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Lepidopyga
''Chrysuronia'' is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae. Taxonomy The genus ''Chrysuronia'' was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Bonaparte did not specify a type species but this was designated as the golden-tailed sapphire in 1855 by George Robert Gray. The genus name is a portmanteau of the specific names of two synonyms of the golden-tailed sapphire: ''Ornismya chrysura'' Lesson, R, 1832 and ''Ornismia oenone'' Lesson, 1832. This genus formerly included only a single species, the golden-tailed sapphire. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genera '' Amazilia'' and ''Lepidopyga'' were polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapphire-throated Hummingbird
The sapphire-throated hummingbird (''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis'') is a shiny metallic-green hummingbird found in Panama, Colombia, and more recently Costa Rica. The sapphire-throated hummingbird is separated into three subspecies; ''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis coeruleogularis'', ''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis coelina'', and ''Chrysuronia coeruleogularis conifis''. Measuring , this hummingbird sports a distinctively forked tail, which helps to distinguish it from other similarly sized and colored hummingbirds. The male is metallic green overall, with a violet-blue throat and dark tail. The female has entirely white underparts from throat to vent and distinctive green spots along the sides of the breast. Due to its large home range and adaptability to habitat change, the sapphire-throated hummingbird is listed as a species of least concern by the IUCN Red List. It prefers to live in mangroves, scrubs, and light forests, however is able to adapt if need be. Taxonomy The sapphir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chrysuronia
''Chrysuronia'' is a genus of hummingbirds in the family Trochilidae. Taxonomy The genus ''Chrysuronia'' was introduced in 1850 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte. Bonaparte did not specify a type species but this was designated as the golden-tailed sapphire in 1855 by George Robert Gray. The genus name is a portmanteau of the specific names of two synonyms of the golden-tailed sapphire: ''Ornismya chrysura'' Lesson, R, 1832 and ''Ornismia oenone'' Lesson, 1832. This genus formerly included only a single species, the golden-tailed sapphire. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that the genera ''Amazilia'' and ''Lepidopyga'' were polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, ''Chrysuronia'' was broadened to include species that had previous been placed in ''Amazilia'', ''Hylocharis'' and ''Lepidopyga''. The genus now contains nine species: * Shining-green hummingbird (''Chrysuronia goudoti'') – formerly in ''Lepidop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sapphire-bellied Hummingbird
The sapphire-bellied hummingbird (''Chrysuronia lilliae'') is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The sapphire-bellied hummingbird was formerly placed in the genera ''Lepidopyga'' and ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that both genera were polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the sapphire-bellied hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shining-green Hummingbird
The shining-green hummingbird (''Chrysuronia goudoti'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The shining-green hummingbird was formerly placed in the genus ''Lepidopyga''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Lepidopyga'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the shining-green hummingbird was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Golden-tailed Sapphire
The golden-tailed sapphire (''Chrysuronia oenone'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The golden-tailed sapphire was formerly placed in the genus ''Amazilia''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the golden-tailed sapphire was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia''.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyletic
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have tak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bird Genera
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves (), characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the bee hummingbird to the ostrich. There are about ten thousand living species, more than half of which are passerine, or "perching" birds. Birds have whose development varies according to species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moa and elephant birds. Wings, which are modified forelimbs, gave birds the ability to fly, although further evolution has led to the loss of flight in some birds, including ratites, penguins, and diverse endemic island species. The digestive and respiratory systems of birds are also uniquely adapted for flight. Some bird species of aquatic environments, particularly seabirds and some waterbirds, have further evolved for swimming. Bi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plain-bellied Emerald
The plain-bellied emerald (''Chrysuronia leucogaster'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Brazil, the Guianas, and Venezuela.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The plain-bellied emerald was formally described in 1788 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the other hummingbirds in the genus ''Trochilus'' and coined the binomial name ''Trochilus leucogaster''. The species had been described and illustrated by the French naturalists Mathurin Jacques Brisson in 1760 and Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon in 1779. Gmelin did ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-chested Emerald
The white-chested emerald (''Chrysuronia brevirostris'') is a hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Brazil, the Guianas, Trinidad, and Venezuela.HBW and BirdLife International (2021) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 6. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v6_Dec21.zip retrieved August 7, 2022 Taxonomy and systematics The white-chested emerald's taxonomic history is complex. The species was previously known in succession as ''Amazilia chionopectus'', ''Agyrtria brevirostris'', and ''Amazilia brevirostris''. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that ''Amazilia'' was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-chested emerald was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia''.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue-headed Sapphire
The blue-headed sapphire or Gray's hummingbird (''Chrysuronia grayi'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics The blue-headed sapphire was formerly placed in the genera ''Hylocharis'' and ''Amazilia''. It was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia'' based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021 However, BirdLife International's ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' (HBW) retains it in ''Amazilia''. The blue-headed sapphire is monotypic. However, at one time what is now Humboldt's sapphire (''C. humboldtii'') was treated as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Humboldt's Sapphire
Humboldt's sapphire or Humboldt's hummingbird (''Chrysuronia humboldtii'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics Humboldt's sapphire was formerly placed in the genera ''Hylocharis'' and ''Amazilia''. It was moved by most taxonomic systems to ''Chrysuronia'' based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014.Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, S. M. Billerman, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2021. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2021. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ Retrieved August 25, 2021 However, BirdLife International's ''Handbook of the Birds of the World'' (HBW) retains it in ''Amazilia''. At one time the species was treated as a subspecies of the blue-headed hummingbird (''C. grayi''). Humboldt's sapphire is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Versicolored Emerald
The versicoloured emerald (''Chrysuronia versicolor'') is a species of hummingbird from central and eastern South America. Taxonomy The taxonomy is very complex and remains a matter of dispute. The nominate subspecies (''C. v. versicolor'') occurs in two main morphs; a white-throated coastal type and a green/turquoise-throated inland type.Weller, A. A. (1999). Versicolored Emerald (''Chrysuronia versicolor''). Pp. 597 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. eds (1999). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World.'' Vol. 5. Bar-owls to Hummingbirds. Lyxn Edicions, Barcelona. At some localities individuals with intermediate features are commonly seen, but at others the two morphs seemingly co-occur without signs of intergradation. The coastal morph was formerly known as ''C. brevirostris'', but a review lead to this name being considered to belong to the white-chested emerald of northern South America. Recently, it has been suggested that the coastal type should remain as ''C. bre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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