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Lexibank
Lexibank is a linguistics database managed by the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. The database consists of over 100 standardized wordlists (datasets) that are independently curated. Description Lexibank datasets are presented in the Cross-Linguistic Data Format (CLDF).Forkel, R. et alCross-Linguistic Data Formats advancing data sharing and reuse in comparative linguistics. ''Sci. Data.'' 5:180205 (2018). Phonological and lexical features are automatically computed in Lexibank. The datasets are publicly accessible and are archived at Zenodo and are also publicly available on GitHub. Lexibank is also part of the Cross-Linguistic Linked Data project. All of the datasets are released under the CC BY 4.0 license. Applications of the database include historical linguistics and comparative phonology Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds or, for sign languages, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-Linguistic Linked Data
The Cross-Linguistic Linked Data (CLLD) project coordinates over a dozen linguistics databases covering the languages of the world. It is hosted by the Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany (previously at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena). Databases and projects *''Glottolog'' *World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS) *World Loanword Database (WOLD) * Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (APICS) *Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP) *Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS) *Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English (eWAVE) *A world-wide survey of affix borrowing (AfBo) *South American Indigenous Language Structures Online (SAILS) *PHOIBLE *Tsammalex *Comparative Siouan Dictionary (CSD) * Concepticon *Dogon languages *Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications *Glottobank (includes Lexibank, Grambank, Phonobank, Parabank, Numeralbank) *' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Planck Institute For Evolutionary Anthropology
The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (german: Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie, shortened to MPI EVA) is a research institute based in Leipzig, Germany, that was founded in 1997. It is part of the Max Planck Society network. Well-known scientists currently based at the institute include founding director Svante Pääbo and Johannes Krause (genetics), Christophe Boesch (primatology), Jean-Jacques Hublin (human evolution), Richard McElreath ( evolutionary ecology), and Russell Gray (linguistic and cultural evolution). Departments The institute comprises six departments, several Research Groups, and The Leipzig School of Human Origins. Currently, approximately 375 people are employed at the institute. The former department of Linguistics, which existed from 1998 to 2015, was closed in May 2015, upon the retirement of its director, Bernard Comrie. The former department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology operated from 1998 to 2018 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chapacuran Languages
The Chapacuran languages are a nearly extinct Native American language family of South America. Almost all Chapacuran languages are extinct, and the four that are extant are moribund. They are spoken in Rondônia in the southern Amazon Basin of Brazil and in northern Bolivia. According to Kaufman (1990), the Chapacuran family could be related to the extinct Wamo language. Languages Angenot (1997) List of Chapacuran languages from Angenot (1997):Angenot, Geralda de Lima (1997). Fonotática e Fonologia do Lexema Protochapacura''. Dissertação do Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Rondônia. Spoken in Brazil: * Torá * Urupá * Jarú *Jamará *Oro Win *Wariʼ (Pakaas Novos) *Tapoaya *Kutiana *Matáwa (Matáma) * Kumana (Cautario) *Uomo *Urunamakan *Kujuna *Pawumwa- Wanyam *Abitana- Wanyam *Kabishi- Wanyam *Miguelenho- Wanyam Spoken in Bolivia: * Moré (Iten) * Muré *Itoreauhip * Rokorona *Herisobokono * Chapakura (Huachi, Tapakura) * Kitemoka (Kitemo) * Napeka (Nape) *Kusik ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Languages Of Colombia
More than 99.5% of Colombians speak the Spanish language; also 65 Amerindian languages, 2 Creole languages, the Portuguese language and the Romani language are spoken in the country. English has official status in the San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands. The overwhelming majority of Colombians speak Spanish (see also Colombian Spanish), but in total 101 languages are listed for Colombia in the Ethnologue database. The specific number of spoken languages varies slightly since some authors consider as different languages what others consider to be varieties or dialects of the same language. Best estimates recorded 71 languages that are spoken in-country today—most of which belong to the Chibchan, Tucanoan, Bora–Witoto, Guajiboan, Arawakan, Cariban, Barbacoan, and Saliban language families. There are currently about 850,000 speakers of native languages. Sixty-five indigenous languages that exist today can be regrouped into 12 language families and 10 language ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karu Language
Karu, one of several languages called Baniwa (Baniva), or in older sources ''Itayaine (Iyaine)'', is an Arawakan language spoken in Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonas, Brazil. It forms a subgroup with the Tariana, Piapoco, Resígaro and Guarequena languages. There are 10,000 speakers. Varieties Aikhenvald (1999) considers the three main varieties to be dialects; Kaufman (1994) considers them to be distinct languages, in a group he calls "Karu". They are: *Baniwa of Içana (''Baniua do Içana'') *Curripaco (Kurripako, Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako) *Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Catapolitani, Kadaupuritana) Various of all three are called ''tapuya'', a Brazilian Portuguese and Nheengatu word for non-Tupi/non-Guarani Indigenous peoples of Brazil (from a Tupi word meaning "enemy, barbarian"). All are spoken by the Baniwa people. Ruhlen lists all as "Izaneni"; Greenberg's ''Adzánani'' (= Izaneni) presumably belongs here. Ramirez (2020) gives the following classificat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arawakan Languages
Arawakan (''Arahuacan, Maipuran Arawakan, "mainstream" Arawakan, Arawakan proper''), also known as Maipurean (also ''Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúre''), is a language family that developed among ancient indigenous peoples in South America. Branches migrated to Central America and the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, including what is now the Bahamas. Almost all present-day South American countries are known to have been home to speakers of Arawakan languages, the exceptions being Ecuador, Uruguay, and Chile. Maipurean may be related to other language families in a hypothetical Macro-Arawakan stock. Name The name ''Maipure'' was given to the family by Filippo S. Gilij in 1782, after the Maipure language of Venezuela, which he used as a basis of his comparisons. It was renamed after the culturally more important Arawak language a century later. The term ''Arawak'' took over, until its use was extended by North American scholars to the broader Macro-Arawakan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhuang Languages
The Zhuang languages (; autonym: , pre-1982: , Sawndip: 話僮, from ''vah'', 'language' and ''Cuengh'', 'Zhuang'; ) are any of more than a dozen Tai languages spoken by the Zhuang people of Southern China in the province of Guangxi and adjacent parts of Yunnan and Guangdong. The Zhuang languages do not form a monophyletic linguistic unit, as northern and southern Zhuang languages are more closely related to other Tai languages than to each other. Northern Zhuang languages form a dialect continuum with Northern Tai varieties across the provincial border in Guizhou, which are designated as Bouyei, whereas Southern Zhuang languages form another dialect continuum with Central Tai varieties such as Nung, Tay and Caolan in Vietnam. Standard Zhuang is based on the Northern Zhuang dialect of Wuming. The Tai languages are believed to have been originally spoken in what is now southern China, with speakers of the Southwestern Tai languages (which include Thai, Lao and Shan) having ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loloish Languages
The Loloish languages, also known as Yi in China and occasionally Ngwi or Nisoic, are a family of fifty to a hundred Sino-Tibetan languages spoken primarily in the Yunnan province of China. They are most closely related to Burmese and its relatives. Both the Loloish and Burmish branches are well defined, as is their superior node, Lolo-Burmese. However, subclassification is more contentious. SIL Ethnologue (2013 edition) estimated a total number of 9 million native speakers of Ngwi languages, the largest group being the speakers of Nuosu (Northern Yi) at 2 million speakers (2000 PRC census). Names ''Loloish'' is the traditional name for the family. Some publications avoid the term under the misapprehension that ''Lolo'' is pejorative, but it is the Chinese rendition of the autonym of the Yi people and is pejorative only when it is written with a particular Chinese character (one that uses a beast, rather than a human, radical), a practice that was prohibited by the Chinese g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sui Language
The Sui language () is a Kam–Sui language spoken by the Sui people of Guizhou province in China. According to Ethnologue, it was spoken by around 300,000 people in 2007. Sui is also unique for its rich inventory of consonants, with the Sandong (三洞) dialect having as many as 70 consonants. The language also has its own script, known as "Shuishu" (水書) in Chinese, which is used for ritual purposes. Some regionally atypical features of the Sui language include voiceless nasals (''hm, hn''), palatal stops, postvelar stops, prenasalized stops (''mb, nd''), and pre-glottalized stops and nasals (i.e. '). Dialects China The Sui language is divided into three dialects with minor differences (Wei & Edmondson 2008).Wei, James, and Jerold A. Edmondson (2008). "Sui." In Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008. *Sandong 三洞, spoken by 90% of Sui speakers. **Sandu Shui Aut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Purus Languages
The Piro languages, a.k.a. Purus, or in Aikhenvald South-Western Arawak, are Arawakan languages of the Peruvian and western Brazilian Amazon. Languages Kaufman (1994) gives the following breakdown: * Piro (Yine, Machinere) * Iñapari * Kanamaré ''(†)'' * Apurinã * Mashco Piro The Mashco-Piro or Mascho Piro, also known as the Cujareño people and Nomole, are an indigenous tribe of nomadic hunter-gatherers who inhabit the remote regions of the Amazon rainforest. They live in Manú National Park in the Madre de Dios Re ... a.k.a. Cujareño. Kaufman had considered the last to be a dialect of Piro; Aikhenvald suggests it may have been a dialect of Iñapari. Further reading *Brandão, Ana Paula; Sidi Facundes. Estudos comparativos do léxico da fauna e flora Aruák. ''Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi''. Ciências humanas, Belém, v. 2, n. 2, p. 133–168, May/Aug. 2007. *Facundes, Sidney da Silva. ''The language of the Apurinã people of Brazil (Arawak)''. Doctora ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo-European Languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch, and Spanish, have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several continents. The Indo-European family is divided into several branches or sub-families, of which there are eight groups with languages still alive today: Albanian, Armenian, Balto-Slavic, Celtic, Germanic, Hellenic, Indo-Iranian, and Italic; and another nine subdivisions that are now extinct. Today, the individual Indo-European languages with the most native speakers are English, Hindi–Urdu, Spanish, Bengali, French, Russian, Portuguese, German, and Punjabi, each with over 100 million native speakers; many others are small and in danger of extinction. In total, 46% of the world's population (3.2 billion people) speaks an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkic Languages
The Turkic languages are a language family of over 35 documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia (Siberia), and Western Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto-Turkic is thought to have been spoken, from where they expanded to Central Asia and farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The Turkic language with the greatest number of speakers is Turkish language, Turkish, spoken mainly in Anatolia and the Balkans; its native speakers account for about 38% of all Turkic speakers. Characteristic features such as vowel harmony, agglutination, subject-object-verb order, and lack of grammatical gender, are almost universal within the Turkic family. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility, upon mode ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
