a new thermodynamic phase or structure via self-assembly or self-organization within a substance or mixture. Nucleation is typically defined to be the process that determines how long an observer has to wait before the new phase or self-organized structure appears. For example, if a volume of water is cooled (at atmospheric pressure) below 0°C, it will tend to freeze into ice, but volumes of water cooled only a few degrees below 0°C often stay completely free of ice for long periods (supercooling). At these conditions, nucleation of ice is either slow or does not occur at all. However, at lower temperatures nucleation is fast, and ice crystals appear after little or no delay. Nucleation is a common mechanism which generates first-order phase transitions, and it is the start of the process of forming a new thermodynamic phase. In contrast, new phases at continuous phase transitions start to form immedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Building Defects
A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a wide number of factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the term ''building'' compare the list of nonbuilding structures. Buildings serve several societal needs – primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical division of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) and the ''outside'' (a place that at times may be harsh and harmful). Ever since the first cave paintings, buildings have also become objects or canvasses of much artistic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Embrittlement
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE), also known as hydrogen-assisted cracking or hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC), is a reduction in the ductility of a metal due to absorbed hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms are small and can permeate solid metals. Once absorbed, hydrogen lowers the stress required for cracks in the metal to initiate and propagate, resulting in embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement occurs most notably in steels, as well as in iron, nickel, titanium, cobalt, and their alloys. Copper, aluminium, and stainless steels are less susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement. The essential facts about the nature of hydrogen embrittlement have been known since the 19th century. Hydrogen embrittlement is maximised at around room temperature in steels, and most metals are relatively immune to hydrogen embrittlement at temperatures above 150 °C. Hydrogen embrittlement requires the presence of both atomic ("diffusible") hydrogen and a mechanical stress to induce crack growth, although that str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Embrittlement
Embrittlement is a significant decrease of ductility of a material, which makes the material Brittleness, brittle. Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittle fracture occurs quicker and can much more easily propagate than ductile fracture, leading to complete failure of the equipment. Various materials have different mechanisms of embrittlement, therefore it can manifest in a variety of ways, from slow crack growth to a reduction of tensile ductility and toughness. Mechanisms Embrittlement is a series complex mechanism that is not completely understood. The mechanisms can be driven by temperature, stresses, grain boundaries, or material composition. However, by studying the embrittlement process, preventative measures can be put in place to mitigate the effects. There are several ways to study the mechanis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genesis Rodriguez
Génesis Rodríguez Pérez (born July 29, 1987) is an American actress and model. She began her career playing leading roles in the Telemundo telenovelas ''Prisionera'' (2004), '' Dame Chocolate'' (2007) and '' Doña Bárbara'' (2008–2009). She co-starred with Paul Walker in '' Hours''. She also played Sarah on ''Entourage'' (2010–2011) and assistant museum curator/adventurer Jane Walker on '' Time After Time'' (2017), and has starred in the films '' Man on a Ledge'' (2012), '' Casa de Mi Padre'' (2012), '' What to Expect When You're Expecting'' (2012), '' The Last Stand'' (2013), ''Tusk'' (2014) and '' Run All Night'' (2015). She provided the voice for Honey Lemon in '' Big Hero 6'' (2014), a role she reprises in the TV series (2017). Early life Rodriguez was born July 29, 1987, in Miami, Florida. Her mother, Luisa Carolina "Carol" Pérez Rodríguez, is a Cuban model. Her father, José Luis Rodríguez, is a Venezuelan actor and singer who is also known by the nicknam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Big Hero 6 (film)
''Big Hero 6'' is a 2014 American computer-animated superhero film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. Loosely based on the Marvel comics of the same name created by Man of Action, it is the 54th Disney animated feature film. The film was directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams and produced by Roy Conli, from a screenplay written by Jordan Roberts and the writing team of Robert L. Baird and Dan Gerson. The film stars the voices of Ryan Potter, Scott Adsit, Daniel Henney, T.J. Miller, Jamie Chung, Damon Wayans Jr., Genesis Rodriguez, James Cromwell, Maya Rudolph, and Alan Tudyk. ''Big Hero 6'' tells the story of Hiro Hamada, a young robotics prodigy, and Baymax, his late-brother Tadashi's healthcare-provider robot, who form a superhero team to combat a masked villain who is responsible for Tadashi's death. ''Big Hero 6'' is the first Disney animated film to feature Marvel Comics characters, whose parent company was acquired ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Finder
Joseph Finder (born October 6, 1958) is an American thriller writer. His books include ''Paranoia'', ''Company Man'', '' The Fixer'', ''Killer Instinct'', ''Power Play'', and the Nick Heller series of thrillers. His novel ''High Crimes'' was made into the film of the same name starring Ashley Judd and Morgan Freeman. His novel ''Paranoia'' was adapted into a 2013 film starring Liam Hemsworth, Gary Oldman, and Harrison Ford. Early life Joseph Finder was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1958 and spent much of his early childhood in Afghanistan and the Philippines before his family returned to the United States and lived in Bellingham, Washington and outside Albany, New York. Finder majored in Russian studies at Yale University, where he graduated '' summa cum laude'' and Phi Beta Kappa. He was also a bass singer in the Yale Whiffenpoofs (1980). He received a master's degree from the Harvard Russian Research Center and later taught on the Harvard faculty. He states that "He was r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Killer Instinct (novel)
Killer Instinct is a thriller novel written by Joseph Finder published in May 2006 by Orion Publishing Group. It debuted at #13 on the New York Times bestseller list with competition from ''The Da Vinci Code'' and won the International Thriller Writers Award The International Thriller Writers Awards are awarded by International Thriller Writers International Thriller Writers (ITW), was founded October 9, 2004, at Bouchercon XXXV, the "World Mystery and Suspense Conference", in Toronto, Ontario, Canada ... for best novel in 2007. Plot Jason Steadman is a thirty-year-old salesman, modest and industrious, who loves his wife Kate very much and wants to succeed in his work. But, as his boss makes clear to him, Steadman lacks "Killer Instinct" - the limitless ambition that will allow him to climb the ranks. Everything changes when Steadman meets Kurt Semko, a special forces combat soldier who has just returned from the Iraq war. From that moment, Steadman's luck improves remarkably, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santos Limited
Santos Ltd. (South Australia Northern Territory Oil Search) is an Australian oil and gas exploration and production company, with its headquarters in Adelaide, South Australia. It owns liquefied natural gas (LNG), pipeline gas, and oil assets. It is the biggest supplier of natural gas in Australia, with its plants in the Cooper Basin in South Australia and South West Queensland supplying the eastern states of Australia. Its operations also extend to the seas off Western Australia and Northern Territory. The company has been criticised by environmentalists and others for its high level of greenhouse gas emissions, its lobbying of political parties, and various incidents causing contamination. Santos provides sponsorship of several arts festivals and bodies, charities, and the University of Adelaide's Australian School of Petroleum. History Santos was incorporated on 18 March 1954, with its name an acronym of South Australia Northern Territory Oil Search. Its core business was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moomba, South Australia
Moomba is a company town located in the Australian state of South Australia within the gazetted locality of Gidgealpa about north of the state capital of Adelaide. It is operated by Santos Limited for the purpose of exploration and processing of natural gas found in and recovered from the Cooper and Eromanga Basins. There are a number of partners and contractors on the site including Bureau Veritas, O&G Solutions, SGS, Gearhart, Broadspectrum, OneSteel, Origin Energy, Diversified Construction, Halliburton, Baker Hughes, Schlumberger, ProTechnics a Division of CorelabGPA Engineering SAGE Automation anCactus Wellhead Geography Moomba is situated on the Strzelecki Track which runs through northeastern South Australia and into South West Queensland. The settlement is located on a low-lying plain amongst sand dunes at very little height above sea level. Several hundred kilometres to the southwest lies Lake Eyre which is in fact below sea level. History Moomba was establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silver Nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called ''lunar caustic'' because silver was called ''luna'' by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three- coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement. Synthesis and structure Albertus Magnus, in the 13th century, documented the ability of nitric acid to separate gold and silver by dissolving the silver. Indeed silver nitrate can be prepared by dissolving silver in nitric acid followed by evaporation of the solution. The stoichiometry of the reaction depends upon the concentration of nitric acid used. :3 Ag + 4 HNO3 (cold and diluted) → 3 AgNO3 + 2 H2O + NO :Ag + 2 HNO3 (hot and concentrated) → AgNO3 + H2O + NO2 The structure of silver nitrate has been examined by X-ray crystallography sever ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
