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Landheer
In the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), a Landheer (Dutch for 'landlord'; plural, Landheeren) was the lord or owner of a ''particuliere landerij'', a private domain in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the colony. Dutch jurists described the legal jurisdiction of a Landheer over his domain as ‘sovereign’ and comparable to that of the rulers of indirectly-ruled princely states in the Indies. By law, the Landheer possessed ''landsheerlijke rechten'' or ''hak-hak ketuanan'' eigniorial jurisdictionover the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government. The Landheer's country seat on his domain was called a '' Landhuis'' or ''Rumah Kongsi''. In this context, 'Kongsi' meant 'Lord' or 'his Lordship', and was a title used by the Chinese Landheeren, who were invariably scions of the Cabang Atas gentry. Legal and political jurisdiction The legal and political jurisdiction of a Landheer was regulated by a mixture of laws and c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particuliere Landerij
The ''particuliere landerijen'' or ''particuliere landen'' (Dutch for 'private domains'; singular ''particuliere landerij'' or ''particuliere land''), also called ''tanah partikelir'' in Indonesian, were landed domains in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the Java). Dutch jurists described these domains as ‘sovereign’ and of comparable legal status to indirectly-ruled ''Vorstenlanden'' rincely statesin the Indies subject to the Dutch Crown. The lord of such a domain was called a ''Landheer'' utch for 'landlord' and by law possessed ''landsheerlijke rechten'' or ''hak-hak ketuanan'' eigniorial jurisdictionover the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government. History The Dutch East India Company, which claimed to have succeeded to the rights of the ancient kings of Java, created and sold the earliest particuliere landen for the Company's high-ranking officials, compradors and allies between the 1620s and its bankrup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Particuliere Landerij
The ''particuliere landerijen'' or ''particuliere landen'' (Dutch for 'private domains'; singular ''particuliere landerij'' or ''particuliere land''), also called ''tanah partikelir'' in Indonesian, were landed domains in a feudal system of land tenure used in parts of the Java). Dutch jurists described these domains as ‘sovereign’ and of comparable legal status to indirectly-ruled ''Vorstenlanden'' rincely statesin the Indies subject to the Dutch Crown. The lord of such a domain was called a ''Landheer'' utch for 'landlord' and by law possessed ''landsheerlijke rechten'' or ''hak-hak ketuanan'' eigniorial jurisdictionover the inhabitants of his domain — jurisdiction exercised elsewhere by the central government. History The Dutch East India Company, which claimed to have succeeded to the rights of the ancient kings of Java, created and sold the earliest particuliere landen for the Company's high-ranking officials, compradors and allies between the 1620s and its bankrup ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lauw-Sim-Zecha Family
The Lauw-Sim-Zecha family is an Indonesian family of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies (colonial Indonesia). They came to prominence at the start of the nineteenth century as '' Pachters'' (revenue farmers), '' Landheeren'' (landlords) and ''Kapitan Cina'' (government-appointed Chinese headmen) in the colonial capital, Batavia (now Jakarta), and in the hill station of Sukabumi, West Java. The family is of mixed Peranakan Chinese and Indo-Bohemian descent. Following the Indonesian revolution (1945-1950) and revolutionary leader President Sukarno's nationalization of private assets, the family left Indonesia and is now based mostly overseas. Origin and rise Lauw Ho, the founding father of the family, was a prominent ''pachter'' or revenue farmer in Batavia between 1845 and 1861, as well as one of the city's wealthiest tycoons. He was also part of the powerful Ngo Ho Tjiang partnership that dominated the opium monopoly in Batavia. He served as '' Wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phoa Beng Gan
Phoa Beng Gan, Kapitein der Chinezen, also called Bingam or Phoa Bing Gam () in some early sources, was a Chinese-Indonesian bureaucrat and engineer, best known for his irrigation work in Batavia (now Jakarta, Indonesia). He served as the third ''Kapitein der Chinezen'' (or Chinese headman) of Batavia from 1645 to 1663, succeeding Kapitein Lim Lak Ko (). Appointment as Kapitein der Chinezen According to the historian Phoa Kian Sioe, the impetus for Phoa Beng Gan's appointment as Kapitein der Chinezen in 1645 came from the local Chinese community of Batavia. Only then was this appointment subsequently approved by Cornelis van der Lijn, the 10th Governor-General under the Dutch East India Company. Unlike his two predecessors, Kapitein Souw Beng Kong and Kapitein Lim Lak Ko, who were both wealthy merchant-mandarins, Phoa did not come from great wealth. As wealth was seen as an essential requirement for public office, the colonial authorities farmed out to Phoa the highly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pacht
The institution of the ''pacht'' or ''pacht-stelsel'' (revenue farm, pl. ''pachten'') was a system of tax farming in the Dutch Republic. In this system tax is not collected by the government, but by a private individual who has leased the right to collect the tax. In the Dutch Republic, for example, this was common practise for a long time, especially for indirect taxes. Each year, the highest bidder acquired the right to collect certain taxes; he paid a rent for this to the government, and all he collected more was for the tax tenant himself. The rationale behind this system was that by outsourcing taxation, local governments could exert less influence on collection. Also, a tenant would collect taxes more scrupulously, because it would personally benefit him. In practice, however, there was much dissatisfaction with the tax tenants, especially among the common man. After the Pachtersoproer of 1748, the system was largely abolished in the Republic. From then on, the tax was colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Couperus
Louis Marie-Anne Couperus (10 June 1863 – 16 July 1923) was a Dutch novelist and poet. His oeuvre contains a wide variety of genres: lyric poetry, psychological and historical novels, novellas, short stories, fairy tales, feuilletons and sketches. Couperus is considered to be one of the foremost figures in Dutch literature. In 1923, he was awarded the ''Tollensprijs'' (Tollens Prize). Couperus and his wife travelled extensively in Europe and Asia, and he later wrote several related travelogues which were published weekly. Youth Louis Marie-Anne Couperus was born on 10 June 1863 at Mauritskade 11 in The Hague, Netherlands, into a long-established, ''Indo'' family of the colonial landed gentry of the Dutch East Indies. He was the eleventh and youngest child of John Ricus Couperus (1816–1902), a prominent colonial administrator, lawyer and ''landheer'' or lord of the private domain ('' particuliere land'') of Tjikopo in Java, and Catharina Geertruida Reynst (1829–1893). T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Ricus Couperus
John Ricus Couperus (1816 – 1902) was a Dutch lawyer, member of the Council of Justice in Padang, member of the High Military Court of the Dutch East Indies and the ''landheer'' of Tjikopo. He was also the father of the Dutch writer Louis Couperus and knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion.'J.R. Couperus died' in the '''', October 14, 1902 – retrieved 31 January 2013 Biography Youth Born into the '''' landed gentry of the Indies on both sides of his family, Couperus ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indo People
The Indo people ( nl, Indische Nederlanders, or Indos) are Eurasian people living in or connected with Indonesia. In its narrowest sense, the term refers to people in the former Dutch East Indies who held European legal status but were of mixed Dutch and indigenous Indonesian descent as well as their descendants today. In the broadest sense, an Indo is anyone of mixed European and Indonesian descent. Indos are associated with colonial culture of the former Dutch East Indies, a Dutch colony in Southeast Asia and a predecessor to modern Indonesia after its proclamation of independence shortly after World War II. The term was used to describe people acknowledged to be of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, or it was a term used in the Dutch East Indies to apply to Europeans who had partial Asian ancestry. "Indos–people of Dutch descent who stayed in the new republic Indonesia after it gained independence, or who emigrated to Indonesia after 1949–are called 'Dutch-Indones ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacca
Malacca ( ms, Melaka) is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca. Its capital is Malacca City, dubbed the Historic City, which has been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 7 July 2008. The state is bordered by Negeri Sembilan to the north and west and Johor to the south. The exclave of Tanjung Tuan also borders Negeri Sembilan to the north. Its capital Malacca City is southeast of Malaysia's capital city Kuala Lumpur, northwest of Johor's largest city Johor Bahru and northwest of Johor's second largest city, Batu Pahat. Although it was the location of one of the earliest Malay sultanates, namely the Malacca Sultanate, the local monarchy was abolished when the Portuguese conquered it in 1511. The head of state is the ''Yang di-Pertua Negeri'' or Governor, rather than a Sultan. Malacca is noted for its unique history and it is one of the major tourist destinations in Malaysia. With a highly strategi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Officer
Kapitan Cina, also spelled Kapitan China or Capitan China ( en, Captain of the Chinese; ; nl, Kapitein der Chinezen), was a high-ranking government position in the civil administration of colonial Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Borneo and the Philippines. Office holders exercised varying degrees of power and influence: from near-sovereign political and legal jurisdiction over local Chinese communities, to ceremonial precedence for community leaders. Corresponding posts existed for other ethnic groups, such as Kapitan Arab and Kapitan Keling for the local Arab and Indian communities respectively. Pre-colonial origin The origin of the office, under various different native titles, goes back to court positions in the precolonial states of Southeast Asia, such as the Sultanates of Malacca in the Malay peninsula, the Sultanate of Banten in Java, and the Kingdom of Siam in mainland Southeast Asia.Ooi, Keat Gin. ''Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, From Angkor Wat to East ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Family Of Lasem
The Han family of Lasem, also called the Han family of East Java or Surabaya, was an influential family of the 'Cabang Atas' or the Chinese gentry of the Dutch East Indies (today known as Indonesia). They came to power in the Indies through their alliance with the Dutch East India Company in the 18th century. Originally from Lasem in Central Java, they figured prominently in the consolidation of Dutch rule in East Java and maintained a long tradition of government service as ''Kapitan Cina'' and ''priyayi'' in the Dutch colonial bureaucracy. Founding and history of the family The family is descended from Han Siong Kong (1673-1743), who migrated to Lasem from Zhangzhou, Fujian, Qing Empire; and from the 12th-century Chinese mandarin Han Hong. Their first attested ancestor, the 7th-century military leader Han Zhaode, was a general in the army of the warlord Chen Yuanguang (657–711) who pacified Fujian for the Tang dynasty. Two of Han Siong Kong's sons, by a daughter of the reg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jeremias Van Riemsdijk
Jeremias van Riemsdijk (18 October 1712 – 3 October 1777) was a Dutch colonial administrator who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1775 to 1777. Jeremias van Riemsdijk was born on 18 October 1712 in Utrecht, the son to Scipio van Riemsdijk, the minister of Bunnik near Houten, and Johanna Bogaert. He entered service with the Dutch East India Company as a sergeant left for the Indies, aboard the ''van de Proostwijk'', on 25 February 1735. Very shortly after his arrival in Batavia/Jakarta on 14 September 1735, he entered the civil (as opposed to military) service. Jeremias was the nephew of the future Governor-General Adriaan Valckenier (1737-1741), who at the time was still a member of the . H could therefore expect to make rapid progress in his career. In 1736 he became ''onderkoopman'' (underbuyer/undermerchant), in 1738 ''koopman'' (buyer/merchant), in 1740 ''tweede opperkoopman'' (second upperbuyer/uppermerchant) and in 1742 ''eerste opperkoopman'' (fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
