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La Vengeance Raguidel
''La Vengeance Raguidel'' is a 13th-century La vengeance Raguidel', ''Dictionnaire Étymologique de l'Ancien Français''. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities poem written in Old French. It is widely, although not universally, attributed to Raoul de Houdenc. It consists of 6182 Friedwagner, 1909. The Hippeau edition, based on a single manuscript, has 6176 lines octosyllabic verses. The title comes from line 6173 of the Chantilly manuscript. Hippeau, 1862, page 214. The Chantilly manuscript is the only one that has the end of the poem (see under manuscripts above) Plot King Arthur, looking out of the window of his court at Caerleon, sees a boat with a dead knight on it. The body has a lance thrust through it, and has five rings in its hand. Gawain is the only one able to remove the lance, but is unable to remove the rings. While no-one is looking, another knight comes and takes the five rings. Kay, alerted by a valet, pursues him. Kay, however, is defeated by a mysteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heidelberg Academy Of Sciences And Humanities
The Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (German: ''Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften''), established in 1909 in Heidelberg, Germany, is an assembly of scholars and scientists in the German state of Baden-Wuerttemberg. The Academy is a member of the Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities The Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities (German: Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften) is an umbrella organisation for eight German academies of sciences and humanities. The member academies are: *Berlin-Brandenburg Ac .... References External linksHeidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities website 1909 establishments in Germany Scientific organizations established in 1909 Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities Education in Heidelberg {{Germany-org-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vassal
A vassal or liege subject is a person regarded as having a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch, in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, the dominant party is called a suzerain. While the rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, and the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty. The obligations of a vassal often included military support by knights in exchange for certain privileges, usually including land held as a tenant or fief. The term is also applied to similar arrangements in other feudal societies. In contrast, fealty (''fidelitas'') was sworn, unconditional loyalty to a monarch. European vassalage In fully developed vassalage, the lord and the vassal would take part in a commendation ceremony composed of two parts, the homage and the fealty, including the use of Christian sacraments to show its sacred importance. According to Eginhard's brief description, the ''commenda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Poems
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 ( MCCI) through December 31, 1300 ( MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258), the destruction of the House of Wisdom and the weakening of the Mamluks and Rums which, according to historians, caused the decline of the Islamic Golden Age. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The Southern Song dynasty would begin the century as a prosperous kingdom but would eventually be invaded and annexed into the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols. The Kamakura Shogunate of Japan would be invaded by the Mongols. Gorye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bibliothèque Nationale De France
The Bibliothèque nationale de France (, 'National Library of France'; BnF) is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as ''Richelieu'' and ''François-Mitterrand''. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including books and manuscripts but also precious objects and artworks, are on display at the BnF Museum (formerly known as the ) on the Richelieu site. The National Library of France is a public establishment under the supervision of the Ministry of Culture. Its mission is to constitute collections, especially the copies of works published in France that must, by law, be deposited there, conserve them, and make them available to the public. It produces a reference catalogue, cooperates with other national and international establishments, and participates in research programs. History The National Library of France traces its origin to the royal library founded at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaston Paris
Bruno Paulin Gaston Paris (; 9 August 1839 – 5 March 1903) was a French literary historian, philologist, and scholar specialized in Romance studies and medieval French literature. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1901, 1902, and 1903. Biography Gaston Paris was born under the July Monarchy at Avenay (Marne), the son of Paulin Paris (1800–1881), an important French scholar of medieval French literature. In his childhood, Gaston learned to appreciate Old French romances as poems and stories, and this early impulse for the study of Romance literature was placed on a solid basis by courses of study at the University of Bonn (1856), in the German Confederation, and at the École Nationale des Chartes, at the time under the rule of the Second French Empire. Paris taught French grammar in a private school, later succeeding his father as professor of medieval French literature at the Collège de France in 1872; in 1876 he was admitted to the Académie de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Meyer (philologist)
Marie-Paul-Hyacinthe Meyer (17 January 1840, Paris – 7 September 1917, Saint-Mandé), was a French philologist. Biography Meyer was born in Paris and educated at the Lycée Louis le Grand and the École des Chartes, specializing in the Romance languages. In 1863 he joined the manuscript department of the Bibliothèque Nationale. He was keeper of the national archives from 1866 to 1872. In 1876 he became professor of the languages and literatures of southern Europe at the Collège de France. In 1882 he was made director of the École des Chartes, and a year later was nominated a member of the Academy of Inscriptions. He was one of the founders of the ''Revue critique'' (1865), and a founder and the chief contributor to ''Romania'' (1872). Paul Meyer began with the study of old Provençal literature, but subsequently did valuable work in many different departments of romance literature, and ranked as the chief authority on the French language of his era. He was a member ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauberk
A hauberk or byrnie is a shirt of mail. The term is usually used to describe a shirt reaching at least to mid-thigh and including sleeves. Haubergeon ("little hauberk") generally refers to the quilted undergarment used with a hauberk, but the terms are sometimes used interchangeably. History The short-hemmed, short-sleeved ''hauberk'' may have originated from the medieval Islamic world, although its European form is a descendant of the Carolingian ''byrnie''. The word ''hauberk'' is derived from the Old Frankish word ''halsberg'' (c. 1300), which originally described a small piece of mail that protects (''"bergen"'', literally "to give protection, to save, to rescue") the throat and the neck (the ''"Hals"''). The Bayeux Tapestry illustrates Norman soldiers wearing a knee-length version of the ''hauberk'', with three-quarter length sleeves and a split from hem to crotch. Such armor was quite expensive—both in materials (iron wire) and time/skill required to manufacture it—so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gaheris
Gaheris (Old French: ''Gaheriet'', ''Gaheriés'', ''Guerrehes'') is a knight of the Round Table in the chivalric romance tradition of Arthurian legend. A nephew of King Arthur, Gaheris is the third son of Arthur's sister or half-sister Morgause and her husband Lot, King of Orkney and Lothian. He is the younger brother of Gawain and Agravain, the older brother of Gareth, and half-brother of Mordred. ''Le Morte d'Arthur'' depicts Gaheris as little more than a supporting character to Gawain, with an odd exception of his murder of their mother. His role is greater in the French prose cycles, including as an object of murderous sibling rivalry by Agravain in the Vulgate Cycle. Inevitably, however, he is killed alongside Gareth during Lancelot's rescue of Guinevere, the event that will lead to the fall of Arthur. Origin Gaheris and his brother Gareth likely originated from the same character, due to the similarity of their names in Old French (the forms of their names include the al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tournament (medieval)
A tournament, or tourney (from Old French ''torneiement'', ''tornei''), was a chivalry, chivalrous competition or Mock combat, mock fight in the Middle Ages and Renaissance (12th to 16th centuries), and is one type of hastilude. Tournaments included melee and hand-to-hand combat (weapons were often blunted to prevent serious injury), contests of strength or History of archery, accuracy, and sometimes Jousting, jousts. Some thought that the tournaments were a threat to public order. The shows were often held because of coronations, marriages of notable figures, births, recent conquests, peace treatises, etc. They were held to welcome of people of perceived high worth, ambassadors, lords, and so on. Finally, some tournaments were held simply for pure entertainment. Such tournaments were depicted throughout the ''Codex Manesse''. Etymology Old French was in use in the 12th century, from a verb , ultimately Latin "to turn". The same word also gave rise to the Italian (modern Eng ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valet
A valet or varlet is a male servant who serves as personal attendant to his employer. In the Middle Ages and Ancien Régime, valet de chambre was a role for junior courtiers and specialists such as artists in a royal court, but the term "valet" by itself most often refers to a normal servant responsible for the clothes and personal belongings of an employer, and making minor arrangements. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, and the role is often confused with a butler. Word origins In English, ''valet'' as "personal man-servant" is recorded since 1567, though use of the term in the French-speaking English medieval court is older, and the variant form ''varlet'' is cited from 1456 (OED). Both are French importations of ''valet'' or ''varlet'' (the "t" being silent in modern French), Old French variants of ''vaslet'' "man's servant", originally "squire, young man", assumed to be from Gallo-Romance Vulgar Latin *''vassellittus'' "young nobleman ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old French
Old French (, , ; Modern French: ) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France from approximately the 8th to the 14th centuries. Rather than a unified language, Old French was a linkage of Romance dialects, mutually intelligible yet diverse, spoken in the northern half of France. These dialects came to be collectively known as the , contrasting with the in the south of France. The mid-14th century witnessed the emergence of Middle French, the language of the French Renaissance in the Île de France region; this dialect was a predecessor to Modern French. Other dialects of Old French evolved themselves into modern forms (Poitevin-Saintongeais, Gallo, Norman, Picard, Walloon, etc.), each with its own linguistic features and history. The region where Old French was spoken natively roughly extended to the northern half of the Kingdom of France and its vassals (including parts of the Angevin Empire, which during the 12th century remained under Anglo-Norman rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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