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Lieutenant Field Marshal
Lieutenant field marshal, also frequently historically field marshal lieutenant (german: Feldmarschall-Leutnant, formerly , historically also and, in official Imperial and Royal Austrian army documents from 1867 always , abbreviated ''FML''), was a senior army rank in certain European armies of the 17th to 20th centuries. It emerged as the rank of field marshal (german: Feldmarschall) came to be used for the highest army commander in the 17th century (having originally been the equivalent of a cavalry colonel). In German-speaking countries the commander-in-chief usually appointed an "under marshal" () or "lieutenant field marshal" to support and represent the field marshal. Amongst his functions as the personal deputy to the field marshal, were the supervision of supply depots and routes, and inspection of the guards. Austria It was introduced to the Army of the Austrian Empire in the period 1804 to 1866, and the Austro-Hungarian Army from 1867 to 1918, where it was the secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Imperial And Royal
The phrase Imperial and Royal (German: ''kaiserlich und königlich'', ), typically abbreviated as ''k. u. k.'', ''k. und k.'', ''k. & k.'' in German (the "und" is always spoken unabbreviated), ''cs. és k. (császári és királyi)'' in Hungarian, ''c. a k. (císařský a královský)'' in Czech, ''C. i K. (Cesarski i Królewski)'' in Polish, ''c. in k. (cesarski in kraljevski)'' in Slovenian, ''c. i kr. (carski i kraljevski)'' in Croatian, ''ц. и кр. (царски и краљевски)'' in Serbian, and I.R. (''Imperiale Regio'') in Italian, refers to the court/government of the Habsburgs in a broader historical perspective. Some modern authors restrict its use to the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary from 1867 to 1918. During that period, it indicated that the Habsburg monarch reigned simultaneously as the ''Kaiser'' ( Emperor of Austria) and as the ''König'' ( King of Hungary), while the two territories were joined in a real union (akin to a two-state federation in thi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Der Kavallerie
General of the Cavalry (german: General der Kavallerie) was a General officer rank in the cavalry in various states of which the modern states of German and Austria are successors or in other armies which used the German model. Artillery officers of equivalent rank were called "General of the Artillery" (''General der Artillerie''), and infantry officers of equivalent rank "General of the Infantry" (''General der Infanterie''). For more details see: * General of the Cavalry (Austria) for the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial Army of the Austrian Empire, and Imperial Army of the Austro-Hungarian Empire *General of the Cavalry (Finland) for the Finnish Defence Forces of the Republic of Finland. *General of the Cavalry (Germany) for the German Imperial Army, the interwar ''Reichswehr'', and the '' Wehrmacht'' *General of the Cavalry (Russia) for the Russian Imperial Army of the Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Danish Order Of Precedence
The Danish order of precedence is a symbolic hierarchy of Danish officials used to direct protocol. It has no official status and entails no special privileges, but has been established in practical use, e.g. determining seating arrangements at formal occasions in the royal house. The order of precedence is very elaborate, and especially the lower classes include many relatively obscure civil servant positions; the following is only an excerpt. The royal family Members of the royal family are not part of the official order of precedence, but are traditionally placed on top of the hierarchy. Their order is as follows: * The Queen * The Crown Prince * The Crown Princess * Prince Christian * Princess Isabella * Prince Vincent * Princess Josephine * Prince Joachim * Princess Marie * Count Nikolai * Count Felix * Count Henrik * Countess Athena * Princess Benedikte When the Queen is out of the country or otherwise unable to perform her duties, the heir apparent becomes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Christian V Of Denmark
Christian V (15 April 1646 25 August 1699) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 until his death in 1699. Well-regarded by the common people, he was the first king anointed at Frederiksborg Castle chapel as absolute monarch since the decree that institutionalized the supremacy of the king in Denmark-Norway. Christian fortified the absolutist system against the aristocracy by accelerating his father's practice of allowing both Holstein nobles and Danish and Norwegian commoners into state service. As king, he wanted to show his power as absolute monarch through architecture, and dreamed of a Danish Versailles. He was the first to use the 1671 Throne Chair of Denmark, partly made for this purpose. His motto was: ''Pietate et Justitia'' (With piety and justice). Biography Early years Prince Christian was born on 15 April 1646 at Duborg Castle in the city of Flensburg, then located in the Duchy of Schleswig. He was the first legitimate child born to the then Prince Fre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anschluss
The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938. The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a " Greater Germany") began after the unification of Germany excluded Austria and the German Austrians from the Prussian-dominated German Empire in 1871. Following the end of World War I with the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in 1918, the newly formed Republic of German-Austria attempted to form a union with Germany, but the Treaty of Saint Germain (10 September 1919) and the Treaty of Versailles (28 June 1919) forbade both the union and the continued use of the name "German-Austria" (); and stripped Austria of some of its territories, such as the Sudetenland. Prior to the , there had been strong support in both Austria and Germany for unification of the two countries. In the immediate aftermath of the dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy—wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Von Boog
Adolf von Boog (27 April 1866, Belluno — 15 February 1929, Vienna) was an Austro-Hungarian Army officer who served in World War I, holding senior positions in the General Staff and commanding field units, and later was briefly the commander-in-chief of the ''Volkswehr'' ("People's Defense") of the new postwar rump state of Austria. Biography Adolf von Boog was born in the city of Belluno in 1866, formerly a possession of the Austrian Empire before it became part of the unified Kingdom of Italy. He spoke fluent German and Italian, along with some Bohemian, Hungarian, and Bosnian. Boog was commissioned as a lieutenant in a heavy artillery battery of the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1886. In 1892, Boog was appointed to the General Staff, where he remained until 1900. He then served in the 31st Infantry Regiment to 1901 before becoming part of the General Staff again, then serving in the 88th Infantry Regiment from 1907 until 1909. Boog became the chief of staff of XV Corps to 1910. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Excellency
Excellency is an honorific style given to certain high-level officers of a sovereign state, officials of an international organization, or members of an aristocracy. Once entitled to the title "Excellency", the holder usually retains the right to that courtesy throughout their lifetime, although in some cases the title is attached to a particular office, and is held only for the duration of that office. Generally people addressed as ''Excellency'' are heads of state, heads of government, governors, ambassadors, Roman Catholic bishops and high-ranking ecclesiastics and others holding equivalent rank (e.g., heads of international organizations). Members of royal families generally have distinct addresses ( Majesty, Highness, etc.) It is sometimes misinterpreted as a title of office in itself, but in fact is an honorific that precedes various titles (such as Mr. President, and so on), both in speech and in writing. In reference to such an official, it takes the form ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Division (military)
A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 6,000 and 25,000 soldiers. In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades; in turn, several divisions typically make up a corps. Historically, the division has been the default combined arms unit capable of independent operations. Smaller combined arms units, such as the American regimental combat team (RCT) during World War II, were used when conditions favored them. In recent times, modern Western militaries have begun adopting the smaller brigade combat team (similar to the RCT) as the default combined arms unit, with the division they belong to being less important. While the focus of this article is on army divisions, in naval usage " division" has a completely different meaning, referring to either an administrative/functional sub-unit of a department (e.g., fire control division of the weapons department) aboard naval and coast guard ships, shore commands, and in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prussian Army
The Royal Prussian Army (1701–1919, german: Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It became vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the core mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War of 1618–1648. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia dramatically increased its size and improved its doctrines. King Frederick the Great, a formidable battle commander, led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th-century Silesian Wars and greatly increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. The army had become outdated by the beginning of the Napoleonic Wars, and France defeated Prussia in the War of the Fourth Coalition in 1806. However, under the leadership of Gerhard von Scharnhorst, Prussian reformers began modernizing the Prussian Army, which contributed greatly to the d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Common Army
The Common Army (german: Gemeinsame Armee, hu, Közös Hadsereg) as it was officially designated by the Imperial and Royal Military Administration, was the largest part of the Austro-Hungarian land forces from 1867 to 1914, the other two elements being the Imperial-Royal Landwehr (of Austria) and the Royal Hungarian Landwehr. However, it was simply known as the Army (''Heer'') by the Emperor and in peacetime laws, and, after 1918, colloquially called the ''k.u.k. Armee'' (short for Imperial and Royal Army). Established on 15 March 1867 and effectively disbanded on 31 October 1918 when its Hungarian troops left, the Common Army formed the main element of the "armed power" (''Bewaffneten Macht'' or ''Wehrmacht'') of the new double monarchy, to which the Imperial and Royal Navy (''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'') also belonged. In the First World War all land and sea forces of the monarchy were subordinated to the '' Armeeoberkommando'' set up in 1914. History Origin of the name Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Feldzeugmeister
''Feldzeugmeister'' was a historical military rank in some German and the Austro-Hungarian armies, especially in use for the artillery. It was commonly used in the 16th or 17th century, but could even be found at the beginning of the 20th century in some European countries. In the army of Habsburg Empire, the rank of Feldzeugmeister was an equivalent of lieutenant general. Etymology The German term ''Feldzeugmeister'' literally translates as "ordnance master" or "gun master". (''Feld-'' means battlefield, as used in the German title for field marshal (''Feldmarschall''), and ''-zeug-'' refers to the guns used by the artillery.) In French, the equivalent expression was , used since the days of Philip VI of France (). Military rank Originally, the ranks above ''Feldzeugmeister'' were ''Feldhauptmann'' and ''Feldmarschall''. The third most important person in the army was the ''Feldzeugmeister''. Although the expression was common in the German artillery, Austrian, Hungarian and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Der Infanterie
General of the Infantry is a military rank of a General officer in the infantry and refers to: * General of the Infantry (Austria) * General of the Infantry (Bulgaria) * General of the Infantry (Germany) ('), a rank of a general in the German Imperial Army, Reichswehr or Wehrmacht, as well as an official position of the Bundeswehr, held by an officer in the rank of Generalleutnant now and previously of General of the branch, who is responsible for the training and equipment of the infantry. * General of the Infantry (Imperial Russia) ('), rank of general in the Russian Imperial Army See also * General of the Cavalry General of the Cavalry (german: General der Kavallerie) was a General officer rank in the cavalry in various states of which the modern states of German and Austria are successors or in other armies which used the German model. Artillery officers ... * General of the Artillery (other) * G.I. (military), a U.S. rank thought to mean "general infantry" but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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