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Lima Penitentiary
The Lima Penitentiary ( es, Penitenciaría de Lima), also known simply as ''El Panóptico'', was a prison building that existed in Lima, Peru. It had a panopticon layout, and was designed by Michele Trefogli and Maximiliano Mimey. History The penitentiary was built between 1856 and 1860, by order of President Ramón Castilla due to the lack of a prison system in the country. It was inaugurated in 1862. After a study carried out by Mariano Paz Soldán, the construction of the building was arranged by architects Michele Trefogli and Maximiliano Mimey. It was located south of the city, near the Guadalupe Gate of the Walls of Lima. The front of the building reflected a severe architectural style, showing its reclusive purpose and trying to project an impregnable image, while the layout of the rooms inside included areas where prisoners worked during the day and cells where they were confined in the nights. The building existed for more than 100 years and characters such as President ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lima
Lima ( ; ), originally founded as Ciudad de Los Reyes (City of The Kings) is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaside city of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population of more than 9.7 million in its urban area and more than 10.7 million in its metropolitan area, Lima is one of the largest cities in the Americas. Lima was named by natives in the agricultural region known by native Peruvians as ''Limaq''. It became the capital and most important city in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru (República del Perú). Around one-third of the national population now lives in its Lima Metropolitan Area, metropolitan area. The city of Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Peru
, border = Central , image = , caption = Logo of the Government of Peru , date = 1990 , state = Peru , address = Government Palace , leader_title = President of PeruWhile there is the office of prime minister, officially called "President of the Council of Ministers" (''Presidente del Consejo de Ministros del Perú''), the President of Peru is the actual head of government , appointed = President of Peru , main_organ = Council of Ministers , ministries = 18 , responsible = President of Peru and Congress of the Republic , url = http://www.pcm.gob.pe/ The Republic of Peru is a unitary state with a multi-party semi-presidential system. The current government was established by the 1993 Constitution of Peru. The government is composed of three branches, being executive, judicial, and legislative branches. Executive branch , President , Dina Boluarte , Independent , 7 Dece ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Panopticon
The panopticon is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the 18th century. The concept of the design is to allow all prisoners of an institution to be observed by a single security guard, without the inmates being able to tell whether they are being watched. Although it is physically impossible for the single guard to observe all the inmates' cells at once, the fact that the inmates cannot know when they are being watched means that they are motivated to act as though they are being watched at all times. Thus, the inmates are effectively compelled to regulate their own behaviour. The architecture consists of a rotunda with an inspection house at its centre. From the centre, the manager or staff of the institution are able to watch the inmates. Bentham conceived the basic plan as being equally applicable to hospitals, schools, sanatoriums, and asylums, but he devoted most of his effort ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramón Castilla
Ramón Castilla y Marquesado (; 31 August 1797 – 30 May 1867) was a Peruvian ''caudillo'' who served as President of Peru three times as well as the Interim President of Peru (Revolution Self-proclaimed President) in 1863. His earliest prominent appearance in Peruvian history began with his participation in a commanding role of the army of the Libertadores that helped Peru become an independent nation. Later, he led the country when the economy boomed due to the exploitation of guano deposits. Castilla's governments are remembered for having abolished slavery and modernized the state. He assumed the presidency for the first time after general Domingo Nieto's death for a short period in 1844, then in 1845 until 1851, again from 1855 to 1862 and, finally, during a brief period in 1863. First years Castilla was born in Tarapacá (then part of the Viceroyalty of Peru), the second son of Pedro Castilla, of Spanish-Argentine origin, and Juana Marquezado de Romero, who was of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Comercio (Peru)
''El Comercio'' is a Peruvian newspaper based in Lima. Founded in 1839, it is the oldest newspaper in Peru and one of the oldest Spanish-language papers in the world. It has a daily circulation of more than 120,000. It is one of the most influential media in Peru. History The military dictatorship of Juan Velasco Alvarado expropriated the newspaper in the mid-1970s. The company was returned to their original owners by President Fernando Belaúnde Terry on 28 July 1980, the same day he assumed office. It was his first official act upon assuming his presidency. The newspaper is owned by shareholders of the Miró Quesada family, whose ownership of the company dates to 1875. Despite this, management is under control of an individual who is not a member of the family. The company has ownership over its subsidiaries, the newspapers '' Peru 21'' and ''Trome'', and the magazine ''Somos''. The corporation, Empresa Editora El Comercio S.A., is the product of the merging of many compa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Walls Of Lima
The Walls of Lima were a fortification consisting mainly of walls and bastions whose purpose was to defend the city of Lima from exterior attacks. It was built between 1684 and 1687, during the Viceroy Melchor de Navarra y Rocafull (Duke of Palata)'s government. The wall was located on the present streets of Alfonso Ugarte, Paseo Colón and Grau and the left bank of Rímac River. Under Luis Castaneda Lossio's management, he recovered a section of the remains of the left bank of the Rímac River, which are now visible as a part of the group known as "Parque de la Muralla," although these are probably from a previous construction known as "Tajamar de San Francisco." The Santa Lucía bastion is a sector of the wall located on the edge of Barrios Altos and El Agustino that still stands . History The old wall was built around the city to protect it from pirates attacks and other enemies of the Spanish crown in the 17th century. The wall had 10 exit and entry gates: Martinet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augusto B
Augusto is an Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish given name or surname. Notable people with the name include: *Augusto Aníbal *Augusto dos Anjos * Augusto Arbizo *Augusto Barbera (born 1938), Italian law professor, politician and judge *Augusto Benedico *Augusto Boal *Augusto de Campos *Augusto César Sandino * Augusto Fantozzi * Augusto Genina *Augusto B. Leguía *Augusto Monterroso * Augusto Odone, Italian economist who invented Lorenzo's oil * Augusto Pestana (1868-1934) *Augusto Pinochet *Augusto Righi * Augusto Roa Bastos * Augusto Silj * Augusto Vargas Alzamora * Augusto de Vasconcelos * Augusto Vera ;People in sports * Augusto (footballer, born 1992), Brazilian football player, full name Augusto Bruno da Silva * Augusto Farfus, Brazilian race car driver * Augusto Fernández, Argentine footballer * Augusto Franqui, Cuban baseball player * Augusto Inácio, Portuguese footballer * Augusto Oliveira da Silva Brazilian footballer *Luís Augusto Osório Romão (1983) Brazilian foot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Frontón
El Frontón is a deserted island and former penal colony off the coast of Callao, Peru. Geography Dry, deserted and without vegetation, it is located 7 km from the coast, to the west of La Punta District and to the southeast of San Lorenzo Island. It has an approximate area of 1 km² and is frequented by marine animals such as sea lions and the Humboldt penguin. History From its viceregal era up until the early 19th century, the island was inhabited only by pirates and privateers, and was also known by the nickname of Dead Man's Island ( es, La Isla del Muerto). Prison The island became a penal colony in the early 19th century, starting in 1917, under president José Pardo's second administration. Initially a maximum security prison, the island eventually housed political prisoners, such as future president Fernando Belaúnde Terry, who, his imprisonment, made an unsuccessful attempt to swim to freedom. Hugo Blanco was also imprisoned on the island. The prison was renamed to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Juan Velasco Alvarado
Juan Francisco Velasco Alvarado (June 16, 1910 – December 24, 1977) was a Peruvian general who served as the President of Peru after a successful coup d'état against Fernando Belaúnde's presidency in 1968. Under his presidency, nationalism, as well as left-leaning policies that addressed Indigenous Peruvians, such as nationalization or agrarian reform were adopted. These policies were reversed after another coup d'état in 1975 led by his Prime Minister, Francisco Morales-Bermúdez. Velasco had a confrontational foreign policy towards the United States, as he pushed for renegotiation of treaties and criticized what he perceived as a pernicious dependence of Latin American states on the United States. While he strengthened Peruvian relations with the Soviet Union, Velasco was firmly anti-communist. His foreign policy has been described as "third way." Early life Juan Velasco was born in Castilla, a city near Piura on Peru's north coast. He was the son of Manuel José Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ciro Alegría
Ciro Alegría Bazán (November 4, 1909 – February 17, 1967) was a Peruvian journalist, politician, and novelist. Biography Born in Huamachuco District, he exposed the problems of the Native Peruvians while learning about their way of life. This understanding of how they were oppressed was the focus for his novels. He attended classes at the University of Trujillo, and worked briefly as a journalist for the newspaper ''El Norte''. In 1930 Alegría joined the Aprista movement, dedicated to social reform as well as improving the welfare of Native Peruvians. He was imprisoned several times for his political activities before finally being exiled to Chile in 1934. He remained in exile in both Chile and later the United States up until 1948. Later, he taught at the University of Puerto Rico, and wrote about the Cuban revolution while in Cuba. His most well known novel, '' Broad and Alien is the World'' (1941) or ''El mundo es ancho y ajeno'', won the Latin American Novel Prize ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Delfín Lévano
Delfín Lévano (November 4, 1885 – September 23, 1941) was a Peruvian anarchist, journalist, poet, musician and lecturer. Founder of the newspaper ''La Protesta'' of Peru in its first phase (1911–'26) and ''El Proletariado'' of anarchist and anarchosyndicalist groups. Son of the anarchist Manuel Caracciolo Lévano and father of César Lévano, a popular journalist and professor at the National University of San Marcos The National University of San Marcos ( es, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, link=no, UNMSM) is a public research university located in Lima, the capital of Peru. It is considered the most important, recognized and representative educ .... Literature Luis Tejada Ripalda / César Lévano: ''La utopía libertaria en el Perú. Manuel y Delfín Lévano. Obra Completa'', Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Peru, Lima 2006, External links 'Anarcho-syndicalism in Peru, 1905–1930', by Steven Hirsch (LibCom.org)Delfin Levano (Marxists.org)(Spanish) 'Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Víctor Raúl Haya De La Torre
Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (February 22, 1895 – August 2, 1979) was a Peruvian politician, philosopher, and author who founded the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) political movement, the oldest currently existing political party in Peru by the name of the ''Peruvian Aprista Party'' (PAP). Born in Trujillo, a city on the north Peruvian coast, in the bosom of an aristocratic family, he enrolled in the National University of Trujillo and then the School of Law of the National University of San Marcos. He soon stood out as a student leader supporting the working class. He participated in protests against the regime of Augusto B. Leguía, standing out as a vigorous and eloquent speaker, with great power of persuasion due to the depth of his ideas. Banished by Leguía in 1922, he emigrated to Mexico, where in 1924 he founded the APRA, a political movement with continental projection and a social democratic orientation, initially with a clear anti-imperialist posit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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