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Laxus
''Laxus'' is a genus of nematode worms from the subfamily Stilbonematinae of the family Desmodoridae. Like other members of this subfamily, they are covered by a layer of symbiotic Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasit ... sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, which in ''Laxus'' are coccoid in shape. They are distinguished from other stilbonematine genera by the finely-annulated somatic cuticle, thickened cephalic cuticle, small and coiled amphidial fovea, and lack of male structures. There are at least five species in the genus. References Chromadorea genera Chemosynthetic symbiosis {{Chromadorea-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stilbonematinae
Stilbonematinae is a subfamily of the nematode worm family Desmodoridae that is notable for its symbiosis with sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. Systematics Stilbonematinae Chitwood, 1936 belongs to the family Desmodoridae in the order Desmodorida. Nine genera have been described. * '' Adelphos'' Ott, 1997 * '' Catanema'' Cobb, 1920 * '' Centonema'' Leduc, 2013 * '' Eubostrichus'' Greeff, 1869 * '' Laxus'' Cobb, 1894 * '' Leptonemella'' Cobb, 1920 * '' Parabostrichus'' Tchesunov et al. 2012 * '' Robbea'' Gerlach, 1956 * '' Squanema'' Gerlach, 1963 * '' Stilbonema'' Cobb, 1920 Description Stilbonematines can be up to 10 mm long, with a club-like head. The worms are completely covered in a coat of ectosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria except for the anterior region. The presence of the bacteria, which often contain intracellular inclusions of elemental sulfur, gives the worms a bright white appearance under incident light. They have small mouths and buccal cavities, and shor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nematode
The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-Parasitism, parasitic nematodes also known as eelworms. They are a diverse animal phylum inhabiting a broad range of environments. Less formally, they are categorized as Helminths, but are taxonomically classified along with Arthropod, arthropods, Tardigrade, tardigrades and other moulting animalia, animals in the clade Ecdysozoa, and unlike platyhelminthe, flatworms, have tubular digestion, digestive systems with openings at both ends. Like tardigrades, they have a reduced number of Hox genes, but their sister phylum Nematomorpha has kept the ancestral protostome Hox genotype, which shows that the reduction has occurred within the nematode phylum. Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another. Consequently, estimates of the number of nematode species described to date vary by author and may change rapidly over ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromadorea
The Chromadorea are a class of the roundworm phylum, Nematoda. They contain a single subclass (Chromadoria) and several orders. With such a redundant arrangement, the Chromadoria are liable to be divided if the orders are found to form several clades, or abandoned if they are found to constitute a single radiation. Formerly, they were treated as a subclass in the paraphyletic "Adenophorea" assemblage, which has been mostly abandoned by modern authors. It is also suspected that the Chromadorea may not be monophyletic as delimited here; at least the Monhysterida seem to be a distinct and far more ancient lineage than the rest. Members of this class' bodies usually have annules, their amphids elaborate and spiral, and they all have three esophageal glands. They usually live in marine sediments, although they can live elsewhere. They have a more sophisticated pharynx than most roundworms. Members of this class can be identified by the presence of eight conserved signature indels (C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromadoria
The Chromadorea are a class of the roundworm phylum, Nematoda. They contain a single subclass (Chromadoria) and several orders. With such a redundant arrangement, the Chromadoria are liable to be divided if the orders are found to form several clades, or abandoned if they are found to constitute a single radiation. Formerly, they were treated as a subclass in the paraphyletic " Adenophorea" assemblage, which has been mostly abandoned by modern authors. It is also suspected that the Chromadorea may not be monophyletic as delimited here; at least the Monhysterida seem to be a distinct and far more ancient lineage than the rest. Members of this class' bodies usually have annules, their amphids elaborate and spiral, and they all have three esophageal glands. They usually live in marine sediments, although they can live elsewhere. They have a more sophisticated pharynx than most roundworms. Members of this class can be identified by the presence of eight conserved signature inde ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmodorida
Desmodorida is an order of nematodes belonging to the class Adenophorea. Families: * Ceramonematidae * Choniolaimidae * Chromadoridae * Comesomatidae * Cyatholaimidae * Desmodoridae * Draconematidae * Epsilonematidae * Etmolaimidae * Microlaimidae * Monoposthiidae * Richtersiidae * Selachinematidae Selachinematidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Desmodorida Desmodorida is an order of nematodes The nematodes ( or grc-gre, Νηματώδη; la, Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemat ... * Spiriniidae * Xennellidae References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4037243 Nematodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Desmodoridae
Desmodoridae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Desmodorida Desmodorida is an order of nematodes belonging to the class Adenophorea. Families: * Ceramonematidae * Choniolaimidae * Chromadoridae * Comesomatidae * Cyatholaimidae * Desmodoridae * Draconematidae * Epsilonematidae * Etmolaimidae * Microlaim .... Genera Genera: * '' Acanthopharyngoides'' Chitwood, 1936 * '' Acanthopharynx'' Marion, 1870 * '' Adelphos'' Ott, 1997 References {{Taxonbar, from=Q4143329 Nematodes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Symbiotic
Symbiosis (from Greek , , "living together", from , , "together", and , bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic. The organisms, each termed a symbiont, must be of different species. In 1879, Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms". The term was subject to a century-long debate about whether it should specifically denote mutualism, as in lichens. Biologists have now abandoned that restriction. Symbiosis can be obligatory, which means that one or more of the symbionts depend on each other for survival, or facultative (optional), when they can generally live independently. Symbiosis is also classified by physical attachment. When symbionts form a single body it is called conjunctive symbiosis, while all other arrangements are called disjunctive symbiosis."symbiosis." Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sulfur-oxidizing Bacteria
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe's ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles. Types All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles: 1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesizing cell mass:Morris, J. et al. (2019). "Biology: How Life Works", 3rd edition, W. H. Freeman. * autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide () * heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds * mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide 2. How the organism obtains reduci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chromadorea Genera
The Chromadorea are a class of the roundworm phylum, Nematoda. They contain a single subclass (Chromadoria) and several orders. With such a redundant arrangement, the Chromadoria are liable to be divided if the orders are found to form several clades, or abandoned if they are found to constitute a single radiation. Formerly, they were treated as a subclass in the paraphyletic "Adenophorea" assemblage, which has been mostly abandoned by modern authors. It is also suspected that the Chromadorea may not be monophyletic as delimited here; at least the Monhysterida seem to be a distinct and far more ancient lineage than the rest. Members of this class' bodies usually have annules, their amphids elaborate and spiral, and they all have three esophageal glands. They usually live in marine sediments, although they can live elsewhere. They have a more sophisticated pharynx than most roundworms. Members of this class can be identified by the presence of eight conserved signature indel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
