Limestone County, Texas
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Limestone County, Texas
Limestone County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 22,146. Its county seat is Groesbeck. The county was created in 1846. History Native Americans Indians friendly to the settlers resided in East Texas before the Kiowa, Apache and Comanche intruded upon their territory. These tribes hunted, farmed the land, and were adept traders. The Tawakoni branch of Wichita Indians originated north of Texas, but migrated south into east Texas. From 1843 onward, the Tawakoni were part of treaties made by both the Republic of Texas and the United States. Tawakoni were also sometimes known as Tehuacana. The Limestone County town of Tehuacana was settled on the former site of a Tehuacana village. The Waco people were also a branch of the Wichita Indians. Fort Parker massacre Arguably the most infamous Indian depredation in Texas took place in Limestone County on May 19, 1836, when an odd alliance of Comanche, Kiowa, Caddo, and Wichita ap ...
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County (United States)
In the United States, a county is an administrative or political subdivision of a state that consists of a geographic region with specific boundaries and usually some level of governmental authority. The term "county" is used in 48 states, while Louisiana and Alaska have functionally equivalent subdivisions called parishes and boroughs, respectively. The specific governmental powers of counties vary widely between the states, with many providing some level of services to civil townships, municipalities, and unincorporated areas. Certain municipalities are in multiple counties; New York City is uniquely partitioned into five counties, referred to at the city government level as boroughs. Some municipalities have consolidated with their county government to form consolidated city-counties, or have been legally separated from counties altogether to form independent cities. Conversely, those counties in Connecticut, Rhode Island, eight of Massachusetts's 14 counties, and Alaska ...
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Caddo
The Caddo people comprise the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma, a federally recognized tribe headquartered in Binger, Oklahoma. They speak the Caddo language. The Caddo Confederacy was a network of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands, who historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, west Louisiana, southwestern Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma. Prior to European contact, they were the Caddoan Mississippian culture, who constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory, flourishing about 800 to 1400 CE. In the early 19th century, Caddo people were forced to a reservation in Texas. In 1859, they were removed to Indian Territory. Government and civic institutions The Caddo Nation of Oklahoma was previously known as the Caddo Tribe of Oklahoma. The tribal constitution provides for election of an eight-person council, with a chairperson. Some 6,000 people are enrolled in the nation, with 3,044 living within the state of Oklahoma.
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Robertson County, Texas
Robertson County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2020 census, its population was 16,757. Its county seat is Franklin. The county was created in 1837 and organized the following year. It is named for Sterling C. Robertson, an early settler who signed the Texas Declaration of Independence. Robertson County is in east-central Texas and is part of the College Station- Bryan, TX metropolitan statistical area. Geography According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which are land and (1.1%) are covered by water. Major highways * U.S. Highway 79 * U.S. Highway 190 * State Highway 6 * State Highway 7 * State Highway 14 Additionally, State Highway OSR forms Robertson County's southeastern border, but does not fully enter the county. Adjacent counties * Limestone County (north) * Leon County (northeast) * Brazos County (southeast) * Burleson County (south) * Milam County (southwest) * Falls County (northwest) Demographi ...
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Joshua Hadley
Joshua Hadley (c.1785–1845) was an American pioneer, settler and public official. He participated in the Convention of 1832 and 1835 Consultation. Life He was born c1785 in North Carolina to Benjamin Hadley (son of Thomas Jefferson Hadley), and Elizabeth King. The couple lived in Tennessee, before moving to what is now San Augustine County, Texas in 1830. On May 7, 1831 he was the recipient of a league of land that stood to the north-east of Anderson, Texas. He constructed a fort, known locally as the ''Hadley Fort'' to protect the family against Native American attacks. The fort was the site of an Indian raid in 1840 which saw a woman scalped. During the Convention of 1832, Hadley represented the District of Viesca. In 1835 he was elected Alcalde. Hadley also served in the Army of the Republic of Texas in 1836. Due to his military service, he was gifted land in Grimes County, totalling 320 acres. Throughout his life, he married twice, firstly to Obedience Grantham, with w ...
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Lamotte Township, Crawford County, Illinois
Lamotte Township is one of ten townships in Crawford County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,887 and it contained 945 housing units. Its name changed from Palestine Township sometime before 1921. Geography According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Lamotte Township has a total area of , of which (or 98.80%) is land and (or 1.20%) is water. The Wabash River defines its eastern border. Cities, towns, villages * Palestine Unincorporated towns * Gordon * Richwoods * Trimble (This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.) Cemeteries The township contains these seven cemeteries: Barbee, East Union, Green, Higgins, Kitchell, Neathery and Oak Grove. Major highways * Illinois Route 33 Airports and landing strips * Robinson Municipal Airport Landmarks * Leaverton Park Demographics As of the 2020 census there were 1,887 people, 876 households, and 569 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were ...
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Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists
Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists are part of a larger sub-group of Baptists that is commonly referred to as "anti-mission" Baptists. This sub-group includes the Duck River and Kindred Baptists, Old Regular Baptists, some Regular Baptists and some United Baptists. Only a minuscule minority of Primitive Baptists adhere to the Two-Seed doctrine. The primary centers of Two-Seedism were in Northern Alabama, Arkansas, Eastern Tennessee, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. As of 2002, five churches or congregations of this faith and order still existed in Alabama, Indiana, Tennessee, and Texas. Origins Baptists first appeared in North America in the early 17th century.Newport Notables
Through the influence of the

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Daniel Parker (Baptist)
Daniel Parker (April 6, 1781 – December 3, 1844) was an American minister in the Primitive Baptist Church in the Southern United States and the founder of numerous churches including Pilgrim Primitive Baptist Church at Elkhart, Texas, the location of the Parker family cemetery. As an elder, Parker led a group who separated from that church and formed the Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptists. Parker is one of the earliest documented proponents of the doctrine of Serpent Seed among Protestant Christianity. Early life Daniel Parker was born on April 6, 1781, in Culpeper County, Virginia. He was the oldest son of John Parker, a former Continental soldier, and Sarah (White) Parker. The family moved to Elbert County, Georgia around 1785. Daniel professed conversion before the Nail's Creek Baptist Church in Franklin County, Georgia, and was baptized on January 19, 1802. He married Patsy Dickerson on March 11, 1802. In 1803, John & Sarah, Daniel & Patsy, and other Parker fa ...
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Coahuila Y Texas
Coahuila y Tejas, officially the Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila y Tejas (), was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution. It had two capitals: first Saltillo (1822–1825) for petition of Miguel Ramos Arizpe, that changing the capital for dispute of political groups, but Monclova recovered primacy because it was the colonial capital since 1689; this action provoked a struggle between the residents of Saltillo and Monclova in 1838–1840, but the political actions of Santa Anna convinced the monclovitas to accept the final change of political powers to Saltillo. In the case of Tejas its territory was organized for administrative purposes, with the state being divided into three districts: Béxar, comprising the area covered by Texas; Monclova, comprising northern Coahuila; and Río Grande Saltillo, comprising southern Coahuila. The state remained in existence until the adoption of the 1835 "Constitutional Bases ...
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Robertson's Colony
Robertson's Colony was an empresario colonization effort during the Mexican Texas period. It is named after Sterling C. Robertson, but had previously been known by other names. It has also been referred to as the Nashville Colony, after the Tennessee city where the effort originated, the Texas Association, the Upper Colony, and Leftwich's Grant, named after early colonizer Robert Leftwich. The eventual contract spread over an area that includes all or part of thirty present-day counties in Texas. Counties within Robertson's Colony Thirty present-day counties were part of the colony. The original 1824 contract secured by Robert Leftwich included all or part of seventeen present-day Texas counties. The 1827 transfer of the contract from Leftwich to the Texas Association added territory that included all or part of an additional thirteen counties. * Bastrop *Bell *Bosque * Brazos *Brown * Burleson * Burnet *Callahan *Comanche * Coryell *Eastland * Erath * Falls *Hamilton *Hill ...
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Haden Harrison Edwards
Haden Harrison Edwards (1812–1865) was a Texan, born in Virginia but brought to Nacogdoches as a youngster by his father, onetime ''empresario'' Haden Edwards. Haden Harrison Edwards worked as a livestock trader, soldier, politician and railroad executive. He founded the Sabine Pass and East Texas Railway and was that company's first president.Edwards, Haden Harrison
. Retrieved on June 6, 2011.


Military career

Edwards was already a well-travelled cattle trader when the Texas Revolution broke out. He was soon elected captain of a company of volunteers which served ...
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Quanah Parker
Quanah Parker (Comanche ''kwana'', "smell, odor") ( – February 23, 1911) was a war leader of the Kwahadi ("Antelope") band of the Comanche Nation. He was likely born into the Nokoni ("Wanderers") band of Tabby-nocca and grew up among the Kwahadis, the son of Kwahadi Comanche chief Peta Nocona and Cynthia Ann Parker, an Anglo-American who had been abducted as a nine-year-old child and assimilated into the Nokoni tribe. Following the apprehension of several Kiowa chiefs in 1871, Quanah Parker emerged as a dominant figure in the Red River War, clashing repeatedly with Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie. With European-Americans hunting American bison, the Comanches' primary sustenance, into near extinction, Quanah Parker eventually surrendered and peaceably led the Kwahadi to the reservation at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Quanah Parker was never elected chief by his people but was appointed by the federal government as principal chief of the entire Comanche Nation. He became a primary emissa ...
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Cynthia Parker
Cynthia Ann Parker (October 28, 1827 – March 1871), also known as Naduah ( Comanche: ''Narua''), was a white woman who was notable for having been captured during the Fort Parker massacre at about age nine, by a Comanche war band and adopted into the tribe. Twenty-four years later she was discovered and taken captive by Texas Rangers, at approximately age 33, and unwillingly taken back to European-American society. Her Comanche name means "someone found" in English. Thoroughly assimilated as Comanche, Parker had married Peta Nocona, a chief. They had three children together, including son Quanah Parker, who became the last free Comanche chief. Parker was captured by the Texas Rangers during the Battle of Pease River, also known as the "Pease River Massacre". During this raid, the Rangers killed an estimated six to twelve people, mostly women and children. Parker was taken against her will back to her extended biological family. For the remaining 10 years of her life, she m ...
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