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Lenus Mars
Lenus ( grc, Ληνός) was a Celtic healing god worshipped mainly in eastern Gaul, where he was almost always identified with the Roman god Mars. Name The theonym ''Lenos'' may derive from a stem ''lēno''-, which could mean 'wood, bocage' (cf. Welsh ''llwyn'' 'bush, grave, shrub'). Cult He was an important god of the Treveri tribe, who had large sanctuaries at medicinal springs at Trier and the Martberg by Pommern in what is now Germany. Two dedications to him are also known from southwestern Britain (Chedworth and Caerwent). Edith Wightman characterizes him as “one of the best examples of a Teutates, or god of the people, equated with Mars—protector of the tribe in battle, but also ..bestower of health and general good fortune” (p. 211).Edith Mary Wightman (1970). ''Roman Trier and the Treveri.'' Rupert Hart-Davis, London. His sanctuary ‘Am Irminenwingert’ at Trier had a large temple, baths, smaller shrines and a theatre; that on the Martberg also included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancamna
In Gallo-Roman religion, Ancamna was a goddess worshipped particularly in the valley of the river Moselle. She was commemorated at Trier and Ripsdorf as the consort of Lenus Mars, and at Möhn as the consort of Mars Smertulitanus.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl. 2001. ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Editions Errance, Paris. pp.14, 21. At Trier, altars were set up in honour of Lenus Mars, Ancamna and the '' genii'' of various '' pagi'' of the Treveri, giving the impression of Lenus Mars and Ancamna as tribal protectors honoured in an officially organized cult.Two such surviving inscriptions were published in Finke (1927) "Neue Inschriften," ''Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission'' 17: inscriptions 12 and 13. Among the few statuettes left as votive offerings at the sanctuary of Mars Smertulitanus and Ancamna at Möhn is one of a '' genius cucullatus'' like those offered to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaulish Gods
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire. In the narrow sense, Gaulish was the language of the Celts of Gaul (now France, Luxembourg, Belgium, most of Switzerland, Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine). In a wider sense, it also comprises varieties of Celtic that were spoken across much of central Europe (" Noric"), parts of the Balkans, and Anatolia (" Galatian"), which are thought to have been closely related. The more divergent Lepontic of Northern Italy has also sometimes been subsumed under Gaulish. Together with Lepontic and the Celtiberian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula, Gaulish helps form the geographic group of Continental Celtic languages. The precise linguistic relationships among them, as well as between them and the modern Insular Celtic languages, are uncertain and a matter of ongoing debate because of their sparse att ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Augustus (honorific)
''Augustus'' (plural ''Augusti''; , ; "majestic", "great" or "venerable") was an ancient Roman title given as both name and title to Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (often referred to simply as Augustus), Rome's first Emperor. On his death, it became an official title of his successor, and was so used by Roman emperors thereafter. The feminine form '' Augusta'' was used for Roman empresses and other female members of the Imperial family. The masculine and feminine forms originated in the time of the Roman Republic, in connection with things considered divine or sacred in traditional Roman religion. Their use as titles for major and minor Roman deities of the Empire associated the Imperial system and Imperial family with traditional Roman virtues and the divine will, and may be considered a feature of the Roman Imperial cult. In Rome's Greek-speaking provinces, "Augustus" was translated as ''Sebastos'' (Σεβαστός, "venerable"), or Hellenised as ''Augoustos'' (); these titl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Numina
Numen (plural numina) is a Latin term for "divinity", "divine presence", or "divine will." The Latin authors defined it as follows:For a more extensive account, refer to Cicero writes of a "divine mind" (''divina mens''), a god "whose numen everything obeys," and a "divine power" (''vis divina'') "which pervades the lives of men." It causes the motions and cries of birds during augury. In Virgil's recounting of the blinding of the one-eyed giant, Polyphemus, from the Odyssey, in his Aeneid, he has Odysseus and his men first "ask for the assistance of the great numina" (''magna precati numina''). Reviewing public opinion of Augustus on the day of his funeral, the historian Tacitus reports that some thought "no honor was left to the gods" when he "established the cult of himself" (''se ... coli vellet'') "with temples and the effigies of numina" (''effigie numinum''). Pliny the younger in a letter to Paternus raves about the "power," the "dignity," and "the majesty;" in short, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ocelus
Ocelus is a Celtic god known from three inscriptions in Roman Britain. He is twice invoked on dedications at Caerwent: one stone is the base of a statue of which only a pair of human feet and a pair of goose feet survive. The invocation is to Mars Lenus or Ocelus Vellaunus and the "numen" (spirit) of the emperor, and was dedicated on 23 August AD 152. The second Caerwent inscription dedicates an altar to Mars Ocelus. The god was also venerated at Carlisle, where he was once more equated with Mars and again linked to the imperial cult. So Ocelus seems to have been a British, perhaps Silurian god, associated with Mars, probably in the latter's Celtic capacity as a protector. At Caerwent he is linked with Lenus, a Treveran healing deity, and with Vellaunus, who is recorded among the Gaulish Allobroges The Allobroges (Gaulish: *''Allobrogis'', 'foreigner, exiled'; grc, Ἀλλοβρίγων, Ἀλλόβριγες) were a Gallic people dwelling in a large territory between the Rhône ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Loucetios
In Gallo-Roman religion, Loucetios (Latinized as Leucetius) was a Gallic god known from the Rhine-Moselle region, where he was identified with the Roman Mars. Scholars have interpreted his name to mean ‘lightning’. Mars Loucetius was worshipped alongside the goddess Nemetona. Name and etymology The name ''Loucetios'' derives from a Celtic stem *''lowk-et''-, meaning 'flash of lightning, thunderbolt' (cf. Old Irich ''lóchet''), itself from the root *''lowk''- ('bright, light'; cf. Middle Irish ''luach'' 'glowing light', Middle Welsh ''llug'' 'eyesight, perception'). It is the source of the place name ''Luzech'', attested as ''Luzechium'' in 1326 CE. The name may be a reference to either a Celtic common metaphor for battles as thunderstorms (cf. Old Irish ''torannchless'', the 'thunder feat'), or else the divine aura of the hero (the ''lúan'' of Cú Chulainn). It is presumably analogous to Oscan ''Loucetius'' ‘light-bringer’, an epithet of Jupiter. Inscriptions and sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camulos
Camulus or Camulos is a Celtic deity who was identified with Mars via ''interpretatio romana''. Camulus was an important god of Roman Britain and Gaul, especially among the Belgae and the Remi, a Gaulish people living in the region that is now modern Grand Est around Reims. Name The etymology of the name is uncertain. It has been compared with the Old Irish ''cumall'', meaning 'champion'. Attestations Evidence of Camulus' popularity can be seen in several place-names, notably Camulodunum. Camulus is named in combination with Mars in inscriptions coming from Reims, Arlon, Kruishoutem, Rindern, Mainz, Bar Hill Fort near the Antonine Wall, Sarmizegetusa, and Southwark, London. The town Camulodunum (now Colchester) in Essex may have been named after him (and is the conjectured basis for the legendary city of Camelot). Camulodunum is a Latinised form of the Brittonic ''Camulodūnon'' from ''Camulos'' plus '' dūnon'' "(hill)fort, stronghold", a reference to the town's extensiv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intarabus
Intarabus was a Gallo-Roman religion, Gaulish god in the pantheon of the Treveri and some neighbouring peoples. His name is known from nine inscriptions from a relatively compact area in what are now Belgium, Luxembourg, western Germany and eastern France.Nicole Jufer & Thierry Luginbühl (2001). ''Les dieux gaulois : répertoire des noms de divinités celtiques connus par l'épigraphie, les textes antiques et la toponymie.'' Paris: Editions Errance. . He may have been the tutelary deity of one of the three ''pagus, pagi'' (subdivisions) of the Treveri. In most cases, Intarabus is invoked alone – without any interpretatio Romana, synthesis to a Roman deity, and without accompanying female deities. However, one inscription invokes him as ''Mars (mythology), Mars Intarabus,'' noting that a ''fanum'' and ''wikt:simulacrum, simulacrum'' of this god had been restored at Trier. Meanwhile, another inscription from :fr:Mackwiller, Mackwiller in Alsace gives Intarabus the epithet ''Narius' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iovantucarus
Mars Iovantucarus was a Celtic god who was associated with the Treveran healer-god Lenus Mars at his sanctuary at Trier. The name reflects the deity's function as a protector of youth, and the temple was visited by pilgrims who often brought with them images of children, often depicting as holding pet birds as offerings to the god. At Tholey, also in Treveran territory, ‘Iovantucarus’ was also used as an epithet of Mercury Mercury commonly refers to: * Mercury (planet), the nearest planet to the Sun * Mercury (element), a metallic chemical element with the symbol Hg * Mercury (mythology), a Roman god Mercury or The Mercury may also refer to: Companies * Merc ....Miranda Green (1997). ''Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend.'' Thames and Hudson Ltd. London. References {{celt-myth-stub Gaulish gods Health gods Childhood gods Treveri Mercurian deities Martian deities ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inciona
Inciona is a little-known Celtic goddess of the Treveran region. Her name is recorded as one of a pair of deities on two votive inscriptions from Luxembourg. On the large stone slab from Mensdorf on the Widdebierg, pictured at right, she is invoked along with the god Veraudunus and in honour of the imperial family in fulfilment of a vow made by Marcus Pl(autius?) Restitutus' mother Alpinia Lucana.Musée d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg. 1974. ''Pierres sculptées et inscriptions de l'époque romaine'', catalogued by Eugénie Wilhelm, p.71. The second inscription, a small bronze votive plaque from Kaul in Luxembourg, reads: : EO MAR Ibr>VERAVDVN(O) ETINCIONE MI TIVS PRISCINVS EX VOT(O) If the letters NO MAR can be restored as ''Leno Marti'', then Inciona is here invoked alongside Lenus Mars Veraudunus Veraudunus is the name of a Celtic god known only from two votive inscriptions found in Luxembourg. One of these inscriptions suggests that ‘Veraudunus’ may have been an epithet of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veraudunus
Veraudunus is the name of a Celtic god known only from two votive inscriptions found in Luxembourg. One of these inscriptions suggests that ‘Veraudunus’ may have been an epithet of the important Treveran god Lenus Mars. In both inscriptions, Veraudunus is invoked along with Inciona. On the large stone slab from Mensdorf on the Widdebierg, pictured at right, the god Veraudunus (DEO VERAVDVNO) and Inciona are invoked in honour of the imperial family in fulfilment of a vow made by Marcus Pl(autius?) Restitutus' mother Alpinia Lucana.Musée d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg. 1974. ''Pierres sculptées et inscriptions de l'époque romaine'', catalogued by Eugénie Wilhelm, p.71. The second inscription is a small bronze votive plaque from Kaul in Luxembourg, which reads: : EO MAR Ibr>VERAVDVN(O) ETINCION(A)E MI TIVS PRISCINVS EX VOT(O) If the letters NO MAR can be restored as ''Leno Marti'', then ‘Veraudunus’ appears to be an epithet of Lenus Mars, the tribal protector of the Trev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
