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Lactifluus Gymnocarpus
''Lactifluus'' is one of three genera of mushroom-forming fungi containing species commonly named "milk-caps", the others being ''Lactarius'' and '' Multifurca''. It has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence but is very similar to that genus. There are roughly 150 known ''Lactifluus'' species, which have a mainly tropical distribution but are also found in the north temperate zone and Australasia. Some of them are edible mushrooms. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactifluus'' was described in 1806 by French naturalist Henri François Anne de Roussel, with the type species '' Lactifluus piperatus''. Later, ''Lactifluus'' was largely considered a synonym of ''Lactarius'', until molecular phylogenetic work showed in 2008 that ''Lactarius'' was not a monophyletic group. In the following, the name ''Lactarius'' was conserved for the biggest of the subclades revealed, containing most well-known north temperate species. Thus, the name ''L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Piperatus
''Lactifluus piperatus'' (synonym ''Lactarius piperatus''), commonly known as the blancaccio, is a semi-edible basidiomycete fungus of the genus ''Lactifluus''. Despite being edible, it is not recommended by some because of its poor taste, though can be used as seasoning when dried. The fruiting body is a creamy-white mushroom which is funnel-shaped when mature, with exceptionally crowded gills. It bleeds a whitish peppery-tasting milk when cut. Widely distributed across Europe and eastern North America, ''Lactifluus piperatus'' has been accidentally introduced to Australia. Mycorrhizal, it forms a symbiotic relationship with various species of deciduous tree, including beech, and hazel, and fruiting bodies are found on the forest floor in deciduous woodland. Systematics and taxonomy The species was one of the many species named by Linnaeus who officially described it in Volume Two of his ''Species Plantarum'' in 1753 as ''Agaricus piperatus'', the specific epithet deriving from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clade
A clade (), also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree. Rather than the English term, the equivalent Latin term ''cladus'' (plural ''cladi'') is often used in taxonomical literature. The common ancestor may be an individual, a population, or a species (extinct or extant). Clades are nested, one in another, as each branch in turn splits into smaller branches. These splits reflect evolutionary history as populations diverged and evolved independently. Clades are termed monophyletic (Greek: "one clan") groups. Over the last few decades, the cladistic approach has revolutionized biological classification and revealed surprising evolutionary relationships among organisms. Increasingly, taxonomists try to avoid naming taxa that are not clades; that is, taxa that are not monophyletic. Some of the relationships between organisms ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Clarkeae
''Lactifluus clarkeae'', formerly known as ''Lactarius clarkeae'', is a species of mushroom-forming fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found in Australia and New Zealand in mycorrhizal association with species of '' Nothofagus'' and the family Myrtaceae. Taxonomy and naming ''Lactifluus clarkeae'' was first described as a species of ''Lactarius'' in 1927 by Australian naturalist John Burton Cleland from a specimen found at Mount Lofty, South Australia. Cleland noted the mushroom was similar in general appearance to ''Russula flocktoniae'', now ''Lactifluus flocktoniae''. It was named in honour of botanical artist Phyllis Flockton Clarke, notable for her watercolour paintings of the fungi of New South Wales and niece of Margaret Flockton. ''Lactifluus flocktoniae'' is generally understood to have a brighter orange to red cap and paler gills compared to ''Lactifluus clarkeae'', which has variable morphology. Both species were transferred to the genus '' Lactifluu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Vellereus
''Lactifluus vellereus'' (formerly ''Lactarius vellereus''), commonly known as the fleecy milk-cap, is a quite large fungus in the genus ''Lactifluus''. It is one of the two most common milk-caps found with beech trees, with the other being '' Lactarius subdulcis''. Taxonomy and systematics ''Lactifluus vellereus'' is one of a handful of north temperate milk caps that belong to the genus ''Lactifluus'' which has been separated from ''Lactarius'' on phylogenetic grounds. Its closest species is '' L. bertillonii'', with which it forms a rather isolated clade in the genus. Description Like other mushrooms in the family Russulaceae, the ''L. vellereus'' fruit body has crumbly, rather than fibrous, flesh, and when this is broken the fungus exudes a milky latex. The mature caps are white to cream, funnel-shaped, and up to in diameter. It has firm flesh, and a stipe which is shorter than the fruit body is wide. The gills are fairly distant (quite far apart), decurrent, and narro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Heimii
''Lactifluus heimii'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found in Burundi, where it grows in miombo woodland dominated by ''Bracystegia utilis''. See also *List of Lactifluus species, List of ''Lactifluus'' species References External links * Fungi described in 1996 Fungi of Africa Lactifluus, heimii {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Edulis
''Lactifluus edulis'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. Described as new to science in 1994, it is found in Burundi. See also *List of Lactifluus species, List of ''Lactifluus'' species References External links * Fungi described in 1994 Fungi of Africa Lactifluus, edulis {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Densifolius
''Lactifluus densifolius'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found in Zambia, where it grows in miombo woodland. See also *List of Lactifluus species, List of ''Lactifluus'' species References External links * Fungi described in 1996 Fungi of Africa Lactifluus, densifolius {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Deceptivus
''Lactifluus deceptivus'' (synonym ''Lactarius deceptivus''), commonly known as the deceiving milkcap, is a common species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found throughout eastern North America on the ground in coniferous forests near hemlock or deciduous forests near oak, and in oak-dominated forests of Costa Rica. It produces large mushrooms with funnel-shaped caps reaching up to in diameter, on top of hard white stems that may reach long and up to thick. The gills are closely spaced together and yellowish-cream in color. When young, the cap is white in all parts, but the depressed center becomes dull brownish in age and breaks up into scales. The edge of the cap has a roll of cottony tissue that collapses as the cap expands. The surface of the stem—especially near the base—has a velvety texture. The mushroom "bleeds" a milky white acrid latex when it is cut or injured. Similar milk-cap species with which ''L. deceptivus'' might be confused i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Aureifolius
''Lactifluus aureifolius'' is a species of agaric fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is found in Burundi, where it grows in miombo woodland dominated by ''Brachystegia utilis''. The fungus was described in 1996 as a species of ''Lactarius''. Taxonomy The species was originally described as ''Lactarius aureifolius'' by Annameike Verbeken in 1996. She transferred the species to ''Lactifluus'' in 2011. It is classified in the subgenus ''Edules''. Description The fruit bodies have convex caps measuring ; the margins of the cap turn upward in maturity, resulting in a funnel shape. The stem measures long by thick. The distantly spaced gills have an adnate to somewhat decurrent attachment to the stem. Spore In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions. Spores form part of the life cycles of many plants, algae, f ...s are ellipsoidal, measuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Volemus
''Lactifluus volemus'', formerly known as ''Lactarius volemus'', is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. It is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere, in temperate regions of Europe, North America and Asia as well as some subtropical and tropical regions of Central America and Asia. A mycorrhizal fungus, its fruit bodies grow on the ground at the base of various species of trees from summer to autumn, either individually or in groups. It is valued as an edible mushroom, and is sold in markets in Asia. Several other ''Lactifluus'' mushrooms resemble ''L. volemus'', such as the closely related edible species '' L. corrugis'', but these can be distinguished by differences in distribution, visible morphology, and microscopic characteristics. ''L. volemus'' produces a white spore print and has roughly spherical spores about 7–8 micrometres in diameter. The colour of the ''L. volemus'' mushroom varies from apricot to tawny, and the cap may ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactifluus Corrugis
''Lactifluus corrugis'' (formerly ''Lactarius corrugis''), commonly known as the corrugated-cap milky, is an edible species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. It was first described by American mycologist Charles Horton Peck in 1880. Description Along with ''Lactifluus volemus'', ''L. corrugis'' is considered a choice edible mushroom Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macrofungi (fungi which bear fruiting structures that are large enough to be seen with the naked eye). They can appear either below ground (hypogeous) or above ground .... The latex of both species stains brown. See also * List of ''Lactifluus'' species References corrugis Edible fungi Fungi described in 1880 Fungi of North America Taxa named by Charles Horton Peck {{Russulales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lactarius Volemus 90024 Cropped
''Lactarius'' is a genus of mushroom-producing, ectomycorrhizal fungi, containing several edible species. The species of the genus, commonly known as milk-caps, are characterized by the milky fluid ("latex") they exude when cut or damaged. Like the closely related genus ''Russula'', their flesh has a distinctive brittle consistency. It is a large genus with over 500 known species, mainly distributed in the Northern hemisphere. Recently, the genus ''Lactifluus'' has been separated from ''Lactarius'' based on molecular phylogenetic evidence. Systematics and taxonomy The genus ''Lactarius'' was described by Christian Hendrik Persoon in 1797 with '' L. piperatus'' as the original type species. In 2011, '' L. torminosus'' was accepted as the new type of the genus after the splitting-off of ''Lactifluus'' as separate genus. The name "''Lactarius''" is derived from the Latin ''lac'', "milk". Placement within Russulaceae Molecular phylogenetics uncovered that, while macromorphologic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
