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Lemon Test
''Lemon v. Kurtzman'', 403 U.S. 602 (1971), was a case argued before the Supreme Court of the United States.. The court ruled in an 8–0 decision that Pennsylvania's Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Education Act (represented through David Kurtzman) from 1968 was unconstitutional and in an 8–1 decision that Rhode Island's 1969 Salary Supplement Act was unconstitutional, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment. The act allowed the Superintendent of Public Schools to reimburse private schools (mostly Catholic) for the salaries of teachers who taught in these private elementary schools from public textbooks and with public instructional materials. ''Lemon'' was a major precedent in federal and local courts until it was effectively overturned by ''Kennedy v. Bremerton School District'' in 2022. Lemon test The Court's decision in this case established the "''Lemon'' test" (named after the lead plaintiff Alton Lemon), which details legislation concerning religion. I ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alton J
Alton may refer to: People *Alton (given name) *Alton (surname) Places Australia *Alton National Park, Queensland *Alton, Queensland, a town in the Shire of Balonne Canada * Alton, Ontario * Alton, Nova Scotia New Zealand *Alton, New Zealand, in Taranaki United Kingdom *Alton, Derbyshire, England *Alton, Hampshire, England **Alton Abbey **Alton College *Alton, Leicestershire, England *Alton, Staffordshire, England **Alton Castle, presently a Catholic youth retreat centre **Alton Towers, theme park, formerly a country estate Alton Mansion *Alton, Wiltshire, England *Alton Estate, Roehampton, Greater London, England *Alton Water, a manmade reservoir in Suffolk United States *Alton, Alabama, an unincorporated community *Alton, California, an unincorporated community *Alton, Florida, an unincorporated community *Alton, Illinois, a city *Alton, Indiana, a town *Alton, Iowa, a city *Alton, Kansas, a city *Alton, Kentucky, an unincorporated community *Alton, Maine, a town *Alton Tow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wallace V
Wallace may refer to: People * Clan Wallace in Scotland * Wallace (given name) * Wallace (surname) * Wallace (footballer, born 1986), full name Wallace Fernando Pereira, Brazilian football left-back * Wallace (footballer, born 1987), full name Wallace Reis da Silva, Brazilian football centre-back * Wallace (footballer, born May 1994), full name Wallace Oliveira dos Santos, Brazilian football full-back * Wallace (footballer, born October 1994), full name Wallace Fortuna dos Santos, Brazilian football centre-back * Wallace (footballer, born 1998), full name Wallace Menezes dos Santos, Brazilian football midfielder Fictional characters * Wallace, from ''Wallace and Gromit ''Wallace & Gromit'' is a British stop-motion comedy franchise created by Nick Park of Aardman Animations. The series consists of four short films and one feature-length film, and has spawned numerous spin-offs and TV adaptations. The series c ...'' * Wallace (Pokémon), Wallace (''Pokémon'') * Wallace (Sin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Intelligent Design
Intelligent design (ID) is a pseudoscientific argument for the existence of God, presented by its proponents as "an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins". Numbers 2006, p. 373; " Dcaptured headlines for its bold attempt to rewrite the basic rules of science and its claim to have found indisputable evidence of a God-like being. Proponents, however, insisted it was 'not a religious-based idea, but instead an evidence-based scientific theory about life's origins – one that challenges strictly materialistic views of evolution.' Although the intellectual roots of the design argument go back centuries, its contemporary incarnation dates from the 1980s" Article available froUniversiteit Gent/ref> Proponents claim that "certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause, not an undirected process such as natural selection." * * ID is a form of creationism that lacks empirical support and offers no testable or tenable ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
