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Leopold Averbakh
Leopold Leonidovich Averbakh (Russian: Леопо́льд Леони́дович Аверба́х; 8 March, 1903 Saratov – 14 August, 1937, Moscow) was a Soviet literary critic, who was the head of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP) in the 1920s and the most prominent member of a group of communist literary critics who argued that the Bolshevik Revolution, carried out in 1917 in the name of Russia's industrial working class, should be followed by a cultural revolution, in which 'bourgeois' literature would be supplanted by literature written by and for the proletariat. Averbakh was a powerful figure in Russian cultural circles until Joseph Stalin ordered RAPP to cease its activities, in 1932. Family and early career Leopold Averbakh was born to Jewish parents in 1903 in Saratov, though most of his family links were in Nizhny Novgorod. His father Leonid owned a small steamship on the Volga. Aged only 14 at the time of the Bolshevik revolution, Leopold had ex ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Averbakh Bol'shevistskaia 00493 N2
Averbakh is a Russian-language surname of Yiddish origin. People with that name include: * Ilya Averbakh (1934–1986), Soviet film director * Leopold Averbakh (1903–1937), Soviet communist literary critic * Mikhail Averbakh (1872–1944), Russian and Soviet ophthalmologist * Yuri Averbakh Yuri Lvovich Averbakh (russian: Ю́рий Льво́вич Аверба́х; 8 February 1922 – 7 May 2022) was a Russian chess grandmaster and author. He was chairman of the USSR Chess Federation from 1973 to 1978. He was the first centenaria ... (1922–2022), Soviet and Russian chess player and author See also * * Averbuch {{surname Surnames of Jewish origin Russian-language surnames ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illarion Mgeladze
Illarion Vissarionovich Mgeladze (Georgian: ილარიონ ბესარიონის ძე მგელაძე; 1890, Lanchkhuti – 27 July, 1941) (pseudonym - Ilya Vardin ) was a Georgian Marxist revolutionary, writer, literary critic and journalist active in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party and later the Soviet Union. Early Career Mgeladze was born in Georgia. His family were peasants. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1906. In 1910 he was a member of the Moscow Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP). Later he moved to Saratov, where he edited the newspaper ''Sotsial-Demokrat''. He moved to Moscow after the October Revolution, and served as a political commissar with the First Cavalry Army during the civil war. In 1920, he was a member of the bureau of the Kyiv Provincial Communist Party Committee, then later worked for the press of the Central Committee. Literary Career Using his literary pseudonym, Ilya Vardin, Mgeladze was a fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vyacheslav Molotov
Vyacheslav Mikhaylovich Molotov. ; (;. 9 March Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates">O._S._25_February.html" ;"title="Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S. 25 February">Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates.html" ;"title="nowiki/>Old Style and New Style dates">O. S. 25 February1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Russian politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s onward. He served as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars from 1930 to 1941 and as Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Soviet Union), Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1939 to 1949 and from 1953 to 1956. During the 1930s, he ranked second in the Soviet leadership, after Joseph Stalin, whom he supported loyally for over 30 years, and whose reputation he continued to defend after Stalin's death, having himself been deeply implicated in the worst atrocities of the Stalin years – the forced collectivisation of agriculture in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pyotr Pavlenko
Pyotr Andreyevich Pavlenko (russian: Пётр Андре́евич Павле́нко; 11 July 1899 – 16 June 1951), was a Soviet and Russian writer, screenwriter and war correspondent. Recipient of four Stalin Prizes. Biography Early life Pavlenko was born in Saint Petersburg where his father was an office worker. Pavlenko studied at the Baku Polytechnic in 1919/20. In 1920 he began political work in the Red Army and continued this work later in Transcaucasia. Career He was part of the Soviet trade delegation in Turkey from 1924 to 1927. Pavlenko began publishing his works in 1928. His first short stories and essays, among them the collections ''Asian Stories'' (1929) and ''Istanbul and Turkey'' (1930), dealt with the non-Soviet East.The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979) Pavlenko's travels in the Soviet East in the early 1930s furnished him with material for reevaluating and overcoming the heritage of oriental romanticism, a literary manner characteristic of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nikolai Tikhonov (writer)
Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov (russian: link=no, Никола́й Семёнович Ти́хонов; – 8 February 1979) was a Soviet writer and member of the Serapion Brothers literary group. Biography Born of parents who were petty tradesmen of serf descent, Tikhonov trained as a clerk, graduating from the Petersburg School of Commerce in 1911. He volunteered for the Imperial Russian Army at the outbreak of World War I and served in a hussar regiment; he entered the Red Army in 1918, fought in the Russian Civil War, and was demobilized in 1922. He began writing poetry early; his first collection, ''Orda'' (''The Horde'', 1922), "shows startling maturity" and "contains most of the few short poems which have made him famous." After 1922 he devoted himself to traveling and writing, and his later work, both verse (the collection ''Ten' druga'', or ''The Shadow of a Friend'', 1936) and prose (many adventure stories and the novel ''Voina'', or ''War'', 1931) reflects his delight in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Osip Mandelstam
Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam ( rus, Осип Эмильевич Мандельштам, p=ˈosʲɪp ɨˈmʲilʲjɪvʲɪtɕ mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam; – 27 December 1938) was a Russian and Soviet poet. He was one of the foremost members of the Acmeist school. Osip Mandelstam was arrested during the repression of the 1930s and sent into internal exile with his wife, Nadezhda Mandelstam. Given a reprieve of sorts, they moved to Voronezh in southwestern Russia. In 1938 Mandelstam was arrested again and sentenced to five years in a corrective-labour camp in the Soviet Far East. He died that year at a transit camp near Vladivostok. Life and work Mandelstam was born on 14 January 1891 in Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire to a wealthy Polish-Jewish family. His father, a leather merchant by trade, was able to receive a dispensation freeing the family from the Pale of Settlement. Soon after Osip's birth, they moved to Saint Petersburg. In 1900, Mandelstam entered the prestigious Ten ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nadezhda Mandelstam
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelstam ( rus, Надежда Яковлевна Мандельштам, p=nɐˈdʲeʐdə ˈjakəvlʲɪvnə mənʲdʲɪlʲˈʂtam, , Хазина; 29 December 1980) was a Russian Jewish writer and educator, and the wife of the poet Osip Mandelstam who died in 1938 in a transit camp to the ''gulag'' of Siberia. She wrote two memoirs about their lives together and the repressive Stalinist regime: '' Hope Against Hope'' (1970) and '' Hope Abandoned'' (1974), both first published in the West in English, translated by Max Hayward. Of these books the critic Clive James wrote, "''Hope Against Hope'' puts her at the centre of the liberal resistance under the Soviet Union. A masterpiece of prose as well as a model of biographical narrative and social analysis it is mainly the story of the terrible last years of persecution and torment before the poet er husband Osipwas murdered. The sequel, ''Hope Abandoned'', is about the author's personal fate, and is in some ways ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Platonov
Andrei Platonov (russian: Андре́й Плато́нов, ; – 5 January 1951) was the pen name of Andrei Platonovich Klimentov (russian: Андре́й Плато́нович Климе́нтов), a Soviet Union, Soviet Russian people, Russian writer, philosopher, playwright, and poet. Although Platonov regarded himself as a Communism, communist, his principal works remained unpublished in his lifetime because of their skeptical attitude toward Collectivisation in the USSR, collectivization of agriculture (1929–1940) and other Stalinism, Stalinist policies, as well as for their Experimental literature, experimental, avant-garde form. His famous works include the novels ' (1928) and ''The Foundation Pit '' (1930). The short story collection ''The Fierce and Beautiful World'' was published in 1970 with an introduction by Yevgeny Yevtushenko and became Platonov's first book in English. During 1970s, Ardis Publishers, Ardis published translations of his major works, such as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Krasnaya Nov
''Krasnaya Nov'' (russian: Красная новь, lit='Red Virgin Soil') was a Soviet monthly literary magazine. History ''Krasnaya Nov'', the first Soviet "thick" literary magazine, was established in June 1921. In its first 7 years, under editor-in-chief Alexander Voronsky, it reached a circulation of 15,000 copies, publishing works of the leading Soviet authors, including Maxim Gorky, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Sergey Yesenin, as well as essays on politics, economics, and science by authors like Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 19 ..., Ivan Skvortsov-Stepanov, Stepanov-Skvortsov, Nikolai Bukharin, Bukharin, Mikhail Frunze, Frunze and Karl Radek, Radek, among others. In 1927, Voronsky was condemned as a Trotskyism, Trotskyist and fired. He was replaced first by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aleksandr Voronsky
Aleksandr Konstantinovich Voronsky (russian: Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Воро́нский) ( – 13 August 1937) was a prominent humanist Marxist literary critic, theorist and editor of the 1920s, disfavored and purged in 1937 for his work with the Left Opposition and Leon Trotsky during and after the October Revolution. Voronsky's writings were hidden away in the Soviet Union, until his autobiography, ''Waters of Life and Death'', and anthology, ''Art as the Cognition of Life'' were translated and published in English. Early life Voronsky was born in the village of Khoroshavka in Tambov Governorate; his father was the village priest, Konstantin Osipovich Voronsky, who died when Aleksandr was a few years old. After attending a Tambov religious school, in 1900 he enrolled in the Tambov Seminary, where he helped organize an illegal library for the seminary students. In 1904 he joined the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boris Pilnyak
Boris Andreyevich Pilnyak (''né'' Vogau russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Пильня́к; – April 21, 1938) was a Russian and Soviet writer who was executed by the Soviet Union on false claims of plotting to kill Joseph Stalin and Nikolay Yezhov. Biography He was born Boris Andreyevich Vogau (russian: Бори́с Андре́евич Вога́у) in Mozhaysk. His father was a doctor, descended from German farmers who settled on the banks of the Volga during the reign of Catherine the Great. His mother came from an old merchant family from Saratov. Boris first became interested in writing at the age of nine. Among his early influences were Andrei Bely, Aleksey Remizov, and Yevgeny Zamyatin. Pilnyak achieved fame very quickly at the age of 25 through his novel '' The Naked Year'' (Голый год, 1922; translated into English 1928), one of the first fictional accounts of the Russian civil war. He was a major supporter of anti-urbanism and a critic of mechanized ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yevgeny Zamyatin
Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin ( rus, Евге́ний Ива́нович Замя́тин, p=jɪvˈɡʲenʲɪj ɪˈvanəvʲɪtɕ zɐˈmʲætʲɪn; – 10 March 1937), sometimes anglicized as Eugene Zamyatin, was a Russian author of science fiction, philosophy, literary criticism, and political satire. Despite being the son of a Russian Orthodox priest, Zamyatin lost his faith in Christianity at an early age and became a Bolshevik. As a member of his Party's Pre-Revolutionary underground, Zamyatin was repeatedly arrested, beaten, imprisoned, and exiled. However, Zamyatin was just as deeply disturbed by the policies pursued by the All-Union Communist Party (b) (VKP (b) following the October Revolution as he had been by the Tsarist policy of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. Due to his subsequent use of literature to both satirize and criticize the Soviet Union's enforced conformity and increasing totalitarianism, Zamyatin, whom Mirra Ginsburg has dubbed "a man of incorruptib ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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