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Lichinodiales
''Lichinodium'' is a genus of filamentous lichens. It is the only genus in the family Lichinodiaceae, itself the only member of the order Lichinodiales. ''Lichinodium'' has four species. Previously considered part of the class Lichinomycetes, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that ''Lichinodium'' represents a unique lineage in the Leotiomycetes—the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in this class. Taxonomy The genus ''Lichinodium'' is typified by ''Lichinodium sirosiphoideum'', first described in 1875 by William Nylander. Aino Henssen added three species to the genus about a century later. ''Lichinodium'' used to be classified in the Lichinomycetes, but molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2018 showed that the genus was incorrectly classified there, and that instead it represents a new lichen-forming lineage in the superclass Sordariomyceta (containing the (Leotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and the Sordariomycetes), a major fungal group that was not pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leotiomycetes
The Leotiomycetes are a class of ascomycete fungi. Many of them cause serious plant diseases. Systematics The class Leotiomycetes contains numerous species with an anamorph placed within the ''fungi imperfecti'' (deuteromycota), that have only recently found their place in the phylogenetic system. The older classifications placed Leotiomycetes into the Discomycetes clade ( inoperculate Discomycetes). Molecular studies have recently shed some new light to the still obscure systematics. Most scholars consider Leotiomycetes a sister taxon to Sordariomycetes in the phylogenetic tree of Pezizomycotina. Its division into subclasses have received strong support by the molecular data, but the overall monophyly of Leotiomycetes is dubious. The order Lichinodiales and family Lichinodiaceae, newly circumscribed in 2019 to contain the genus cyanolichen genus '' Lichinodium'', is the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in the Leotiomycetes. Characteristics *Most ''Leotiomycetes'' g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichinodium Saxicola
''Lichinodium'' is a genus of filamentous lichens. It is the only genus in the family Lichinodiaceae, itself the only member of the order Lichinodiales. ''Lichinodium'' has four species. Previously considered part of the class Lichinomycetes, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that ''Lichinodium'' represents a unique lineage in the Leotiomycetes—the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in this class. Taxonomy The genus ''Lichinodium'' is typified by ''Lichinodium sirosiphoideum'', first described in 1875 by William Nylander. Aino Henssen added three species to the genus about a century later. ''Lichinodium'' used to be classified in the Lichinomycetes, but molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2018 showed that the genus was incorrectly classified there, and that instead it represents a new lichen-forming lineage in the superclass Sordariomyceta (containing the (Leotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and the Sordariomycetes), a major fungal group that was not pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichinodium Sirosiphoideum
''Lichinodium'' is a genus of filamentous lichens. It is the only genus in the family Lichinodiaceae, itself the only member of the order Lichinodiales. ''Lichinodium'' has four species. Previously considered part of the class Lichinomycetes, molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that ''Lichinodium'' represents a unique lineage in the Leotiomycetes—the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in this class. Taxonomy The genus ''Lichinodium'' is typified by ''Lichinodium sirosiphoideum'', first described in 1875 by William Nylander. Aino Henssen added three species to the genus about a century later. ''Lichinodium'' used to be classified in the Lichinomycetes, but molecular phylogenetic analysis published in 2018 showed that the genus was incorrectly classified there, and that instead it represents a new lichen-forming lineage in the superclass Sordariomyceta (containing the (Leotiomycetes, Laboulbeniomycetes, and the Sordariomycetes), a major fungal group that was not pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lichinodium Ahlneri
''Lichinodium ahlneri'' is a species of filamentous lichen belonging to the family Lichinodiaceae. Described as a new species in 1963 by Aino Henssen, the specific epithet honours Swedish lichenologist Sten Ahlner Sten Gustaf Edvard Ahlner (18 September 1905 – 12 January 1991) was a Swedish lichenologist. Biography Sten Ahlner was born on 18 September in Gävle, Sweden, the son of teachers Oscar Ahlner and Anna (née Karlsson). After matriculating w .... It is native to Northern Europe and Northern America. References Leotiomycetes Lichen species Lichens described in 1963 Taxa named by Aino Henssen Lichens of Northern Europe Lichens of North America {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haustoria
In botany and mycology, a haustorium (plural haustoria) is a rootlike structure that grows into or around another structure to absorb water or nutrients. For example, in mistletoe or members of the broomrape family, the structure penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. In mycology, it refers to the appendage or portion of a parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip), which performs a similar function. Microscopic haustoria penetrate the host plant's cell wall and siphon nutrients from the space between the cell wall and plasma membrane but do not penetrate the membrane itself. Larger (usually botanical, not fungal) haustoria do this at the tissue level. The etymology of the name corresponds to the Latin word ''haustor'' meaning ''the one who draws, drains or drinks'', and refers to the action performed by the outgrowth. In fungi Fungi in all major divisions form haustoria. Haustoria take several forms. Generally, on penetration, the fungus increases the surface ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyanobiont
Cyanobionts are cyanobacteria that live in symbiosis with a wide range of organisms such as terrestrial or aquatic plants; as well as, algal and fungal species. They can reside within extracellular or intracellular structures of the host. In order for a cyanobacterium to successfully form a symbiotic relationship, it must be able to exchange signals with the host, overcome defense mounted by the host, be capable of hormogonia formation, chemotaxis, heterocyst formation, as well as possess adequate resilience to reside in host tissue which may present extreme conditions, such as low oxygen levels, and/or acidic mucilage. The most well-known plant-associated cyanobionts belong to the genus ''Nostoc''. With the ability to differentiate into several cell types that have various functions, members of the genus ''Nostoc'' have the morphological plasticity, flexibility and adaptability to adjust to a wide range of environmental conditions, contributing to its high capacity to form symbioti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypha
A hypha (; ) is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium. Structure A hypha consists of one or more cells surrounded by a tubular cell wall. In most fungi, hyphae are divided into cells by internal cross-walls called "septa" (singular septum). Septa are usually perforated by pores large enough for ribosomes, mitochondria, and sometimes nuclei to flow between cells. The major structural polymer in fungal cell walls is typically chitin, in contrast to plants and oomycetes that have cellulosic cell walls. Some fungi have aseptate hyphae, meaning their hyphae are not partitioned by septa. Hyphae have an average diameter of 4–6 µm. Growth Hyphae grow at their tips. During tip growth, cell walls are extended by the external assembly and polymerization of cell wall components, and the internal production of new cell membrane. The S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apothecia
An ascocarp, or ascoma (), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. Ascocarps are most commonly bowl-shaped (apothecia) but may take on a spherical or flask-like form that has a pore opening to release spores (perithecia) or no opening (cleistothecia). Classification The ascocarp is classified according to its placement (in ways not fundamental to the basic taxonomy). It is called ''epigeous'' if it grows above ground, as with the morels, while underground ascocarps, such as truffles, are termed ''hypogeous''. The structure enclosing the hymenium is divided into the types described below (apothecium, cleistothecium, etc.) and this character ''is'' important for the taxonomic classification of the fungus. Apothecia can be relatively large and fleshy, whereas the others are microscopic—about the size of flecks of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conidiomata
Conidiomata (singular: Conidioma) are blister-like fruiting structures produced by a specific type of fungus called a coelomycete. They are formed as a means of dispersing asexual spores call conidia, which they accomplish by creating the blister-like formations which then rupture to release the contained spores. Structure Conidiomata mainly consist of a mass of densely packed hypha which develops below the surface of the host cuticle, and the fungus may or may not use some of the host’s own tissue to construct the structure. Development of these structures can either occur just below the cuticle or below the epidermal layer of the tissue. Formation on the differing levels is dependent upon the type of conidiomata being formed. Five types of conidioma have been found and are classified as acervuli, pycnidia, sporodochia, synnemata and corenima. Types Acervuli Acervuli is one of the two major groups of conidiomata (the other being pycnidia). Conidiomata of this type form ju ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photobiont
A lichen ( , ) is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship.Introduction to Lichens – An Alliance between Kingdoms . University of California Museum of Paleontology. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not s. They may have tiny, leafless branches (); flat leaf-like structures ( |
Leotiaceae
The Leotiaceae are a family of fungi in the order Leotiales. Species in this family are saprobic, and have a wide distribution, especially in temperate regions. The family contains 7 genera and 34 species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s .... References Leotiomycetes Taxa named by August Carl Joseph Corda {{Leotiomycetes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
